11

Center for

Semiconductor PhysicsIn Nanostructures

Outline: NSF Site VisitToday • Welcome (Provost Bob McMath)• Director’s Overview (Johnson)• IRG-1: Collective Properties of Nanostructure Arrays

(Salamo)• Lunch with Graduate Students and Post-docs• IRG-2: Mesoscopic Narrow Gap Systems

(Santos/Murphy)• Education Activities (Mullen)• Diversity Strategic Plan (Murphy)• Seed Projects (Johnson, Zou)• Poster Session

Tomorrow • Industrial Outreach and Other Collaborations

(Santos/Johnson/Peng)• Facilities Overview and Lab Tour (Johnson/Salamo

Outline of Director’s OverviewRationale for the CenterThe Setting: Universities of Oklahoma and ArkansasHistoryIRG1: Collective Properties of Nanostructure ArraysIRG2: Mesoscopic Narrow Gap SystemsFacilities and PersonnelSeed ProjectsCollaborationsEducational and Industrial OutreachManagement and Budget

Rationale For The CenterScientific RationaleIRG1-Collective Properties of Nanostructure Arrays

To achieve control over nanostructure arrays to exploit collective interactions between individual units providing the basis for new optical and electronic materials.

IRG2- Mesoscopic Narrow Gap SystemsTo utilize the unique properties of narrow bandgap materials to address the need for higher speed operation, denser memory, and increased functionality for nanoscale electronic and optical devices.

Broader ImpactEducational Outreach

To encourage inquiry based learning for the improved understanding of K-12 science and to promote materials science at the undergraduate level, graduate level, and to the general public.

Workforce development and Industrial OutreachTo promote careers in materials science, enhance minority participation in science, spin-off new small businesses, and assist industry; thus sowing the seeds for the economic development of the region and country.

The Universities

UA: Flagship Research University

Students: 17,000Research and Training Expenditures: $116M

OU: Flagship Research University

Students: 22,300 Research and Training Expenditures: $210M

UniversityPopulation: 2.7MPopulation: 3.4 MState

ArkansasOklahoma

US Center and Nano-Activities

Potential for Large Regional Impact:• Industry• Education

History of C-SPIN

Awarded a MRSEC in 2000Previous IRG1: Nanostructures: Growth, Characterization and BehaviorPrevious IRG2: Nanoscale Interface and Magneto-electronic StudiesAwarded (renewed) a MRSEC in 2005IRG1: Collective Properties of Nanostructure ArraysIRG2: Mesoscopic Narrow Band Gap Systems

Low-Temp Magneto-Transportin Narrow Bandgap Materials

Quantum & Nonlinear Optics in Bulk Crystals, High-Tc Superconductors

In Ga Al-As Sb (InSb-related); IV-VIs, and

Ca/BaF2 on Si

In Ga Al-P As, (InP though InAs); Metals and Ferro-

Electrics

Research Traditions

Self Assembled Monolayers

ColloidalSynthesis

MBE Growth of Materials with in situ SPM Characterization

The Cast for CenterOklahoma Arkansas

Physics and AstronomyLloyd Bumm, Chemistry Expt.Ryan Doezema, Expt. –Dept ChairMatthew Johnson, Expt.Kieran Mullen, TheorySheena Murphy, Expt.Michael Santos, Expt. E. Phys ChairXincheng Xie, Theory (OSU)

Electrical & Computing EngineeringPatrick McCann, Expt.Zhisheng Shi, Expt.Rui Yang, Expt.

Chemistry and BiochemistryRon Halterman (SEED)Roger Frech (SEED)

Christie Wilson, Outreach CoordinatorJeremy Jernigen, Clean Room ManagerJoel Keay, Research ScientistBruce Mason, Science EducationTetsuya Mishima, Research Scientist

Physics Laurent Bellaiche, TheoryHuaxiang Fu, TheoryJaili Li, Biophysics Expt.Greg Salamo, Expt. (joint EE)Surendra Singh, Expt.Min Xiao, Expt. (joint EE)Jacques Chakhalian Expt.

