24-4-2015 leo korthofopleidingen 1 name of the trainer, leo korthof 4 kids, woerden, teacher vca,...

18-04-23 Leo Korthofopleidingen 1

Name of the trainer,Leo Korthof

4 kids, Woerden, Teacher VCA, shovel, minigraver, heftruck,

reachtruck, trekker, werkvloertrainer, assessor

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Classes of Commonly-Used Powered Industrial Trucks


The Industrial Truck Association has placed powered industrial trucks into 7 classes

• Class I - Electric motor rider trucks• Class II - Electric motor narrow aisle trucks• Class III - Electric motor hand trucks or hand/rider trucks• Class IV - Internal combustion engine trucks (solid/cushion tires)• Class V - Internal combustion engine trucks (pneumatic tires)• Class VI - Electric and internal combustion engine tractors• Class VII - Rough terrain forklift trucks

* Note that this classification refers to commonly-used vehicles and does not include all powered industrial trucks covered by the OSHA standard.


Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks

Counterbalanced rider type, stand up Three wheel electric trucks, sit-down Counterbalanced rider type, cushion

tires, sit-down (high and low platform) Counterbalanced rider, pneumatic tire,

sit-down (high and low platform)



Counterbalanced Rider Type, Stand-Up


Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks

High lift straddle Order picker Reach type outrigger Side loaders, turret trucks, swing mast

and convertible turret/stock pickers Low lift pallet and platform (rider)


Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks


Class II - Narrow Aisle Trucks


Class III - Electric Motor Hand or Hand/Rider Trucks

Low lift platform Low lift walkie pallet Reach type outrigger High lift straddle High lift counterbalanced Low lift walkie/rider pallet


Class III - Electric Motor Hand or Hand/Rider Trucks


Class III - Hand & Hand/Rider Trucks


Class IV - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks - Cushion (Solid) Tires

Fork, counterbalanced (cushion/solid tires)


Class IV - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks - Cushion (Solid) Tires


Class V - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks - Pneumatic Tires

Fork, counterbalanced (pneumatic tires)


Class V - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks (Pneumatic Tires)


Class VI - Electric & Internal Combustion Engine Tractors

Sit-down rider


Class VII - Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks

• Straight-mast forklift • Extended-reach forklift

All rough terrain forklift trucks


Rough Terrain Straight Mast Forklifts


Rough Terrain Extended-Reach Forklifts


Some Types of Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime

• Container top handlers

• Container reach stackers

• Straddle carriers

• Semi-tractors/ Utility vehicles

• Sidehandlers

• Combination vacuum lifts

• Yard tractors

The following types of vehicles are covered by the OSHA standard if the vehicles carry, push, pull, lift, or tier loads.


Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime

Container Handlers



Empty-Container Handler



Container Reach Stacker



Straddle Carriers



Yard Tractor


Operating a Lift Truck

Preoperation Inspection Operating a Lift Truck Loading/Unloading Traveling Ramps and Railroads Docks Parking Battery Charging


Preoperation Inspection

It is your responsibility to make sure your forklift functions properly

It requires preoperation inspections You must be sure equipment is

maintained


Walk Around Forklift properly disengaged

• Forks down, key off, neutral gear, parking brake on Left/right side

• Tire condition, tight lug nuts, no debris around axle, overhead guard is solid, no debris behind the mast

Front

• Forks in good shape, fork pins in place, backrest solid, mast & chains greased, hoses in good shape

Rear

• Counterbalance bolt is tight, radiator clear of debris


In the Seat

Nonmoving checks

• Gauges, lights, horn, back-up alarm, blinking warning light, operate the tilt & lift mechanism, check the parking brake

Moving checks

• Put on the seat belt, check the running brakes, check the steering

Look for oil or water leaks on the floor



Only trained, authorized operators Immediately report forklift-related accidents Seat belts must always be worn No person should stand under elevated

portion of lift truck Forklift controls operated only from

driver’s seat Never block exits or emergency equipment Smoking is not permitted


Loading/Unloading

Before raising a load, understand:

• Approximate weight of the load

• Location of the load’s center of gravity Inspect load for stability, projections,

damaged pallets before lifting Restack unstable loads Never place weight on the back of

a lift truck to increase its capacity Towing always done from rear towing pin


Traveling

Always look in the direction of travel Keep body inside the cage When moving, the mast must not be raised Sound the horn Operate at safe speeds When turning, watch rear end swing Clearance under overhead installations


Traveling

Avoid loose objects or holes If load blocks view, travel in reverse Never carry passengers Pedestrians always have the right-of-way Safe distance from edge of ramps or docks Never eat or drink No stunt driving or horseplay


Ramps and Railroads

Never turn on a ramp On ramps the load should be upgrade Ascend or descend ramps slowly Railroad tracks are crossed diagonally Never park within 8 feet of the center of

railroad tracks


Docks

Inspect the dock plate Check the trailer floor condition Trailer wheels are chocked Nose of the trailer is supported

by the tractor or a fixed jack


Parking

Lower the forks Set gear to neutral Set the parking brake Turn off the key


Propane Refueling

Propane is a combustible, compressed gas

Propane leaks are detected by:• Distinct odor

• Hissing sound

• Frost on fittings

PPE: gloves, safety glasses


Battery Charging

Inspect battery connectors for damage No smoking in battery-charging area Immediately clean up electrolyte spills PPE includes face mask, acid-resistant

gloves, and an apron


The forklifttruck


Components of a Forklift Truck*

*One of the most common types of powered industrial trucks

Blz 19


Forkliftmast

MastThe mast is the vertical assembly responsible for lowering or raising a load. A forklift mast is made up of interlocking rails necessary to provide lateral stability. These rails are guided by rollers or bushings.

