28_listening to india - 12th plan

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LISTENING TO INDIA

A conversation of citizens with the Planning Commission regarding the 12th Five Year Plan

April 20, 2011

Listening to India Page 1 of 200


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CHAPTER 1

LISTENING TO INDIA: ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT AND THE PLANNING PROCESS



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focuses on high return projects (like the power and transport sectors) at the cost of social projects (education and health

sectors) which promise slower returns. This document points to many other such similarities and contrasts, which mayassist future policies in concrete ways.

Listening to India is way for the Planning Commission to show stakeholders involved in the last consultative processhow their inputs are being used. It is also a means to reach out to those eager to partake in the Commissions newparticipative efforts. Further, this document provides an opportunity for the Commission to acknowledge the insightfulwork of the stakeholders included herein. It reflects the Commissions resolve to respond to the concerns raised, and

demonstrates its commitment to work on the issues identified in this document.

Part B: How is this document useful?

By pointing to linkages and commonalities across ten sources, Listening to India will allow stakeholder groups to findareas of consensus and use these to consult and build coalitions for further interaction and exchange. Further, thisdocument is part of the Planning Commissions effort to offer a consolidated response to those it consulted with.Listening to India therefore gives stakeholders across the nation the opportunity to hold the Commission accountableto its word: the insights in this paper will enable citizens to evaluate how much of what is stated here is eventuallyincluded in the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017).

Part C: How is this document organized?

This paper is divided into six chapters. In addition to this current section, which provides an overview of the motivationbehind this exercise and behind the planning process itself, there are five additional chapters. Chapter Two provides a



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summary of the forums whose suggestions and views are included in this analysis. Chapter Three discusses six systemic

challenges (which highlight issues and recommendations that are deep-rooted and manifest in more overt, visibleproblems). The chapter consists of tables (one for sub-challenges and one for recommendations) and text summaries foreach of the six challenges. Chapter Four does the same for a set of six sectoral challenges. Chapter Five introduces twoadditional concerns, which were not originally part of the Planning Commissions challenge matrix, but which figurestrongly in the views of each of the listed stakeholders. Chapter Six is an afterword, and points to steps the PlanningCommission shall take in the future; to keep the consultative spirit of planning alive. It is worth noting that certainsources figure more prominently in the write-ups, as well as within the tabulated sections of this report. This is aresult of the amount and depth of information received from each of the sources. It in no way reflects aprioritization made by the Commission. The report ends with an appendix of key abbreviations. These are not anexhaustive list and merely feature the most cited recommendations in this document.

Part D: Peoples Participation in the Planning Process

The Approach Paper: Precursor to the Main Plan

An Approach Paper lays out the strategic framework which guides the preparation of the prospective Five Year Plan. It

builds upon the Mid Term Appraisal, which is a critical review of the successes and failures of the previous Five YearPlan. A key function of the Approach Paper is to identify pressing issues and systemic failures, and suggest a range ofalternatives to address them. In specific terms, the Approach paper lays out the broad strategy and options; not schemesor specific interventions. In laying out this strategy, a political mandate is sought for the stated objectives and targets,and the broad policy measures necessary to achieve them. These directions contained in the Approach Paper areelaborated in the Five Year Plan in terms of specific policies, programmes, and schemes. The issues being dealt with in



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the Approach Paper to the Twelfth Plan are major policy concerns identified by the Planning Commission. These broad

issues are further broken into sub-issues that cover multiple challenges.The Challenge Matrix for the Twelfth Five Year Plan: an Evolving Grid

In devising an appropriate structural framework for the Twelfth Five Year Plan, the Planning Commission sought toassess sector specific challenges (health, education, agriculture etc.) as well as well as systemic challenges (deep rooted andoften invisible issues which manifest into visible problems). The Commission started out with 34 considerations, which

its officers assessed through ten lenses. These were: 1) citizens expectations, 2) governance and institutions, 3) markets,4) global developments, 5) skills and demography, 6) science and technology, 7) information, 8) land, climate, andenvironment, 9) innovation and enterprise, and 10) financing the plan. This exercise allowed the Commission to gain acomprehensive sense of the many facets attached to each of the 34 issues. The resulting 340 cell matrix was documentedand discussed in great detail by individuals within the Commission during a three day retreat in October 2010. At theend of this retreat, 12 core challenges (6 sectoral and 6 systemic) were identified. These challenges will attempt to bring

out the issues relating to livelihoods and employment generation in addition to output enhancement across sectors.

After the October 2010 retreat, the Planning Commission commenced consultations on these 12 challenges, with diversesegments of citizens, through a structured process explained in Chapter 2. The inputs from the consultations have beensynthesized to inform the issues which will be addressed in the Approach Paper to the Twelfth Plan.



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CHAPTER 2

SOURCES: ORIGIN OF THIS CONTENT



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Introduction

In a new effort to promote participatory planning, the Planning Commission organized consultations with diverse

stakeholder groups in order to receive a breadth and depth of inputs for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017). This

analysis presents the challenges and recommendations emerging from reports received by the Planning

Commission from ten platforms/ forums. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the consultative process within

the Commission aims at using platforms to include as many organizations as possible. It is believed that this

method shall allow greater representativeness than an outreach strategy catered towards specific organizations.

These forums considered in this report are: the Twelfth Plan Facebook Page, the Twelfth Plan Website,

Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), Federation of Indian Micro & Small and Medium Enterprises (FISME),

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), Wada Na Todo Abhiyan (WNTA), Arghyam,

TATA Essays, four groups from Solution Exchange (the Gender Community, the Decentralization Community, the

Work and Employment Community, the Maternal and Child Health Community), and National Bank of Agriculture

and Rural Development (NABARD). This chapter introduces each of these sources and indicates the break-up of

participants in their internal consultations. The aim is to indicate the manner through which these sources arrived at

their recommendations, who they consulted, and what their goals and perspectives were; so as to arrive at a better

understanding of what direction they expect the forthcoming Twelfth Five Year Plan to take.



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1) Civil Society: Wada Na Todo Abhiyan, Arghyam, and TATA Essays

1.1) Wada Na Todo Abhiyan (WNTA)

Wada Na Todo Abhiyan is a country-wide campaign. It seeks to hold the government accountable to its promise to

end poverty, social exclusion, and discrimination (political, economic, and social). The campaign was born out of a

consensus among human rights activists and social action groups (who met at the World Social Forum in 2004 in

Mumbai). At the Forum, it was agreed that a forceful and concerted effort was needed to reverse the fact that one-fourth

of the worlds poor live in India and continue to experience intense deprivation, denying them opportunities to learn,

live, and work in dignity. This community of organizations is working to monitor the promises made by the

government to meet the objectives enshrined in the UN Millennium Declaration (2000), the National Development

Goals, and the National Common Minimum Program (2004-09), with a special focus on the Right to Livelihood,Health, and Education. WNTA also works to ensure that the concerns and aspirations of Dalits, Adivasis, Nomadic

Tribes, Women, Children, Youth, and the Differently Abled are mainstreamed across programs and policies of both

central and state governments. The recommendations contained in this analysis have emerged from WNTAs

consultation with over 850 networks (comprising many more organizations and NGOs); each working on a different

set of issues and themes.



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Arghyam and WaterAid also organized a consultation on rural and urban drinking water and sanitation in New

Delhi between December 13 -14, 2010. The participants at this event were primarily NGOs, Gram Panchayatmembers, and people from academia and the media. The regional consultations were in the form of a two day workshop

where participants were divided into groups focusing on particular thematic areas in rural water and sanitation. The

thematic groups came up with a prioritized list of issues in their area, and identified solutions for and

recommendations that would be appropriate to consider at a policy level. Some of the themes included were

infrastructure and systems for supply and disposal, financing, partnerships for maintenance and delivery, drinking water

etc.