ChemistryXiaogang Peng, Expt.Z. (Ryan) Tian, Expt.

Electrical EngineeringOmar Manasreh, Expt.

Mechanical EngineeringMin Zou, Expt. (SEED)

John Schultz, Analytical LabMourad Benamara, Electron MicroscopyGay Stewart, Science EducationKen Vickers, Research Professor

IRG1: Collective Properties of Nanostructure Arrays

• Nanostructure fabrication– MBE Growth– Colloidal Chemical Growth– Templated Fabrication

• QD Array Applications– Optical– Electronic

• Quantum Ring Array

• Ferroelectric Dot and Rod Array– FE Fabrication– FE Array Studies and Applications

50 nm50 nm

Goals of IRG 1

To refine and apply a host of fabrication techniques to synthesize ordered arrays of nanoscale dots, wires, rings, and shells and to exploit their collaborative behavior.To combine these techniques with modeling capabilities to understand, predict, and tailor properties, such as, excited state lifetimes, refractive index, ferroelectric coefficients etc. for important technological applications.

C-SPIN Advantages– Wide variety of growth/fabrication approaches– Close theoretical support – Optical, SPM and TEM expertise

Growth &Characterization

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0.00.30.60.91.21.61.9

Gz (

eÅ2 )

Layer

64K

768K

IRG1 Research Team

Linear & Nonlinear Behavior

• Lienau (Phys) – Collaborator• Mortazavi (HBCU) - Quantum Optics• Salamo (Phys) – Nonlinear Optics• Segev – (EE) – Collaborator• Stegeman – (EE) – Collaborator• Xiao (Phys) – Quantum Optics• Christodoulides (EE) – Nonlinear Optics• Shih (Phys) - Collaborator

Theory & Modeling• Bellaiche (Phys)– Ab Initio Computation• Fu (Phys)– Ab Initio Computation• Mullen (Phys) – Condensed Matter Theory

Physics, Chemistry, & Engineering

• Chakhalian (Phys) - Laser MBE• Manasreh (EE) – FTIR, PL, Raman • Johnson (Phys) - Template, TEM• Peng (Chem) - Colloidal nanoparticles• Salamo (Phys) – MBE III-V, STM

transient optical & electrical• Tian (Chem) - Colloidal

Nanocomposites

Vertical & Lateral Ordering of a 3D stack of Quantum Dots

Arkansas Growth & AFM Oklahoma TEM &

German X-ray Arkansas, Oklahoma, &

German Analysis

AFM images of surface for various (In,Ga)As/GaAs QD superlattices grown on GaAs(311)B where the GaAs spacer layers varies from 30 to 240 MLs.

IRG2: Mesoscopic Narrow Band Gap Systems

Molecular Beam Epitaxy of narrow gap Molecular Beam Epitaxy of narrow gap materialsmaterialsSpin related experiments and associated Spin related experiments and associated theorytheory–– SpinSpin--relaxation optical measurementsrelaxation optical measurements–– SpinSpin--orbit transport experimentsorbit transport experiments–– Theory and modeling of spinTheory and modeling of spin--orbit devicesorbit devices

NarrowNarrow--gap electronic devicesgap electronic devices–– InGaAsInGaAs--based electronic device structuresbased electronic device structures–– HighHigh--mobility hole systemsmobility hole systems

NarrowNarrow--gap photonic devicesgap photonic devices–– IIIIII--V V InterbandInterband Cascade (IC) LasersCascade (IC) Lasers–– IVIV--VI infrared detectors and emittersVI infrared detectors and emitters

I

GG

C

B

I

GG

C

B

Goals IRG 2

Improved Narrow Gap Materials Improved Narrow Gap Materials MesoscopicMesoscopic Magnetic Field SensorsMagnetic Field SensorsFundamental Studies of Spin Effects in Fundamental Studies of Spin Effects in SemiconductorsSemiconductorsSpin and Ballistic Transport DevicesSpin and Ballistic Transport DevicesMid IR Sources and DetectorsMid IR Sources and Detectors

