2016 ndlc first generation students

National Diversity in Libraries Conference UCLA 2016

Services and Studies to Support First-Generation College Students

Ernesto Hernandez, University of California, Irvine Christina Woo, University of California, Irvine

Stacy Brinkman, Miami University Josefine Smith, Dickinson College Jennifer Natale, Miami University

Who are “First-Generation College Students?”

Parent’s level of experience with higher education

First in the family to pursue education

beyond high school

First in the family to ever

attend any type of college

Neither parent attended a 4-year college

Neither parent earned any

college degree

Neither parent earned a 4-year college degree

University of California, Irvine

•  ACRL’s Instruction Section: ISDP FG bibliography

•  Under our radar: UCI’s growing FG enrollment

•  Faculty response •  Libraries’ response •  Focus Group Findings •  FG & International

Student Outreach Committee

ACRL Instruction Section:

Identifies resources for its bibliography Investigates gaps in the literature Discusses and improves library instruction for diverse

populations

Instruction for Diverse Populations Committee

h"p://bit.ly/29IqPSk

Poster Session Preview

UC Irvine Demographics 2015

•  Public University founded in 1965 •  Coastal, suburban Orange County •  25,256 Undergrads + 6,285 Grad students = 31,551 •  86 Academic majors •  41% Live on campus •  Student-to-Faculty ratio is 20:1

Photo: “UC Irvine, Langson Library” by Mikejuinwind123/CC BY 3.0

FG Undergraduate Headcount

Fall 2014 Fall 2015

Headcount Percent of Total

Headcount Percent of Total

FG 12,451 50.84% 13,037 51.62%

Not FG 11,336 46.29% 11,469 45.41%

Not stated 702 2.87% 750 2.97%

Totals 24,489 100.00% 25,256 100.00%

FG Undergraduates by Gender, Ethnicity (Fall 2015)

FG Female 57.24%

Male 42.48%

Not FG Female 50.36%

Male 49.17%

FG Not FG

Asian/Pacific Islander

37% 44%

Black 3% 3%

Hispanic 39% 9%

White (non-Hispanic)

9% 21%

International 10% 20%

Our Definition: First-Generation Students

Who are UCI’s FG students? •  Neither parent has a 4-year degree from a U.S. college or university •  Parent(s) may have attended some college, or not at all

Image from h"p://quotewit.blogspot.com/2014/01/graduaPon-‐quotes.html

Characteristics of FG Undergraduates

•  More academically at-risk •  Speak less in class, volunteer less for presentations •  Interact less with faculty •  Participate less in campus activities •  Make fewer friends •  Have a reduced sense of belonging •  Have lower self-efficacy and self esteem •  Suffer more from “imposter syndrome”

Challenges of FG Undergraduates

•  More likely to graduate from lower-performing schools •  More likely to work full time or have competing family

responsibilities •  More likely to live at home •  Less likely to know how to study well; more likely to

study alone •  More likely to be a non-native speaker of English •  Lack 18 years of family and friends orienting them

toward college culture & how to get there

UC Campuses’ 2015 percentage of FG students

Merced River-side

Irvine Santa Barbara

Santa Cruz

Davis Los Angeles

San Diego

Berke-ley

ALL

FG 72 55 51 44 44 43 36 35 28 42

Not FG

27 43 46 53 53 54 61 63 70 55

Interactive 2000-2015 http://universityofcalifornia.edu/infocenter/uc-enrolls-diverse-pool-undergraduates

UC Irvine’s FG Faculty Initiative

•  Based in the Div. of Undergraduate Education •  Promotes FG faculty to identify themselves to their students •  Encourages FG students to use support services •  Raises positive awareness about UCI’s FG students •  Holds 2 lunch workshops/yr

•  Oct 2015: Challenges FG undergrads face in the UC, how they fare, roles faculty mentors can play

•  April 2016: How to develop lessons that support FG academic success in a culturally competent manner

UC Irvine’s FG Faculty Initiative

Image: Screenshot of h"p://universityofcalifornia.edu/news/5429/first-‐generaPon-‐students-‐hear-‐faculty-‐who-‐have-‐been-‐there

Image: Screenshot of h"ps://news.uci.edu/feature/bridging-‐the-‐first-‐generaPon-‐gap/

UCI Libraries FG Focus Group: Advertising

UCI Libraries FG Focus Group (April 2016)

•  5 UCI FG students •  2 transfer students •  3 freshmen

•  Questions & Conversations: •  Library use? •  Quality of experience? •  Remote access? •  What do you wish you knew about the Libraries that

you now know? •  What puzzles you about the Libraries?