1.3) TATA Essay Contest

The TATA Building India School Essay Competition is a key initiative undertaken by the TATA group to motivate theyouth of India to think about nation building. Instituted in 2006, as an English language competition, the competition

attracted over 3 million students across 150 cities and 8 languages in 2010-2011. The theme underlining the topics given

to students is always nation building. The topics are carefully chosen to allow students to be creative, insightful and

genuine. The theme of the 2009-10 competition was Future India. TATA Essays undergo two levels of screening: one

at the level of the home school; the second by a panel of three judges from the fields of journalism and/ or academia.



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2) Industry/ Business Associations: FICCI, CII, FISME

2.1) Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)

Established in 1927, FICCI is the largest and oldest business organization in India. FICCI plays a leading role inpolicy debates that are at the forefront of social, economic, and political change. Through its 400 professionals, FICCI is

active in 39 sectors of the economy, and has joint business councils with 79 regions in the world. A non-government, not-for-profit organization, FICCI has direct membership from the private as well as public sectors,including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 83,000 companies from regional chambers ofcommerce. FICCIs publications are widely read by think tanks, the government, and academia for their in-depthresearch and policy prescriptions. The organization works closely with the government on issues pertinent to enhancingefficiency, competitiveness, and business opportunities for industry. It does so through a range of specialized services

and global linkages. It also provides a platform for sector specific consensus building and networking. Partnerships withcountries across the world propel FICCIs initiatives which encompass health, education, livelihood, governance, skilldevelopment, etc.

The comments contained herein are based on the feedback collated from members of FICCI through a number ofmodalities including conferences, seminars, research papers, and one-on-one discussions with leading industry

representatives. FICCI shared a draft outline with select representatives from industry, who then engaged in aconsultative process to arrive at the final note. The note also includes the inputs of various other stakeholders likeprominent academicians, industry experts, media representatives and think tanks.



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2.2) Confederation of Indian Industries (CII)

The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-run organization. CII seeksto create and sustain an environment conducive to the growth of industry, and routinely partners with both industry

and government through advisory and consultative processes. CII aims to usher change by working closely with

government on policy issues, competitiveness, and efficiency gains. CII undertakes research, interacts with key

government officials, as well as disseminates information through publications, seminars, and events. With 64 offices in

India and 9 overseas, and owing to institutional partnerships with 223 counterparts in 100 countries , CII has thepotential to serve as an interface for Indian industry and the international business community. It has a direct

membership of over 8,100 organizations from the private and public sectors, and an indirect membership of over

90,000 companies from around 400 national and regional sectoral associations.

On the social inclusion front, CII actively promotes skills development. It leads a Task Force on Skills Development,

which will soon table its recommendations. CII has also meaningfully contributed to the World Bank funded ITI

upgradation project and to the concept of the Modular Skills Employment programme of the Government of India for

the unorganized sector. With regards to the promotion of industry, CII organizes trade fairs to showcase industrial feats.

Some of its flagship trade fairs are the Auto Expo, Agrotech, and IMME. CII also has an arm called Young Indians (Yi),

which was formed with the objective of creating a platform for young Indians to realize the dream of a developed

nation. Yi has over 1200 direct members in 25 city chapters, and another 12,000 members through its Farmer Nets,Student Nets and Corporate chapters. The Yi membership includes young progressive Indians between the age group of

25 and 40 years. Through its varied activities, CII positively impacts many sectors of Indian society.

As part of an on-going strategy to expand participation, and owing to the recognition that a range of new issues surfacedfrom consultations at CII and through other forums, CII organized Consultative/ Consensus Conclaves in



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Bangalore, New Delhi, Chennai, and Chandigarh. These Conclaves arose from the recognition that implementationis a serious hindrance to public service delivery, as well as a significant facilitator of corruption. These Conclavesprovide a means for several other pertinent issues to be discussed in the future. A fuller description of the Conclaves ispresented in Chapter 6.

2.3) Federation of Micro & Small and Medium Enterprises (FISME)

The Federation of Indian Micro & Small and Medium Enterprises (FISME) was established in 1995. FISME rose inimportance owing to the post liberalization eras emphasis on industrial diversification and employment creationthrough entrepreneurship: the shift from mega enterprises to small and medium industries was an inevitable result. Notsurprisingly, the national and global changes in the post reform era have shaped FISMEs twin objectives of promotingentrepreneurship and facilitating the creation of a competitive environment in the country; andimproving the marketaccess for Indian Micro & Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India and abroad. FISMEs primary activities

consist of networking and training (FISME has signed Memorandums of Understanding, MoUs, with like-mindedassociations in India and abroad, and organizes workshops aimed at training individuals in the operations and logistics ofMSMEs) andresearch and publication. FISME is a member of the National MSME Board formed under MSME Act(2006). FISME is well represented in, and consulted by, the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) policy making set-up ofthe country. It also works in close cooperation with major multilateral and bilateral bodies in India such as UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations

Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Department for International Development (DFID) etc. Therecommendations included in this report are a combination of inputs FISME received from a survey it sent to 513members, 296 geographical associations, and 350 product associations allied with it.



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3) Solution Exchange

Solution Exchange is a knowledge management initiative, spearheaded by the United Nations Team in India. It is a

membership based online forum that brings together development practitioners from varied fieldsgrassroots, NGOs,

multi-laterals and bi-laterals, the private sector, academia, and governmentto share experiential knowledge and

facilitate collaboration.

The forum carries a mandate to facilitate National Development Goals and Millennium Development Goals. TheCommunity also seeks to promote the goals and targets of the Twelfth Five Year Plan. It is comprised of the following

nine networks: the Water Community, the Disaster Management Community, the Work and Employment

Community, the Food and Nutritional Security Community, the Climate Change Community, the Decentralization

Community, the Gender Community, the Maternal and Child Health Community, the AIDS Community, the

Education Community, and the Micro-finance Community. Solution Exchange helps its community members increase

the effectiveness of their individual efforts. By tapping into the collective knowledge of diverse practitioners, Solution

Exchange connects individuals with shared interests, who would like to learn from each others experiences. This

document presents recommendations from the following five groups of Solution Exchange: the Gender

Community, the Decentralization Community, the Maternal and Child Health Community, and the Work and

Employment Community.



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4) Social and Online Media: Facebook and the Twelfth Plan Website

The Planning Commission seeks to use social and online media as interfaces between citizens and the planning

machinery. The effort is to tap Indias online population, learn about netizensviews, and engage them in a dialogue on a

host of sectoral and systemic issues. At present, the Planning Commissions Twelfth Plan Facebook Page

(www.facebook.com/TwelfthPlan) has over 4,000 comments. The official Website on the Twelfth Five Year Plan

(www.12thPlan.gov.in) has 650 comments to questions posed by Challenge Teams (in the Commission); each working

on one of twelve broad challenge areas (six systemic and six sectoral) that the forthcoming Five Year Plan endeavors toaddress.

5) Other Inputs

5.1) Rural Development and Financing: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

NABARD is primarily a national-level Development Bank with a mandate for facilitating credit availability for

the progress and development of agriculture, small-scale and cottage industries, handicrafts, and other rurallivelihoods. It also has the mandate to promote integrated and sustainable rural development and secure prosperity in

rural areas. In discharging its role as a facilitator for rural prosperity, NABARD is entrusted with providing re-financing

to rural lending institutions; prompting institutional development in villages; evaluating, inspecting, and monitoring

client banks; and coordinating the operations of rural credit institutions. NABARD offers assistance to the government,



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in particular, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). In addition, it offers state governments assistance in helping rural

institutions and serves as a research and training facility for banks, cooperatives, and other bodies working in the area of

rural development. Finally, NABARD also acts as a regulator for corporate banks and Rural Private Banks. The

recommendations from NABARD cover the views of a range of organizations from the rural banking and rural

development communities. It has links with corporate and rural banks across the nation, is connected with Indias apex

banking organ (the RBI), and represents the rural infrastructure and development community.