C-SPIN AdvantagesLeaders in InSb materials research: MBE, device Leaders in InSb materials research: MBE, device processing, transport properties processing, transport properties Proficiency in optics: SelfProficiency in optics: Self--induced transparency, induced transparency, coherent optics, ultracoherent optics, ultra--fast pumpfast pump--probeprobeExpertise in screened atomic Expertise in screened atomic pseudopotentialpseudopotentialcalculations and spincalculations and spin--transport theorytransport theoryLeader in Leader in InterbandInterband Cascade (IC) Lasers (Cascade (IC) Lasers (RuiRui Yang)Yang)

I

GG

C

B

I

GG

C

B

CHARACTERIZATION• STM, AFM, TEM, SEM• X-ray Diffraction• FTIR• Hall Effect

Mesoscopic Narrow Gap Systems

MBE GROWTH• InGaAs/AlInAs• InAs/AlSb/GaSb• InSb/AlInSb OPTICS

• Spin Lifetimes• Spin-Orbit Effects• Infrared Devices

FABRICATION• Photolithography• E-beam Lithography• Reactive Ion Etching• Surface Gates

THEORY• Screened Atomic Pseudopotentials

• Spin TransportTRANSPORT

• Quantum Confined Devices• Ballistic Transport Devices• EMR and µ-Hall Devices

Interband Cascade (IC) Laser

IC Laser tuned to detect CH4 & isotope ratios – a signature of life.

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)

JPL Tunable Laser Spectrometer

5600 5650 5700 5750 5800 5850 59000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

Wavelength (nm)

82K136mA

100K193mA

120K301mA

140K515mA

150K696mA

CW

150µmx1.86mm

Broad-area device lased cw mode up to 150 K near 6 µm, the longest attained, to date, for III-V IC diode laser. Elect. Lett. 45, 48 (2009)

Our latest, lases up to 121 K near 7.5 µm, Again the longest attained, to date, for III-V

interband cascade diode lasers.

Laser Design (Yang), Growth (Santos)Fabrication (Johnson and Yang)Testing (Yang)

Broad-area device

80 nmTEM image

Two Cascade Stages

Structure is complicated -more than 2000 epitaxiallayers, some a few atoms thick.

HiDEC:5"-Multichip Module Facility: wide range of fabrication/characterization techniquesMask AlignerBall Bonder

SPiFF: Fabrication for III-Vs Reactive ion etcher Mask AlignerBall and Wedge BonderNabity EBL

Optics SpecialistDevice/Fab. Specialist

Transport: Dewars, probe stations,Spectrum AnalyzerSpectroscopy: CW/Pulse Lasers 0.4 to 16 µm, time-resolved spectroscopy; Systems to enhance polarization, photon counting and UV capabilities

Transport: Dil./ 3He fridges, Spectroscopy: Cyclotron ResonancePL (0.2 - 5 µm)UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

Enabling

X-RAY: HRXD low-angle, Optical Microscopy, Hall Effect System, FTIR, PL, HR-TEM

Common to both institutions

Dual beam SEM-FIB, SQUID Magnetometer, NMRE-SEM, Confocal Microscope RamanUV-Vis-IR Spectrophotometer

SEM, UHV-XSTM, in-air AFM/STM, RT STMCharacter

-ization

MBE: III-Vs; AlGaIn AsP; nitride; AlGaIn As; Ferroelectrics Atomic H and AsB3 sources e-beam -magnetic-films, Ion etcher AFM/STM: E-Field HeadLT STM/NSOMSTM / SEM / AES

MBE: III-Vs, InSb related IV-Vs and Ba/CaF2As and Sb valved crackerse-beam/gas handlingAES XPSAFM/STM

Growth

UAOUFacilities

SEED: Supporting Emerging Disciplines

Selection CriteriaNew directions and disciplines - interdisciplinary, inter-campusSupport more junior faculty, especially MRSEC match positionsHigher riskChosen by Ex Comm

Current1. Nano-Textured Surfaces for Tribological Applications: Zou (UA

Mechanical), and Johnson (OU Physics).2. Characterization of Solid State Nanopore 3D Structure by High

Resolution TEM: Li, Benamara (UA Physics).3. Fundamental Studies of Model Molecular Plasmonic Devices: Bumm