HydraulicsForklift masts consist of metal plates used to move materials and are hydraulically driven. Hydraulics refers to the transmission of power via the use of pressurized fluid --- in this case, oil. Hydraulic cylinders that link directly to the forklift motor drive the mast, enabling it to lift, lower or tilt a load. The pressurized oil drives the cylinder piston to move in strokes, or linear motion. The mast is typically operated via a lever in the cab, or the area in the forklift used to house the operator and forklift control components


How a Forklift Mast Works

single mast Mast with 2 parts Mast with 3 parts


Filmpje 2 delige mast


Filmpje 3 delige mast


Verschillende hoogtes

.

Hefhoogte = maximum forkhight

maximale heffing van de vorken boven de vloer

Afzethoogte= max.height to pick up and/or put down loads

=Maximale hefhoogte – 25 cm

Vrije hefhoogte= freelift of freelift, vrije werkruimte zonder uitschuiven van de mast

Doorrijhoogte=Driving hightHoogste punt van mast of kooi met de last of lege vorken op 15 cm van de grond.

Bouwhoogte= Overall height is het hoogste punt van de truck met de vorken op de grond.

Page 21


Lastdiagram

Korte omschrijving Op een heftruck moeten een typeplaat en een werklastdiagram

aanwezig zijn op een plaats waar ze voor de heftruckchauffeur duidelijk en afleesbaar zichtbaar zijn.

Bij het heffen van lasten spelen onderstaande zaken een rol:• Totale hoogte van de uitgeschoven hefmast • Maximale vorkhoogte • Totale hoogte ingeschoven hefmast • Maximale vrije heffing • Gewichtsverdeling en de afmetingen van een last


Stability of Powered Industrial Trucks

Definitions General Basic Principles Stability Triangle Longitudinal Stability Lateral Stability Dynamic Stability


A

B

C

Vehicle Center ofGravity (Unloaded)

Center of Gravityof Vehicle and Maximum Load(Theoretical)

Stability Triangle - Figure 1

Notes:1. When the vehicle is loaded, the combined center of gravity (CG) shifts toward line B-C.

Theoretically the maximum load will result in the CG at the line B-C. In actual practice, the combined CG should never be at line B-C.

2. The addition of additional counterweight will cause the truck CG to shift toward point A and result in a truck that is less stable laterally.

Page 25


Load CG

Vertical StabilityLine(Line of Action)

Combined CG

Truck CG

Load CG

Combined CG

Vertical StabilityLine(Line of Action)

Truck CG

The vehicle is stable This vehicle is unstable and will continue to tip over

Stability Triangle - Figure 2


Center of Gravity

Balance point48”

A

B

20” 40”

Distance from the edge of the item to the item’s center of gravity


Load Center

Distance from vertical face of the forks to the load’s center of gravity• A: Load center = 24"

• B: Load center = 40" 80”

B

48””

A

1 inch = 100 lbs Important reason for keeping the load

resting against the vertical face of forks


Combined Actions Center of gravity moves

side to side

Center of gravity moves forward

Center of gravity moves backward to the thin portion of the triangle


Stability Triangle

3-point suspension Forklift’s center of gravity

Combined center of gravity

Load center beyond 24"


pallets


LCC

Standard Load Center Lastdiagram


Claus


Quiz

1. If your forklift has a rearview mirror, looking behind you is not necessary. True or False

2. Name two of the three ways to detect a propane leak: _______________, _______________

3. Describe the four items that must be completed prior to driving your forklift into a trailer.

4. If a load blocks your vision, it is OK to raise the load while moving to see under it. True or False

5. Preoperation inspections are done only because OSHA says we have to do them. True or False


Quiz (cont.)

6. Attachments reduce capacity by increasing the load center and adding weight. True or False

7. Minimum PPE items required when refueling a propane tank are ___________, ____________.

8. The most important differences between a forklift and a car are weight and steering. True or False

9. Name at least one condition that when combined with turning sharply may cause a tipover.

10. Pedestrians have the right-of-way only while in designated pedestrian lanes. True or False


Quiz Answers

1. False. You must always look behind you before backing up.

2. Hissing sound, distinct odor, or frost on fittings.

3. Chock the wheels, support the nose of the trailer, inspect the dock plate, check the trailer floor.

4. False. Never drive with the load up. Drive in reverse when the load obstructs forward vision.

5. False. Inspections are also done so that the operator can prevent mechanical failure accidents and because the company needs to prove compliance with OSHA’s requirement.


Quiz Answers (cont.)

6. True. Attachments are heavy, and they cause the load center to move away from the forklift.

7. Gloves and safety glasses are the minimum PPE required.

8. True. There are many differences, but the most significant are weight and steering.

9. Hitting a pothole, carrying an off-center load, getting a flat tire, having a raised & tilted back load, or being on a ramp.

10. False. Pedestrians always have the right of way.

24-4-2015 leo korthofopleidingen 1 name of the trainer, leo korthof 4 kids, woerden, teacher vca,...

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