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CHAPTER 3

SYSTEMIC CHALLENGES

-Enhancing the Capacity for Growth

-Enhancing Skills for Faster Generation of Employment

-Managing the Environment

-Markets for Efficiency and Inclusion

-Decentralization, Empowerment, and Information

-Technology and Innovation



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Frequent changes in government policy Corporates and insurance sector need long term


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Frequent changes in government policy

Subsidy

Corporates and insurance sector need long term

paper to match their asset-liability requirements

Lack of government policy as in case of

land

Inadequate consultations with the industry

Corruption and lack of transparency

Lack of availability and affordability offinance, especially micro finance



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Need for governmentsupport on joint

Investments in newlyproposed infrastructure Debt

Cutting down on foodand fertilizer subsidies


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support on jointresearch of sectorspecific policyinitiatives

proposed infrastructure DebtFund should be treated asqualified investments ininfrastructure for insurancecompanies;

and fertilizer subsidieswill enhancecompetition in food andfertilizer market:farmers would get betterquality fertilizers atmarket determined price(preferably a lowerprice)

Quarterly review of

implementations andsystem checks withindustry

Minimum credit rating

requirements for insurancecompany investment intoinfrastructure (from currentAA) needs to be reviewed

In the long run, it is not

subsidies but ruralinfrastructure that willthat will improve livesof people

Multiple agencies indecision making

Promoting policies to ensurestable long-term capital flowsimportant

Subsidies should beprovided more forpurchasing agriculturalequipments or relatedestablishment

A well structureddiscussion papershould be circulated toall the stakeholderswell in advance

Could be ensured throughliberalization of foreigndirect investment and policiesthat ensure increased primacyto FDI

Subsidies for food andfertilizers (althoughnecessary) are quite ashort term solution.Funds should be kept

for agriculturaleducation - teachingfarmers about bestprocesses and best

racticesUse of better ProjectManagementTechniques

Rationalization of the taxstructure

Resources should bespent on providingirrigation facilities whichwill improve theproductivity of foodgrains

Industry AcademiaInterface Simplification of proceduresfor flow of funds Subsidies to not beremoved in case of foodas more than 50% of ourpeople are below thepoverty line

TQM for increasingsurpluses fromindustry for expansiongrowth or innovation

Modernization ofgovernment systems andreduction in bureaucracy

Reassessing thebeneficiaries in case offertilizer subsidies. Arethe beneficiaries bigfarmers or smallmarginalized?

Decentralization of

authority

Improvement in

infrastructure facilities

The realization that

promoting chemicalfertilizers by givingsubsidy which in thelong run is not good forthe soil and the land

Adding time cost ofmoney for projects

Rationalization of labor laws Withdraw all subsidiesincluding on fuel as itdoes not reach theneedy. Spend the moneyon providing free HealthCare, Education,Poverty Alleviation andcheap public transport

FDI



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Dairy development atdoorstep

Allowing credit hedginginstruments such as Credit

Financial Inclusion isnecessary to make

on mar et:Reforms on


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pDefault Swaps

yservices reach the poor

Monitorimplementation ateach level

Rationalize and harmoniesstamp duty regulations Stamp duty is currentlyaround 37.5 bps; though thecentral government haslowered stamp duty, all stateshave not yet done so

Eliminate middle men toensure subsidies reachthe poor; electronicmarketplaces couldreplace middlemen

Timely release ofgrants to implementgovernment schemes intrue spirit

Long termdebt markets& a nascentcorporate

bond market:Reforms onthe demand

side

Absence of any refinancingagency for the sector,combined with restrictivecaps on banks lending to theNBFC sector

Subsidies to be providedonly to small landfarmers who don't havethe funds

Change required in themindset of the

policymakers

Limited access to EBBfunding, which would help

address funding cost andtenure issues

Giving small farmers theopportunity to buy

fertilizers at a lowervalue and charging themarket price to themedium sized land orthe well to do farmers tominimize losses in sales

Accurate database Restrictions on issuinghybrid financial instrumentsfor meeting regulatory capitalneeds

Reducing subsidies byfirst increasing the roleof agricultureuniversities andagricultural departmentrepresentatives so that

output does not suffer

Stress onimplementation ofprogrammes andschemes

No access to SARFAESI andDebt Recovery Tribunals forrecovery of bad loans

Implementation andmonitoring budget ofdepartments to beincreased for efficientdelivery of subsidizedgoods

System formeasurement to befollowed by social

audit system

Multiplicity of taxescombined with differentialand discriminatory tax

treatment of the sector

Good systems to trackall subsidies and makingsure they are reaching

the intendedbeneficiaries

Bring e-Governance atlocal level

The fund created shouldfocus on the bottom of thepyramid

Mobilization ofresources, people andsociety

The fund invested should actas a fund of funds (similar toYozma programme of Israel),investing in smallerfunds/entities which will alsoraise their own capitalthereby increasing Indian VC

players

Recommendations specificto ImprovedOutcomes

the supplyside

For thesmooth

functioningof NBFCs


Inculcate Partnershipsfor sharing and

It should fund innovativeideas, start ups and early


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participation stage companies

Establish a yardstickfor each of the growthinitiatives

The fund should help in skillsdevelopment, technicalassistance and creation ofmentoring network

Encourageentrepreneurship tomanage and reducegovernment role

It will establish stronglinkages with Academia,R&D institutions, VCindustry, Govt. and Industry

Corruption to belegislated as nationalcrime and punishmentsto be given through

The focus of this VCinitiative will not only be onIP/Patent but also onsolutions, business modelsand innovative approachesthat have a major impact on

the chosen segmentsseparate judiciarysystem

A framework fordecentralized procurementand meeting PDSrequirements in each statewherever feasible, this willreduce the procurementincidentals and distributioncost of food grains

Corruption at servicedelivery level to bedone away with

Authorize multiple agenciesincluding private sectorentities to procure foodgrains, which would alsoresult in loweringprocurement and distributioncost

Strong legal process tofix accountabilities

Once the UniqueIdentification Numbersystem is in place, thegovernment should considerrolling out the Smart Cardbased Food Distribution,where in the beneficiary canprocure food grains fromany kiranas/retail outlet andthe subsidy amount will bedirectly transferred to the

shop owner

Need for transparentsystem ofidentification ofbeneficiaries forwelfare schemes

Auto fuels should be madeavailable to customers as permarket determined pricingmechanism

Social & ethical audit+ accountability ofpublic services at alllevels

It is imperative to device amechanism to exclude therich availing highlysubsidized fuel and focus onareas where LPG penetrationis low & target customersthat need to be given subsidydirectly

Food subsidy

promotedomesticventurecapital


Handholding ofvulnerable groups at all

i d li i

Kerosene supplies are beingdiverted for black marketing

d d l i


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service delivery points and adulteration purposes,denying the benefit to theintended groups. To curtailthis practice, the use oftechnology to trackmovement of kerosene,distinctive coloring forsubsidized fuel and couponsystem and Smart Cards isimportant

To ensure delivery,a. criteria should befinely definedb. technical skills andmanpower to deliverc. Have nationalbenchmarks fordeliveryd. Have measurable

criteriae. Robust legal systemto ensureRestrict BPL benefit tofamilies with equal orless 2 children

Nothing should be free check subsidies

Robust legal system toensure guilty shouldnot go scot free

Law and LaborReforms

Energysubsidy



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MSMEs payment shouldbe made a priority

Provide safety netslike targeted foodsubsidies,nutrition

Reduce tax onemployees, bringmore business who


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subsidies, nutritionprogrammes andhealthcare packages

more business whoare not paying tax byenforcing so that thetax collection is madeup

Heavy fines ondepartments which arefrequently involved indelayed payments

Reduce tax onemployees, enforcetax laws: increasecollectibles

Some time relaxation toMSMEs for payingadvanced taxes

Lower income tax andincrease commoditytax in phased mannerto yield morerevenues forgovernment

For the single windowsystem, create portalwhere people can submit

applications, uploadrequired documents etc.