(OU Physics), Halterman (OU Chemistry) 4. Ion Transport in Polymer and Organic Liquid Electrolytes: Frech,

Wheeler (OU Chemistry)

Relevant Regional Activities

OK/AR Collaborative Nano-Activities and Regional Research

• University of Alberta• University of Singapore• Université de Franche Comte (France)• Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin • Max-Born-Institut (Berlin)• Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (Berlin) • NTT and Tohoku Univ. (Japan)• Ioffe Institute (Russia)• IBM (Burlington)

Oklahoma• OSU (materials)• OU (polymers, genome)• Nomadics Inc. (sensors)• Frontier Engineering (sensors)• Eagle Picher (materials)• EKIPS & Phononics- McCann• NanoLight -Shi• SWeNT• Amethyst Research Inc.

Arkansas• UA (materials)• HiDEC (materials)• Genesis Technology Incubator• Integral Wave Technologies (passives)• Space Photonics (systems)• NN-Labs - Peng• Minotaur Inc. -Xiao

• Sandia/Los Alamos CINT• Quantum Dots• Kovio• Kodak• General Electric• IQE• Texas Instruments• Dupont• Naval Research Lab

Industrial and International Collaborations

2020

Nanoferroelectric RAM: C-SPIN/TI Collaboration

NSF/NRI Supplement to OU/UA MRSEC NSF/NRI Supplement: $ 50,000/yrMatch: $ 50,000/yr

Personnel– Greg Salamo, PI (UA) – MBE Growth, AFM Characterization– Matthew Johnson, PI (OU) – TEM Characterization– Laurent Bellaiche, (UA ) – Theory and Ferroelectric Material Design– Post-Doc and Grad. Students.– NRI Industrial Liaison Team

• Rick Wise, TI – Team Lead; Simone Raoux, IBM; and Uday Udayakumar, TI

Research Collaboration Areas• Critical field calculations – Matching theory with experiment• MBE growth of ferro-electrics • Strain measurement within a FRAM PZT Capacitor (TEM)• Theory: multiferroics, ferro- electric & magnetic rings, dielectric

susceptibility of nanostructures

International Collaborations

C-SPIN Student at NTT, Japan

• Santos and Murphy - NTT and Tohoku University (Japan)

– Visits to NTT by a faculty member, graduate student and undergraduate

– Visit to C-SPIN by an NTT scientist– Partially seeded by NSF East Asia

Program

• Salamo – Humboldt University• Johnson – Univeristy of Alberta,

National University (Singapore)

Education Outreach Ongoing Initiatives

Teachers (RETs):– Research in C-SPIN labs– Teaching resources developed

with Center personnel– Workshops for teachers– Teleconferenced exchanges

Undergraduates (REUs):– Research in C-SPIN labs– Visits to Industrial Labs– Teleconference exchanges

K-12 Students: – GK-12 KIDS outreach program– BEST robotics program– Classroom visits and lab tours– SeeS program

Graduate Students:– Teleconference courses– Graduate student/postdoc

exchanges

Education Outreach I

C-SPIN CommunityResearch discussions via internet Research discussions via internet video/video/teletele conferencing.conferencing.Seminar exchange.Seminar exchange.Sample exchange with internet Sample exchange with internet video conferencing followvideo conferencing follow--up.up.

Undergraduate Community

Education Outreach II

• REU Students.

• Research equipment used by REU and senior thesis students.

• Teleconferencing between REU sites.

• Novel teaching techniques.

Undergraduate excitement will bring us the next generation of researchers.

K-12 Community

Education Outreach IIITeachers:

Research in CSPIN labs.Teaching resources developed with Center personnel.Workshops for teachers.

Students: KIDS outreach program.BEST robotics program.Classroom visits and lab tours.SEES program.

Resources:Materials Science Kits.BEST manuals.

Long term sustainability of American science depends upon improving early experiences in school.

