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2009 H1N1 Influenza A Virus

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What is 2009 H1N1 (swine flu)?2009 H1N1 (sometimes called “swine flu”) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people.This virus was originally referred to as “swine flu”because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine) in North America. But further study has shown that this new virus is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. Scientists call this a "quadruple reassortant" virus.

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Antigenic Shift

Bird Flu

Swine Flu

Human FluHuman Host

H1N1 Virus(new)

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Signs and symptomsSymptoms of novel H1N1 flu in people are similar to those associated with seasonal flu.

• Fever • Cough • Sore throat• Runny or stuffy nose • Body aches • Headache• Chills • Fatigue• In addition, vomiting (25%) and diarrhea (25%) have been reported. (Higher rate than for seasonal flu.)

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How Does H1N1 Spread?

Droplet (e.g. coughing, sneezing, speaking)

Contact (touching a contaminated surface)

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Human-to-human transmission of H1N1 Influenza A predominantly occurs through direct droplet transmission (Usually within 6-10 feet). People may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose (moist mucous membranes).Airborne transmission may occur with influenza viruses, but is not felt to be the primary mode of transmission. It is most likely to be of concern during aerosol generating procedures, such as intubation, suctioning, bronchoscopy, nebulizer treatments, or similar hospital or health care facility associated procedures. There is no evidence to date of widespread airborne transmissionas can occur with TB or chicken pox.Infected people may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop & up to 7 or more days after becoming sick.

How Does H1N1 Spread?

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PathSource Receiver

Administrative Engineering PPE

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Facemasks

“Facemasks” refers to disposable facemasks cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as medical devices. This includes facemasks labeled as surgical, dental, medical procedure, isolation, or laser masks.

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Respirators

“Respirators” refers to N95 or higher filtering face piece respirators certified by the CDC/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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What is the Difference Between a Face Mask and a respirator?

RespiratorReduces exposure to airborne particlesSeals tightly to the faceNeeds fit testing

Face MaskReduces airborne particles from being expelled from the wearerDoes not seal tightly to the face (leaks around the edges)

EHS&RMEHS&RM*No NIOSH approvals are held by this type of disposable particulate respirator.

Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particlesP100

Filters at least 99% of airborne particlesP99*

Filters at least 95% of airborne particlesP95

Oil Proof

Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particlesR100*

Filters at least 99% of airborne particlesR99*

Filters at least 95% of airborne particlesR95

Oil Resistant

Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particlesN100

Filters at least 99% of airborne particlesN99

Filters at least 95% of airborne particlesN95

Not oil resistant

DescriptionRatingOil resistance

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Facemasks and Respirators

In community and home settings, the use of facemasks and respirators generally are not recommended. However, for certain circumstances, a facemask or respirator may be considered, specifically for persons at increased risk of severe illness from influenza.

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Consider temporary reassignment. Respirator

RespiratorCaring for persons with known, probable or suspected 2009 H1N1 or influenza-like illness

Occupational (health care)

Facemask/respirator not recommended but could be considered under certain circumstances

Facemask/respirator not recommended but could be considered under certain circumstances

2009 H1N1 in community

Facemask/respirator not recommendedFacemask/respirator not recommendedNo 2009 H1N1 in community

Occupational (non-health care)

Facemask/respirator not recommendedFacemask/respirator not recommendedOther household members in home

Avoid being caregiver. If unavoidable, use facemask or respirator

Facemask/respirator not recommendedCaregiver to person with influenza-like illness

Home

Avoid setting.If unavoidable, consider facemask or respirator

Facemask/respirator not recommended2009 H1N1 in community: crowded setting

Facemask/respirator not recommendedFacemask/respirator not recommended2009 H1N1 in community: not crowded setting

Facemask/respirator not recommendedFacemask/respirator not recommendedNo 2009 H1N1 in community

Community

Persons at increased risk of severe illness from influenza (High-Risk Persons)

Persons not at increased risk of severe illness from influenza

(Non-high risk persons)

Setting

CDC Interim Recommendations for Facemask and Respirator Use for Home, Community, and Occupational Settings for Non-Ill Persons to Prevent Infection with 2009 H1N1

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Facemask preferred, if available and tolerable, or tissue to cover cough/sneeze

Breastfeeding

Facemask preferred, if available and tolerable, or tissue to cover cough/sneeze

Non-health care setting

Facemask, if tolerableHealth care settings (when outside of patient room)

Facemask preferred, if available and tolerable, or tissue to cover cough/sneeze

Home (when sharing common spaces with other household members)

RecommendationSetting

CDC Interim Recommendations For Facemask Use For Persons Ill With Confirmed, Probable, Or Suspected 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) To Prevent Transmission Of 2009 H1N1

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What Can I do to Keep From Getting the Flu (Influenza)?

Wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

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