Variable income taxlike USA: were centerand states charge

different rates andconcessions at statelevel attract moreindividuals fromacross the globe thusraising overallgovernment revenue

For time-boundprocessing and to curbcorruption, bill shouldbe passed by theparliament (mandatingenforcement in 30 dayperiod)

Nationalexpenditures

Curb one timeexpenses underschemes like NREGAetc. as these expensesdo not ensuresustainable changes toshow as concrete

improvements

Extensive consultationwith individualindustries, associationsprior to forming scheme

Before sanctioning ascheme: governmentshould analyze demandand supply: someschemes popular, others(like low sanctioned

amount schemes) not sopopularEligibility criteriaMarket DevelopmentAssistance scheme(cannot avail until twoyears needs to bereviewed

Nationalrevenues/taxation



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Young people do not

want to acquire skills that

may be in demand but are

not socially valued and

It is crucial to enhance market

access, institutional credit etc.

Mushrooming of Special

Economic Zones and Free

Trade Zones are live

examples of what is


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not socially valued and

upwardly mobile: e.g.

Plumbing, carpentry,

electric work, mechanic

work, etc.

examples of what is

happening to the labor

market: neo-liberal policies

have only helped in

widening the gap between

the rich and the poor with

the poorest of the poor

Devaluation of dignity of

labor

Dalits unable to access the

provisions of Micro, Small and

Medium Enterprises Act of

2006 given low investment

Caste discrimination is reported

from the smallest to the bigger

Dalit entrepreneurs

There is considerable disparity

in the average daily earnings

across different social groups

for women and men showing

stark inequality particularly in

urban areas compared to rural

areas and in regular

employment compared to

casual employment

Inter-district and inter-statemigration has also increased

with large proportions of these

vulnerable workers coming

from Dalit communities

Children continue to be in the

workforce instead of in schools

Caste based discrimination in

hiring practices and recruitment

in the private sector has been

reported in studies (Thorat and

others, 2007)

Majority of schemes targeted to

Dalits are for non-literate: no

skills upgradation


GenderCommunityTATA Essay Contest FISME


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Encourage small entrepreneurs by

relaxing bureaucratic and

administrative stringencies to seek

approvals

MSMEs account for 40% of India's

exports and create more jobs than

any other sector: they need to be

scaled up

Women are trapped in low wage,

unskilled jobs

Increase industries to enhance

employability

Acute shortage of manpower: if

available, difficult to attract labor

from conventional sector to

unconventional sector

Training and livelihood enhancement

opportunities reinforce gender

stereotypes

Institutes of

higher and

vocational

training

Technical staff shortages are

specifically acute in defense and other

sectors

Inequalities by socio-economic class,

caste and other axes of disparity

remain pronounced

Insufficient investment in services

that support womens productive

work

Lack of requisite skills predisposes

women (also adolescent girls) to

work in low income jobs while being

open to exploitation

Training efforts undertaken through

livelihoods programmes unable to

galvanize opportunities towards

employable skills

Variety of sustainable livelihoods, on

which majority of marginalizedcommunities are dependent,

especially tribals, dalits and fishing

communities, are left out of the

purview of any developmental

schemes

Womens roles in the unorganized

and organized sector have been

increasing

Gender CommunityTATA Essay Contest FISME

Gender based

planning

Industry,

employment,

livelihoods

Industry,

employment,

livelihoods

Institutes of

higher and

vocational

training


Denudation of forests has resulted in

poverty and starvation of tribal

communities most affecting women

and girls


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MGNREGS should be made flexibleby making special provisionsapplicable to displaced children andcommunities

A comprehensive framework of rights toemployment, resources, and equal and decentwork needs to be adopted for womens right tolivelihoods and microcredit should not be the

sole strategy

Land should be allocated on a long lease basisto SCs along golden-quadrilateral highwaysand other National and State Highways

Involvement of family members in skilldevelopment should be encouraged andincentives given to parents to take disabledchildren to their workplace.


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sole strategy

Increased access to affordable credit(for instance through self-helpgroups or rural banks) would helpreduce the extent of unsustainabledebt which strangulates the earnings

of the poor

Protection should be provided to womenthrown into the labor market without anysocial security due to changes in the economy.Especially for those women in difficultsituations due to loss of livelihoods

Reservation quotas for SCs in PSUs should befilled by SC youth and appropriate trainingshould be given to SC youth

Employment and skill development in nonconventional fields like film making, mediatechnology, art and culture etc. should beexplored.

Special MGNREGS should beimplemented in order to assist those

whose lives will be or have beenaffected

Protection from privatization andenvironmental degradation should be provided

Quality training and education should begiven to Dalits by Government in alloccupations

The government must ensure specialconcessional markets with easyaccess for the poor

Common Property Resources should bemanaged by people's committees with not lessthan 50% representation of women

A Status Report on Women and Livelihoodsshould be prepared with an emphasis on re-

examining microcredit as the only strategy

Employment should be provided to stopmigration as with increased migration, women

are the worst affected as they are left not justmanaging the home but also the entireagriculture work where earlier the men folkwould do some of it.

Wage disparities should be removed and properimplementation of both the minimum wagesAct as well as the Equal Remuneration Actshould be ensured



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Migrant Resource Centers should beestablished in all states

Government can propose amechanism through which theskills of the unorganized playerscan be accredited with a formal

certificate which would create al l l i fi ld i d f


43/200

level playing field in order forthem to gain opportunities forfurther learning and to improvecareer prospects

There should be resettlement and re-integration programs for returnees fromwork overseas

Skill development across sectors:Real Estate & Construction

To meet the shortage of worldclass urban planners, newplanning institutes to be set up in

the country and academicprogrammes aimed at urban

development should bestrengthened

Training and skill development ofpublic officials to aware themabout issues involved in urbanplanning

Capacity building of staff workingat the local government level alsoneeds to be enhanced

Computerization of offices of the

local government and training thestaff about Information

TechnologyDeveloping a municipal cadre bydeveloping a group of experiencedpeople who are capable ofproviding leadership and skill toofficials to expand managerialcapacity

Skill development across sectors:Environment

Massive Effort at ExpandingEducation and Skills to Reap theDemographic Dividend

Developing Efficient and FairLabor Markets for all Categories

of Workers

Creating a skilled manpower base

for Renewable Energy

Skill development across sectors:Health

Increase pool of Doctors

Allow relaxation of build up areafor medical colleges to quicklyramp up facilities, simultaneousfocus on building healthinfrastructure in tier-II and tier-IIIcities to add to the required poolof healthcare professional

Provide an easy path for wellqualified foreign doctors to comeinto India and practice to bridgemanpower shortage

Streamlining Nurse/ParamedicEducation

Review and standardization ofNurse Job profile and trainingneeded to reduce attrition andenhance service quality

Streamline the procedures andregulatory framework for qualitytraining of Para medical staff

Introduce newer professionals i.e.Nurse practitioners and Physicianassistants by augmenting trainingprocedures

Periodic review and updating ofmedical education curriculum


Address faculty shortage: Privatepracticing doctors with relevantexperience and expertise should be

allowed to teach in medicalcolleges to address facultyshortage


44/200

shortage

Skill development across sectors:IT

ICT can be integrated within theeducation curriculum

Create IT-trained labor force toaugment their employability

Common Service Centers can beleveraged to impart web basedtrainings and help develop skills inrural areas