Survey Used in Focus Group

UCI Libraries FG & International Student

Outreach Committee •  6 members for 2016-2018 •  Report to AUL for Public Services •  Plan library outreach programs and instruction activities

that emphasize: •  information literacy •  research skills •  confidence in using library services and collections

•  Continue recurring outreach and programming with key campus units

Workshops and Instruction to…

•  Student Outreach and Retention Center (SOAR) •  Summer Academic Enrichment Program (SAEP) •  International Students Transitioning to

Educational and Personal Success (I-Steps) •  International Student Excellence Programs/

International Peer Groups

Future Partnerships

FG1Q Challenge Connect with Student Support Services (campus office) Personal Librarian Program

Publicity

Image: Screenshot of h"p://www.nyPmes.com/2015/09/17/upshot/californias-‐university-‐system-‐an-‐upward-‐mobility-‐machine.html

Image: Screenshot of h"p://www.nyPmes.com/interacPve/2015/09/17/upshot/top-‐colleges-‐doing-‐the-‐most-‐for-‐low-‐income-‐students.html

Publicity

Does the UC System use Affirmative Action? No. Not since 1997.

Image: Screenshot of h"p://projects.dailycal.org/affirmaPve-‐acPon/

“...Dr. Gillman grew up in North Hollywood and was a first-generation college student.”

Image: Screenshot of h"p://chancellor.uci.edu/about/index.html

Support of Leadership

Image: Screenshot of h"p://chancellor.uci.edu/engagement/monthly-‐messages/2016/160615-‐monthly-‐message.html

Information Seeking Behaviors of First-Generation College Students:

A Multi-Institution Study

National Diversity in Libraries Conference UCLA 2016

Stacy Brinkman, Miami University Josefine Smith, Dickinson College Jennifer Natale, Miami University

Overview

•  Introduction •  Campus Comparison •  Methodology/Timeline •  Survey Design •  Initial Findings •  Future Projects

Precedent Study (2012)

Brinkman, S., Gibson, K., Presnell, J. (2013). When the helicopters are silent: The information seeking strategies of first-generation college students, presented at the ACRL National Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 2013

Qualitative study: Everyday life information seeking successes or failures may impact academic information seeking behaviors

Photo: “GraduaPon” by taz_k/CC BY 2.0

Campus Demographics

Miami University •  Public University •  16,387 Undergraduate/

2,520 Graduate students •  120 Undergraduate

programs •  47% live on campus •  Student to Faculty Ratio:

17 : 1

Shippensburg University •  Public University •  6,050 Undergraduate/

1,050 Graduate students •  100 Undergraduate

programs •  34% live on campus •  Student to Faculty Ratio:

20 : 1

Photo: “King Library” by Zawackae/Public Domain Photo: h"p://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-‐colleges/shippensburg-‐university-‐3326/photos

Project Formation

Survey Creation

IRB/Sampling

Data Collection •  Lit review

•  Team formed •  Validated

instruments •  Q’s based on

qualitative data

•  MU: random sample (2000) + oversample of FG

•  Shippensburg: sent to population

•  Fall 2014 •  Spring 2015

Timeline/Methodology

•  Information seeking perceptions (4 questions) •  Information seeking behavior (20 questions) •  Library use (1 question) •  Library Anxiety Scale, modified (10 questions) •  IL Self-Efficacy Scale (16 questions) •  Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (54 questions)

Survey Design

Which of the following best describes you? 1.  Neither of my parents attended college 2.  At least one of my parents attended college, but none

graduated 3.  At least one of my parents graduated from college 4.  Other (please describe)

First Generation?



“First Generation Narrow”



“First Generation Broad”

Variable Miami (n = 303)

Shippensburg (n = 207)

Gender Female = 68% Male = 30%

Female = 73% Male = 27%

First Generation (narrow)

14% 30%

First Generation (broad)

27% 51%

Year 1st/2nd year: 43% 3rd year +: 57%

1st/2nd year: 43% 3rd year +: 56%

Respondent Demographics

Information Seeking Perceptions

How much do you agree with the following statements?