C-SPIN External Review Board(from Government, Industry, and Academia)

IRG1 Director(Salamo)

IRG2 Director(Santos)

Education and Outreach Director(Mullen)

Industrial Outreach Director

(Santos/Peng)

Director (Johnson)Associate Director (Salamo)

C-SPIN Executive Committee

C-SPIN Participants:(Scientists, K-20 Students , K-12 Teachers, Education faculty, Industry)

Michael Carolina, OCASTJohn Ahlen, ASTAMansour Shayegan, Princeton Moses Chan, Penn State

Luz Martinez-Miranda, MarylandRichard E. Slusher, now Georgia Tech Charles Chalfant, Space Photonics Colin Cumming, Nomadics Inc.

External Review Board

Management

Responsive to changing needs through SEED

Meetings and Seminars Bi-weekly tele-conferencing sessions for Executive Committee.Weekly tele-conferencing between close collaborators.Center-wide/IRG-wide meetings for PIs, grad students and postdocs.– C-SPIN: Once per year– NSF Visit, Ulrich Strom May 39, 2006.– 14th SIMC Conference, May 15-20, 2007.– 3-4 October, 2008 (Dr. Strom, NSF)– 24 March, 2009 (Board of Visitors)

Seminars– Ryan Tian to OU (March 2008)– Jak Chakhalian to OU (Oct 2008)– Greg Salamo to OU (Oct 2008)– Kieran Mullen to UA (March 2009)– Yearly NRI-TI meeting at UA.

Budget

38% Institutional Match (1 to 2.6)– Funds for Administration including support for management.– Shared experimental facilities.

+ New technical positions at OU and UA.

Summary Table of Budget$0 $1,000,000 $2,000,000 $3,000,000 $4,000,000 $5,000,000 $6,000,000

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2

3

4

5

6

7

Summary Table of Budget$0 $1,000,000 $2,000,000 $3,000,000 $4,000,000 $5,000,000 $6,000,000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

OU/UAMatch3.7 M$

NSF 9.8 M$

IRG-1

IRG-2

Shared Exp. Facil.

SEED

E/H Resources

Outreach

Admin.

OU/UA Related Nano-Activities

Oklahoma• Physics and Astronomy REU• Engineering Physics Program• OK NanoNet (OU, OSU and TU)• NSF- GK-12 with Engineering• NRI-funded TI Collaboration on

Ferro-Electrics

Arkansas• µ EP (NSF- IGERT)• Innovation Incubator (NSF- PFI)• µ EP, Chemistry, & Physics REUs• NSF- GK-12, K-12 I Do Science (KIDS)• BEST Robotics Inc.• NRI-funded TI Collaboration on Ferro-

Electrics

Existing efforts impacted by C-SPINFunding leveraged by C-SPINFunding based on C-SPIN

C-SPIN is responsible for a culture change at OU and UA

C-SPIN ImpactPublications (Cumulative for this award)

Primary MRSEC Support 121Partial MRSEC Support 116Shared Facilities 19

Patents 3

Start-up Companies: 4

REU 16 students/yr

RET 8 teacher-summers /yr

M.S./PhD. (2006-2008) 28 Total (9 Female, 2 Minority)

Cover imageCover image::

Outline of Director’s OverviewRationale for the CenterThe Setting: Universities of Oklahoma and ArkansasHistoryIRG1: Collective Properties of Nanostructure Arrays– Pertinent Achievements and Proposed Research

IRG2: Mesoscopic Narrow Gap Systems– Pertinent Achievements and Proposed Research

Facilities and PersonnelSeed ProjectsCollaborationsEducational and Industrial OutreachManagement and Budget

Outline: NSF Site VisitToday • Welcome (Provost Bob McMath)• Director’s Overview (Johnson)• IRG-1: Collective Properties of Nanostructure Arrays

(Salamo)• Lunch with Graduate Students and Post-docs• IRG-2: Mesoscopic Narrow Gap Systems

(Santos/Murphy)• Education Activities (Mullen)• Diversity Strategic Plan (Murphy)• Seed Projects (Johnson, Zou)• Poster Session

Tomorrow • Industrial Outreach and Other Collaborations

(Santos/Johnson/Peng)• Facilities Overview and Lab Tour (Johnson/Salamo