To encourage private players towork in these sectors PlanningCommission should give specialincentive and categories them asfocused trades

Sector skills council

Set up Labor Market InformationSystem and maintain skillinventory

Develop skill competency

standards and qualifications foroccupations

Standardization, affiliation andaccreditation process

Participation in affiliation andaccreditation

Study and transfer best practicesfrom Globe

Develop a sector skilldevelopment plan

Consultancy for HR requirementof Industry

Plan and execute training oftrainers



45/200

Promote localized computing


46/200

New methods of skill delivery

Promoting on-the-job training

Training to include skills that areuseful in industry

Employment Generation

Identifying people in theunorganized sector, issuing I-cards

Financially strengthening the

unorganized sector

Entrepreneurship will boom andcreate millions of jobs



47/200

Human resource: anadministrative unit

HRD is most importantdepartment in any organization:all government departments ormust have HRD wherepromotions must be on seniority

and performance rating

Track the employment history oftrainees to understanddifferentiated skill buildingrequirements

Financial support

Letter of credit should beprovided to small business ownersby banks


48/200

Social Safety Nets

Provide opportunities for earninga minimum wage (MGNREGA),but no unemployment doles

A for pay wiki model distributedthroughout our telecomnetworks, encompassinginformation arbitrage, visualcapture, visual design, coding,

translation, knowledge, and jobauctioning etc

Fair labor markets

Set up an on-time Information

System about the demand of skillset in different parts of India,different volumes, trends ofdemand etc.

Employment, livelihoods

Paid weekly off part of minimumworking conditions across sectors

Identify training areas based onlocal needs, skills and resources

Tax breaks for private sector tocreate more jobs

Ensure suitable opportunities forwomen, people with disabilities

(PWD), tribals and othermarginalized groups

Unorganized sector: skill basedtraining especially for people from

slums like plumbers, electricians,carpenters

Develop a national wage policy

and ensure implementation

Employment for marginalized:

manufacturing zones (boostmanufacturing sector jobs inremote and rural areas especially)and skill development (vocationalor professional education)

Livelihoods through agricultureand non-farm activities

Focus on small farmers and onimproving the dry land farming

Cottage industries to create jobsin renewable energy sector

Enable provision of high qualityservices for livestock basedlivelihoods

Have companies like BHEL createreference designs and project plansfor manufacturing micro-wind-mills, wind ducts and solar-dish/sterling engine based powergenerating plants

Provide farmers with newtechnologies and skill building intheir use

Transfer technology toentrepreneurs to manufacturehome/small business self-power-generation units for the local

region

Develop a marketinginfrastructure for marketing the

products from Agriculture/Alliedand Non-farm sectors

Support farmers by way ofinformation, credit andcollectivization

Use PPP for industrializing theagriculture sector

Provide support for mixedfarming systems for diversificationof the livelihood base


Focus on strengthening andintegrating the complete productvalue chain


49/200

Take measures for sustainablemanagement of water resources,

and promote and support dripirrigation systems



50/200


51/200

Industry and enterprisemust be promoted but theirscale, impact etc. must bechecked

Urban and industrial wastemanagement have challenges inimplementation despite regulations

Rampant corruption andflawed business models haveto be tackled effectively by

Development of infrastructure likeMunicipal Solid Waste TreatmentPlants Sewage Treatment Plants


52/200

to be tackled effectively bystrengthened communities

Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants,Common Effluents Treatment Plants,Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storageand Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) notprioritized

The growing energy andfood crisis can only becompounded by climatechange

Small and medium enterprises dependupon common infrastructure formeeting their environmental standards.

Oil imports are increasingrapidly and at anunsustainable rate

Solid waste management infrastructureis compounded by ineffectiveimplementation, antiquity of rules andlack of structured guidelines for publicprivate partnership

Environment related policies and

regulations are a classic example of adisintegrated regulatory framework

Environment related policies are dealtby different agencies and regulatoryauthorities without being streamlinedinto a single process

Forest Clearances& Benefits to

Forest Dwellers

Although guidelines for ForestConservation Act (FCA), 1980 havebeen provided, there is lesstransparency

Lack of Integratedand Coordinated

Effort

Waste Mgt andPollution

Abatement


Water Wars a major possibilityin the f t re

Fossil fuel use: upward spiral in prices: twoconseq ences (1) Some food crops other ise

No round the year availability;scarcit d ring s mmer dr ing

Low involvement of women indecision making relating to ater and

We cannot really reverse bio-diversityloss beca se lost species can ne er be

NABARD Arghyam FacebookWebsite Gender Community


53/200

in the future

Population pressure

consequences: (1) Some food crops, otherwiseconsumed as food, will be used to produce bio-energy; (2) High fossil energy prices will causechemical fertilizer prices and high food prices

scarcity during summer; dryingup of sources

decision making relating to water andother natural resources

SustainableDevelopmen

t

loss because lost species can never bere-gained naturally: only option is toprevent further losses in animal andplant life

Major parts of the Nationalcapital with no supply of water

Unfavorable changes in climate makesagriculture most vulnerable and threatens foodsecurity

Pollution (industrial andagricultural run-offs affectsurface and ground watersources) leaving water sourcesunusable

Assess impact of climate change onwomen and ensure that adaptationstrategies under National Action Planon Climate Change address womensconcerns

Exploitation of ground waterfor irrigation or because ofpopulation pressure

Expansion of irrigation has been at cost ofbiodiversity, marine life specifically

No water budgeting and demandmanagement

Women are major collectors of non-timber/minor forest produces(NTFPs): awareness is needed on therights of forest dwellers on forest

produces

Changing trends in agricultureproduction

Among the 163 countries ranked on the basis of25 performance indicators, India scored of 48.3 isranked 123

Extraction of ground and surfacewater more than recharge

Training is required for womenmembers on techniques of collection,drying, storage and processing ofNTFPs for profit

ground water depletion isdegradation of our forest reserve

and tree cover

No community systems formanaging groundwater

Since women play crucial roles inwater collection and the forest

economy, awareness among them iscrucial

No credible and comprehensivedata/information available tocommunity to reducevulnerability

Absence of adaption strategiesand lack of capacities at all levels-village, block, district and state

Lack of available alternateoptions to the end user/community

No proper government body tofacilitate/ institutionalize theadoption of adaptive strategies

WaterScarcity

Sustainable

Development

ClimateChange

Women andenvironmen

t



54/200


55/200

Child Labor Prohibition and

Regulation Act must be

implemented

Budgets for vulnerable

communities to take into account

additional costs of rebuilding

houses

Conversion of Gram Panchayat

into Urban Municipalities in 5th

Scheduled areas is illegal and

should be banned

Implementation of PAT

(Perform, Achieve & Trade)


56/200

Garbage collectors should be

employed by government

agencies and the wastemanagement system should be

institutionalized

The planning process

should dynamically change and

enable Dalits to meet the challengesof nature

There should be a ban on the

conversion of agricultural land

for non-agricultural purposes(like Jatropha plantation,

Urbanization etc.)

