2.4 ‐ developments in europe - ms. alicia macdonald
TRANSCRIPT
NL Studies Peopling the Land.notebook
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2.3 ‐ Life Circa 1400Comparison Worksheet
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2.4 ‐ Developments in EuropeA Brief History 500 ‐ 1200 CE (700 years): there is little change or innovation, life remained the same. This is referred to as a traditional economy ‐ where people used their resources in the same way as a previous generation
1200 ‐ 1400 CE: change begins ‐ universities established ‐ leads to increased knowledge where new ideas emerge and spread
1400CE: application of astronomy and mathematics to navigation allows mariners to calculate positions when out of sight of land. This would transformtravel by sea and European governments sought to find new paths to Asia
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Changes in Western Europe (1200‐1400 CE)The changes:
‐ The population was increasing‐ Becoming wealthy‐ Making advances in technologies that allowed for exploration
Western Europeans (British, French, Spanish, Portuguese) began to establish colonies throughout the new world.
The Newfoundland fishery was aproduct of this expansion.
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"The discovery of America was important intellectually for Europeans because the new lands and peoples challenged traditional ideas... Africa and Asia, though distant and unfamiliar for most people, had always been known about. America was entirely unexpected."
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The Driving Force for Exploration: Trade
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Early Trade RoutesDuring this period Western Europeans were forced to look for new trade routes to obtain silk, perfumes, and spices from Asia
Wars in the Middle East meant traditional routes were difficult to use so Western Europeans had to look to other means to find resources
Governments then funded the voyages of Columbus and Cabot to seek a new route to Asia‐ they found a New World (NorthAmerica) instead.
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The Value of Fish Zuan Caboto's (John Cabot) voyage was funded by King Henry VII of England
Caboto discovered fish instead of spices but the value of fish was soon recognized ‐ early in the 1500s the French, Portuguese, Spanish, and English began to come to Newfoundland and Labrador to exploit its fish resource
By church law, Catholics and Protestants ate fish on Fridays andduring Lent. Therefore, fish was animportant resource to most European nations
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Why was the fish (salt cod) so valuable?‐ High demand‐ Inexpensive source of protein‐ Long shelf life ‐ could be stored through the winter when meat is scarce‐ Light weight and small so it was easy to transport‐ Consequently it could be used for overseas voyages, armies on the move, and an increasing population
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Booming European EconomiesThe transatlantic fishery boosts European economies by creating jobs both directly and indirectly;
‐ fishers‐ salt miners‐ manufacturing nets, hooks, barrels‐ processing and packaging‐ merchant firms‐ European governments used the fishery to train and recruit skilled seamen for their navies
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The Global Economy
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Newfoundland Fish The fishery in Newfoundland became part of the "triangle of trade" between England, southern Europe and the Americas
England ‐ food and clothingSpain ‐ salt Newfoundland ‐ salt fishSouthern Europe ‐ gold, silver, and other goods for England
Newfoundland fish traded to the West Indies to feed slaves, for molasses, sugar, and rum
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The Triangle of Trade
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Patterns in Newfoundland Fishery Competition and conflict in Europe will change the balance of power in the Newfoundland fishery
Ultimately it will be England and France as the two major players in the Newfoundland Fishery
Bookwork:Page 131 ‐ 1‐5Page 132‐133: CS 1&2