(Scale of 0 to 10)

Miami Mean

NFG, FG

Shippensburg Mean

NFG, FG I know who to turn to if I have

questions about college 8.31

8.27, 8.54 8.28

8.36, 8.13

Other students around me know more about college than I do

5.53 5.49, 5.78

5.39 5.38, 5.44

People on campus are helpful when I ask them questions

7.61 7.54, 7.95

8.18 8.24, 8.08

It is difficult to navigate the system in college

5.19 5.18, 5.29

5.01 5.11, 4.68

Findings: Info Seeking Perceptions

Info Seeking Behavior: Academics

Miami Shippensburg Parents 3.2 3.0

Friends 4.0 4.0

Other Relative 2.5 2.5

Professor 4.3 4.5

Academic Advisor 4.0 3.9

Resident Advisor 2.5 2.2

Librarian 2.4 2.6

Learning Center 2.3 2.9

Supervisor/coworker 2.5 2.5

Find it on my own 3.5 3.7

Other 2.5 2.1

How likely are you to seek

help about

academics in college from….?

(scale = 1-5)

FG and NFG scores combined

Not First-Gen First-Generation Professor: 4.3 Professor: 4.3

Friend: 4.0 Advisor: 4.1 Advisor: 4.0 Self: 3.6

Self: 3.5 Friend: 3.3 Parent: 3.4 Other: 2.9 Work: 2.5 Librarian: 2.8 RA: 2.5 Other Relative: 2.7

Other Relative: 2.5 Learning Center: 2.6 Other: 2.5 Work: 2.5

Librarian 2.3 RA: 2.4 Learning Center: 2.2 Parent: 2.1

Ranking of most likely

sources of academic information

at Miami

University (scale = 1-5)

Not First-Gen First-Generation Professor: 4.5 Professor: 4.5

Friend: 4.0 Advisor: 4.1 Advisor: 3.9 Friend: 3.8

Self: 3.6 Self: 3.8 Parent: 3.3 Learning Center: 2.9

Learning Center: 2.8 Librarian: 2.6 Librarian: 2.5 Work: 2.6

Other Relative: 2.5 Other Relative: 2.5 Work: 2.5 Other: 2.4 RA: 2.2 Parent: 2.2

Other: 2.0 RA: 2.1


sources of academic information

at Shippensburg


Info Seeking Behavior: College Life

Miami Shippensburg Parents 3.1 2.8 Friends 4.4 4.3

Other Relative 2.8 2.6 Professor 2.5 2.6

Academic Advisor 2.4 2.5 Resident Advisor 2.8 2.7

Librarian 1.8 1.8 Learning Center 1.7 1.8

Supervisor/coworker 2.6 2.6 Find it on my own 3.4 3.5

Other 2.5 2.1

How likely are you to seek

help about

college life from….?

(scale = 1-5)

FG and NFG scores combined

Not First-Gen First-Generation Friend: 4.5 Friend: 3.7

Self: 3.3 Self: 3.6

Parent: 3.2 Other: 2.9

Other Relative: 2.8 Professor: 2.7

RA: 2.8 Advisor: 2.6

Work: 2.6 RA: 2.6

Other: 2.5 Other Relative: 2.5

Professor: 2.4 Work: 2.3

Advisor: 2.4 Parent: 2.2

Librarian: 1.7 Library: 2.0

Learning Center: 1.7 Learning Center: 2.0


sources of college life information

at Miami


Not First-Gen First-Generation Friend: 4.5 Friend: 4.0

Self: 3.5 Self: 3.5

Parent: 3.0 Professor: 2.9

RA: 2.8 Work: 2.8

Other Relative: 2.7 Advisor: 2.8

Work: 2.5 Other Relative: 2.5

Professor: 2.5 RA: 2.5

Advisor: 2.4 Other: 2.3

Other: 2.0 Parent: 2.3

Learning Center: 1.6 Learning Center: 2.1

Librarian: 1.6 Librarian: 2.1


sources of college life information

at Shippensburg


Contrary to expectations: •  FG students more likely to seek

information from “official” sources •  FG students NOT more likely to

seek information from friends •  FG students do not report feeling

less secure about information seeking

Take-Aways

Photo: “So Pred…” by LexnGer/CC BY-‐NC 2.0

•  Do FG experience different levels of library anxiety than their peers? •  How about academic self-efficacy?

•  Does Library Use predict… •  Academic Self-Efficacy? •  Information Literacy Self-Efficacy? •  Information Seeking Behavior?

Future Projects

Thanks

Photo: “THANK YOU!!!” by Willard/CC BY-‐NC-‐ND 2.0