Innovation in clean energy

usage

Planning process for emergency

relief should have wider

consultations with vulnerable

communities

Mechanism that allows the

Gram Sabhas to use the money

for community work should be

put in place

PPP framework for hazardous

waste management

Eliminate waste through

Business Process Re-

engineering

Robust mechanism/ body for

regulation/ monitoring

projects

General



57/200


58/200

Implementation of NAPCC by

industry requires huge investment

Gas exploration and

usage be pushed instead

of focusing on coal to

reduce emissions

to reduce carbon emissions

intensity by 20-25% by 2020,

businesses will have to be key

delivery agents to support the


59/200

delivery agents to support the

Government

To meet the above mentioned

objective, govt. will have to have a

transition plan to help business on

the path to a low-carbon economy;

Policy and fiscal incentives for

Climate Chan e Miti ation andGovernment should encourage

private sector participation through

public private partnership for the

development of common

environmental infrastructure

facilities and address the

bottlenecks faced by private sector

in such projects

The business models which are

being followed for such projects

covering all types of wastes should

be documented. Innovative

models/ best practicable model

which would be adopted across

projects shall also be deliberated

and projected

The issues of implementation of

the common environmental

infrastructure projects should be

addressed

Modernization and upgradation of

the existing environmental

infrastructure to enable effective

operation and optimal utilization

should be taken up

The government should set in

motion the process for amendment

of the Municipal Solid Waste

Management (MSWM) and

Handling Rules 2000 that have long

surpassed their relevance and

timelines

Introduction and

institutionalization of tipping fee

and/or Operation & Maintenance

Fee concept in the whole value

chain of MSWM sector across India

Prioritizing utilization ofJNNURM funds for all the

components of MSWM in the

Prioritizing provision of land for

all components of MSWM cycle

Formation of buffer zone around

MSW treatment and disposal

facility

Setting up a bill discounting facility

for the private sector operators

through JNNURM

Setting up an ESCROW account to

avoid payment defaults

Exclusion of taxes in the tipping fee

and / or O&M fee

Waste Mgt and

Pollution

Abatement


Provision for escalation in tipping

fee and / or O&M fee to adjust

revision in price of administered

commodities & utility services

Procurement of equipments for

MSWM operations with in-built

O&M contract


60/200

Developing Municipal Solid Waste

Management benchmarks for

different cities depending upon the

size and population

Specification of range of costs for

different components of MSWM

cycle to help in the bidding process

Setting Standards for MSWM

equipment and machinery with

expected lifetime

Developing appropriate tendering

models which would serve as

guidelines for the MSWM sector

Realistic and equitable standard for

quality of compost and coverage

under FCO

Study on quality based cost

approach for different components

Sanctity and durability of PPP

agreements independent of

Bureaucratic / Political changesPrequalification criteria for

consultants and private operators

Policy on the usage of MSW

derived compost with chemical

fertilizers to create demand for

compost thereby enabling

Monitoring of MSWM Projects toensure accountability and

transparency

Cluster approaches to improve

feasibility of MSWM projects and

achieve economies of scale for small

communities

Proper utilization and disposal of

construction and demolition waste

under PPP mode

Penalization of both public and

private sector for non-compliance

to tender agreement with

objectively defined criteria.

Incentivizing decentralized waste

management projects for large scale

housing projects and commercial

buildings

Government should encourage and

incentivize the use of wastes of one

industry as a raw material or

energy source for another industry

The Government should also

consider the relaxation of norms

for discharge of effluents generated

from common infrastructurefacilities through a diffuse system

Recommendati

ons for proper

implementatio

n

of the MSW

Rules, 2000


To enable waste recycling,

transboundary movement of

hazardous waste should be

facilitated by adopting a regime of

integrated regulation for all

industrial wastes; slag, fly ash and

some hazardous waste can be used

in cement kilns for incineration but

face problems with respect to inter-


61/200

face problems with respect to inter

sate movement; Government

should promote recycling of non-

toxic hazardous waste

Equipment and/or technologiesused to produce energy through

solar, wind, geothermal, biomass,

biofuels, waste, tidal and other

renewable resource

Fuel cells, micro turbines or energy-

storage systems for use with electric

or hybrid-electric motor vehicles

Equipment used to refine or blend

renewable fuels

Equipment and/or technologies toproduce energy-conservation

technologies (including energy

conserving lighting technologies

Inter-ministerial taskforce headed

by the cabinet secretary

Using Geospatial technology to

conserve forest resources

Geospatial can help the

government in site selection for

industrialization based on spatialIt can be a technology platform for

creating a biodiversity inventory

and an action plan to manage and

conserve it

Revise Forest Conservation Act,

1980 and make the procedures for

implementation in the revised Act

more practical and less time

consuming

Special provision or relaxation

should be provided to renewable

energy projects, especially wind

energy projects, as electrification inthe areas near forests would only be

provided through decentralized

renewable energy systems and this

Forest

Clearances &

Benefits to

Forest Dwellers

Policies should be evolved for

encouraging tourism in protected

areas with involvement from all

stakeholders including forest

dwellers as this will incentivize the

forest dwellers in the conservation

of forests

Forest

Management

Industrial

Waste

Management

Promotion of

Manufacturing

Base for

Pollution

Control and

Environmental

FriendlyEquipments



62/200


63/200


64/200

Low finances and lack of marketinformation top two challenges,particularly for MSMEs

Inability of non-farmers, who do not ownland, to offer collateral for taking loandeepens dependence on money lenders who

l iti di id lMarketing issues

Almost 90% of domestic rural water supplyis groundwater-based: causes issues fromdependence on market (external) based

l ti d t k l bbi t f d

NABARDFISME Arghyam Gender


65/200

exploit individuals solutions and tanker lobbies to forcedmigration and declining human and animal

Strengthening market information channels

and availability of information: marketsbelow optimal level will develop adequately

Farmers face problem of obtaining Land

Possession Certificates

Mortgage of land should be an easyprocedure

Farmers who are availing loans from LandDevelopment Bank Aare not provided theKCC

Lack of adequate and timely credit

Terms of credit are inflexible and there isno built in mechanism to defer dues in caseof distress

Tenant farmers, weavers, and artisans find itdifficult to obtain investment credit fromBanks and borrow money from moneylenders at exorbitant rates. High interest

rates on loans especially on AgricultureTerm Loan

Increase per group finance to matured SelfHelp Groups (SHGs) trained to take upincome generation servicesBanks are charging inspection/service/visitcharges, etc. for farm loans

Awareness camps for various schemespolicies not being arranged

The scale of finance fixed by District LevelTechnical Committees, especially the scaleof finance adopted by DCCBs is inadequateas the farm labor has become costlyNo fixed range: lower for subsistencefarmers; higher for commercial farmers

Huge difference in the retail price and farmgate price

Minimum Support prices for various cropsshould be announced at start of season

Future trading in agricultural produceshould be encouraged

Providing market information

Financial Markets

Land Markets

Markets for women



66/200


67/200


68/200


69/200


70/200

ar et or ot er goo s anservices

Promote farm machinery centers in different districtswhich can lease and take back equipment after use from

farmers


71/200


NABARD Gender Community Facebook

Banks should consider keycropping factors: net irrigatedarea, cropping intensity, rural

bank branches, wholesalemarkets, communication etc.

while giving credit

Strengthen marketinginfrastructure for

products ofwomengroups and artisans

Revitalize rural banking: loans forspecified targets not arbitrarily

waived and minimum of at least 5years before any waiver iscontemplated


72/200

Financialservices and

support

Markets for

women

Financial services

and support

More credit should bedisbursed to the districts, for

which credit is playing a verycrucial role or where keycropping factors are favorable

Promote resources fordirect marketing without

the involvement of themiddle-man

Micro-finance should be linked tocellular/mobile banking to increase

access

Support smallentrepreneurs (men and

women): build theircapacity for marketingstrategy and link them

with production centers

Need to develop corporate debt l todecrease interest rate by increasing

liquidity of the instrument

Consider quotas forwomen in milk,

vegetable, oil seed andother cooperatives asmembers and leaders

Banning micro-financing not thesolution: instead regulating it is

Set up women'sagriculture collectives toenable sell of grains at

good prices

Partnerships forservice/infrastructure

Creating SEZ like units to improvemarket supply chains

Inclusivemarkets

Delivery systems need tobe enhanced, terms ofcredit need to be

streamlined

Co-ordination/Implementation of

programs

Swabhiman project: make sure ruralpeople use their right to bankingwithin this program

APMBs should be scrapped as these

are preventing a common market inagricultural commodities in the

country; second best option is to putit in the concurrent list

Inclusive markets

Introduce efficient system forprocurement and delivery

Curb the tendency of middle men to

profit by taking undue advantage ofpositions

Provide more efficient means ofcredit disbursal through financial

institutions


Open bond market

Permit long term foreign exchange

hedging on stock exchange


73/200



74/200


75/200


76/200

Website NABARD Arghyam Gender Community

Problemofcorruptionand

transparency

Malnutrition, as measured by

underweight children below threeyears is estimated at 45.9 percent(National Family Health Survey

Planning, policy, pricing:

limited awareness and littlescope for communityparticipation/voice

Lack of training, lack of empowerment, and

lack of an enabling environment hindersreservations


77/200

Foodsecurity

2006-06)

Women

Panchayatstobeempowered

toimplementpoliciesatthe

grassrootslevel

The continuous growth of ourpopulation is a problem

Overlapping institutions &jurisdiction, limited

accountability, transparency

Information to rural women is filtered: shouldbe involved in planning processes, including

financial planning

IndiraAwasYojana(ascheme

forwomen)beingutilizedby

malemembers

Gradual depletion anddegradation of natural resources;

diversion of land and water tonon-agricultural uses are otherconcerns

Regulation, decentralization,fund flows: create an enabling

environment and frameworkfor debate urban bodies andcommunity

Training leads to gender issues actuallyreceiving importance in gambit of planning

IndiraAwasYojana(ascheme

forwomen)beingutilizedby

malemembers

Emergence of second generation

problems: market fluctuations;changing agricultural trade

regime; farmers income etc. haveshed light on agriculturalsustainability

Role of state agencies: increase

interactions with local levelbodies and water managers

There has been no mechanism to monitor the

gram sabhas : Example: Use of biometricdevices to recordgram sabhas

Womencan'tdoitapproach'

stillexists

The compounding effect of higherfood and fuel prices and global

recession: estimated 1/6 of

humanity without access to food(UN 2008)

Role of state agencies: increaseinteractions with local level

bodies and water managers

Discriminatory thinking is embedded againstSC/ST communities and inherent gender bias

is reflected: education required

Institutionalizing strongerregulatory practices to

mitigate corruption

Gender specific legislation does not geteffectively implemented



78/200

Ever-increasing conflictsbetween different stakeholders


79/200



80/200

Note: See the table of recommendations to read the complete analysis.


81/200



82/200


83/200

Frontline service delivery workers such asICDS workers, primary school teachers aswell as Civil Society Organizations toensure convergence among departmentsand provision of information

Provide HIV women with propertyrights and healthcare

Recommendations in 2nd AdministrativeReforms Commission (ARC) andCommission on Centre-State relations:basis for implementing uniformdecentralized governance

Create shelters for displaced women

Provision for education of thechildren of prison inmates needed

District Committees should be setup to monitor shelter homes


84/200

up to monitor shelter homes

Reconsider PPP approach as keysocial services (water, sanitation,health, education) dont reachwomenIndia should adopt and implementthe United Nations Resolutionssuch as 1325, 1820, 1888, 1889(conflict ridden women andchildren)

Pass legislation on HIV prevention

Ration cards should to singlewomen



85/200


86/200


87/200

Devisingcommunityspecific,castespecificand

culturespecifictoolsandmediatoempower

womenfromdiversebackgrounds Funds

Improve funds flow and budgeting(linking expenditures to outcomes)

Earmark funds for local governments as has beendone by the XIII Finance Commission, with Statestaken into confidence

IncreasingtheupperagetotakeUPSCexams

Capacityenhancement

Strategize capacity building on the basis oftechnological and institutional interventions.

ImprovingLawandOrdertobringrealchange Build capacities of other functionaries and GramSabha, women elected representatives and thosefrom the disadvantages groups


88/200

Helpingthevictimsofsexualabusebyinitiating

attitudinalchangesinsociety

Involve institutions other than ATIs/SIRDs incapacity building: untied financial support toCSOs etc

Makingpeopleawareaboutissuesofsexual

abuse,violenceandassault

Decentralizedgovernance

Roadmap for ensuring devolution and effectivedecentralized governance jointly with Stategovernments

Promotingsexeducation Ensure every local government has in place anorganizational structure, with office, staff, systemsand role clarity of each functionary

Give mandatory taxation powers and other

resource mobilization powers have to localgovernments

Complete activity mapping, a detailed functionalmapping, review of the status of conformitylegislations and contradictory legislations at Stateand Central levels

Integrate institutions like Nyaya Panchayats,missions/programmes on health, livelihoods, foodsecurity, employment etc with the localgovernment processes

Develop simple, minimum, measurable indicatorsof decentralized governance

Strengthen the role of the State governments in allthese processes

Democratizing information

Increase budgetary allocation in plans at district,block and village level for SC, ST, women, oldpeople, children and minorities

Ensure the launch of Nyaya Panchayats, which ina way could address many aspects of social justice

Inequality index on the lines of the global one

Train local governments to measure inequality:performance indicators at local level to includeissues of disadvantaged groups

Media: Ensure government collaboration anddisseminate acts/laws relevant to local bodies'information capacity

RTI: Implement public disclosure clause of RTIand create National Data Bank to collate anddisseminate information


Linking programmes like Plan Plus of NIC toschemes like MGNREGA, tap potential ofNational Panchayat Portal

Funds

Improve fund flows to all programs at district andpanchayat levels

Identify bottlenecks in implementation anddelivery at state and local levels

Identify parameters of quality, develop norms andstandards for services and link these to budget

provision


89/200

Improvequality of

public services

provision

Correct Contradictory laws and regulations andensure States and panchayats follow them

Set up participatory Performance Management andinstitutionalize Social Audit across all tiers ofgovernment: empower panchayats with power toenforce

Increase the proportion of untied funds and reduceCSS

Technology

Explore options of village kiosks, mobile basedinformation sharing, reporting and tracking

E-governance: Single window service deliverysystems, online record keeping and grievancehandling system

IT: computerized facilitation centers, websiteupgrades for latest information

Decentralizing industry

Government must ensure that working of DICs isin sync with their objectives

DICs directed towards providing information topeople and making markets more accessible

DICs should capitalize on their physicalinfrastructure and disseminate information for

manufacturers as well as consumersEquipping DICs with knowledgeable personneland introducing time-bound file clearance systemsis critical

Food Security

Value addition in agriculture with dimensions ofbio-diversity bio-fuels development

Bio-technology to enhance yields

Continue current efforts: PDS, wage andemployment programs, Mid Day Meal Scheme etc.

Diet diversification to meet micronutrientdeficiency (supplementary nutrition and supply offortified food)

Lifting agricultural productivity: Increasedproductivity of food crops, livestock and fisheriesin an ecological way; minimum support prices(MSP), Input subsidies; more targeted agriculturalresearch

Improving rural livelihoods: Addressing marketfailures, future market and free trade, f ood-forwork scheme/direct subsidies, community grainstorage banks; generating export marketopportunities; increased job opportunities;

increased financial services


Building community resilience: Supportingcommunity-driven development; increasedfunding for existing social protection activities;social safety nets for vulnerable;

Universal food security: Enhanced publicexpenditure and corporate social responsibility

Social

Universal employment security: continue existingintervention through MGNREGA; strengthenimplementation

Proper utilization of human resources in collective

enterprises: (Kamani Cooperative Jute Mills of


90/200

inclusion

p ( p JWest Bengal) successful example of collectiveenterprise; also encourage emergence of micro-enterprises among Self Help Groups (SHGs)

Universal social security and health care


Facebook

Reduce extensive subsidies to bigfarmers and use extra money to securesmall ones

Improve distribution system bybuilding a number of small scale storagehouses each near to a small railway

station to ensure better connectivity:use MGNREGA this purpose


91/200

Decentralizedgovernance

use MGNREGA this purpose.

Set Minimum market/ support prices

Reduce tax on agriculture

Withdraw all subsidies including fueland spend the money on providing freehealth care, education, and transport

Create national tourist parka where FDIand tax incentives are needed

PPP to restore tourist sites

Women

Engage women in planning,implementation and review at everylevel of Panchayati Raj:Example:Pragati in Uttarakhand

Economic andsocial inclusion

Lift SC, marginalized through socialand financial inclusion: provideeducation, loans and easy collateral etc.in the frontage


Challenge 6: Technology and Innovation

Overview of challenges (observations from the table on challenges):

The WNTA report highlights the lack of involvement of youth and adolescents in information and knowledge exchanges. It calls attention to the urban centric bias in technologicalresearch and innovation stresses the lack of quality educational institutes of technical learning (particularly in rural India) talks of the absence of creative solutions to deal with


92/200

The WNTA report highlights the lack of involvement of youth and adolescents in information and knowledge exchanges. It calls attention to the urban centric bias in technologicalresearch and innovation, stresses the lack of quality educational institutes of technical learning (particularly in rural India), talks of the absence of creative solutions to deal withagricultural productivity and health related issues, and shows that technical education can augment child and minority welfare (by positing new solutions and creating means oflivelihood). While WNTA talks of the aforementioned social dimensions, along with the upper caste bias in technology and lack of investment in technology for marginalizedcommunities like dalits and adivasis, CII and the Website talk of Indias low place in the innovation race . CII identifies Indias pre-reform protectionism and supply-driveneconomics (lead to industrys inability to attract capital) as a cause for the above and mentions that the paucity of capital (physical and financial) stalled the rise of technology start-ups in the nation. FISME states the need for government support in marketing new technologies and claims that innovation can help MSMEs compete with one another tostrengthen the R&D chain within India. Arghyam advocates varied (instead of uniform) incentives to promote geographically and locally differentiated technical solutions to issues.Like WNTA, the Gender Community asks that vocational education carry a technical component to assist marginalized communities and women in devising economic

sustenance measures. Interestingly, the TATA Essays and Facebook are the two sources to highlight the negative implications of technological innovation: they argue that thegovernment should be especially careful while negotiating arms and nuclear deals to prevent proliferation of newer and more potent technologies.

Note: See table of challenges to read the complete analysis.


Challenge Sub-

Categories

Technology and innovation

are means for ensuring

addressing challenges for

children, particularly in

areas such as health,

education and skill

development

Lack of spaces for

adolescents to express

and share innovative

ideas

Low investments in

technologies required

by Dalit communities

India is behind others on industrial

innovation and technology start-ups:

these play important roles ensuring

inclusive development

Lack of mobility of Scientists

and Teachers between

Research institutes, academic

institutes

Nuclear and

Armament

Proliferation

Preventing nuclear and

arms technologies from

proliferating is a huge

challenge

Innovation is a requirement to

help MSMEs compete with each

other

Targeted incentives only to

BPL families are a barrier in

using technology to reach

other groups

Lack of knowledge, access

to information, financial

and technological access

hinders women from

participating in e-

governance

Emphasis on development

of agriculture, forestry,fishing, space, industrial

Most innovations are

urban centric

Upper caste

dominance inprofessions, business,

Indian industry not driven enough to

build fundamental capacity due tosupply-driven economy in pre-reforms

Artificial divide impacting

the quality of skilledmanpower

Since the biggest challenge is access

to technology, governmentschemes should focus on

Uniform incentives restrict

innovations to tackle specificgeographic constraints

Knowledge and technology

can help reduce physicalburden of rural and

Urban and

rural

infrastructure

Industry,

employability,

livelihoods

Artificial divide

between

farmers and

researchinstitutions

SourcesWNTA

Children Adolescents Dalits

CII Website Gender CommunityFISME ArghyamTATA Essay Contest


93/200

g, p ,

development and health is

needed

p , ,

culture and IT related

fields

pp y y p

era: high fiscal incentives could not

attract industrys investment in

technology & innovation

p

marketing new technologies in a

comprehensive fashion

g g p

illiterate urban women

Inadequate creative

solutions to address lack of

basic health care,

malnutrition, poor teaching

quality etc.

Dalits and adivasis

need disaster

mitigation since they

often live areas

vulnerable to human

and natural disasters

(since they are

cheaper)

Technology-startups in India did not

flourish due to lack of structured

support mechanisms

Technology for

farmers

Present technology, solely

funded by the government,

unsustainable

Involvement of women

essential in the technical

and modern education

system

Industry,

employability,

livelihoods



94/200


95/200

Facebook

Governance/ Co-

ordination

Tap universities and

professors/ students and build

university-industry linkages

to keep technologies new and

relevant

Empower government

organizations to takedecisions in purchasing

i di d ll


96/200

indigenous products small

entrepreneurs with

indigenous products

Financing

technology

Give government mandate to

spend decided percentage of

budget on new technologies

R&D needs to be incentivized

Infrastructure

Monitoring is crucial in

Indian context as funds are

not gainfully used

Increasing reach

and connectivity

Mobile banking: increase tele-

density at these place

Portal to declare the Five

Year Plan with its progress

report on weekly/monthly

basis with all

CAPEX/Expenditure details

Internet connectivity to

villages

Lower internet tariffs in 3G

and landline connections



97/200

CHAPTER 4

SECTORAL CHALLENGES

-Securing the Energy Future of India

-Accelerated Development of Transport Infrastructure

-Rural Transformation and Sustained Growth of Agriculture

-Managing Urbanization

-Improved Access to Quality Education

-Better Preventive and Curative Healthcare


Challenge 7: Securing the Energy Future of India

Overview of challenges (observations from the table of on challenges):

WNTA unanimously states that marginalized communities (SCs STs dalits adivasis) have no access to electricity and are headed towards an energy insecure future The sub-group


98/200

WNTA unanimously states that marginalized communities (SCs, STs, dalits, adivasis) have no access to electricity and are headed towards an energy insecure future. The sub groupon adivasis identifies un-regulated coal mining as a major cause of environmental damage in tribal areas. The sub-group on dalits focuses on the exclusion of SC/ST communitiesfrom the vital energy-infrastructure sector. The group points to the undue importance that is accorded to international creditors to build energy infrastructure at the cost of smallIndian investors. Questions are also raised about the lackadaisical approach towards non-conventional energy resources. WNTA suggests that setting up large solar power plantssimilar to conventional power plants will further exclude small communities.

Limited availability ofdomestic energy resources, shortage of power, lack of trained manpower, and the conflict between growth and environmental conservation are keyconcerns raised by CII. FICCI identifies lack of clarity in laws pertaining to renewable energy sources, ad-hoc changes in policies, and the non-implementation of the Electricity

Act as key challenges affecting the development of diverse sources of energy. On similar lines, Facebook also draws attention to the need for State Governments to boost policies forenergy investment. FICCI indicates the need to formulate accurate and realistic estimates of required levels of electrification across the country. The Website points to widergovernance issues relating to corruption and theft in the power sector. This overtly resonates with issues raised by FICCI. The Website comments, CII, and WNTA identifylosses in T&D as a major issue. Both CII and WNTA point to limited availability of domestic resources as a concern. The need for balancing growth and environme

28_listening to india - 12th plan

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