ABAP Overview

page * R/3 Structure

page * Land Scape System1. Single Land scape - All 3 layers integrated

2. Two Land scape - Database and Application layers are integrated.

3. Three Land scape - All 3 layers are separated

page * VarietiesR/2 is mainframe systemR/3 is client server systemR/3 may be two or three tiered client server3 tier is recommended

page * R/3 ArchitectureHardwareSystems SoftwareR/3 MiddlewareBASISR/3 Applications

page * SAP Architecture

page * System Platforms

page * What is 3-Tiered?3 Functional AreasPresentationworkstationsApplication Logicsmall boxesData Managementlarge box

page * Varieties of Client ServerNamePresentationApplicationDatabaseCentralised System2 Tier System3 Tier SystemNOTE: a truly distributed system may distribute the database; the processing of an application or processing of presentation calculationsMainframe with terminalsMainframe with intelligent terminalsMainframe or MiniHigh End WorkstationPC or NC

page * R/3 Middleware: Interfaces to Systems SoftwareDatabaseOperatingSystemPresentationR/3DBInter-faceOS InterfacePresInter-face

page * R/3 MiddlewareClient serverUses underlying relational databasesORACLESQL ServerIngressSybaseIts Graphical User InterfaceSAP GUI

page * BASIS Components BASIS LayerR/3 Application Components(Logistics, Accounting, HR etc.)Database LayerOperating System / HardwareABAP Workbench

page * Application LayerDispatcherR/3 Work ProcessesDDialogVUpdateEEnqueueBBatch (Background)MMessageGGatewaySSpool

page * Database LayerConsists of a relational database (Oracle, Informix, DB2 etc.)Every work process makes a connect to the databaseCommunication between Application Layer and Database Layer is on Open SQLTable Types in the SAP Transparent Tables (1:1) relation with the RDBMS Data Dictionary Table Pools Table Clusters

page * SAP InstanceEvery SAP installation must have a Central InstanceThere can be multiple dialog instances (application servers) but never more than one central instance in a R/3 systemAn R/3 system can have only a single database which belongs to that system.

page * SummarySAP R/3 isClient Server3 TierPresentationApplicationDatabaseRelatively hardware and database independent

SAP R/3 offerscomprehensive suite of integrated applications meeting the needs of most business best practice process designability to configure toindustry sectorunique business requirements

page * What is ABAP ?ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming and is the proprietary language / environment of SAPSAPs standard business content is developed using the ABAP workbench

page * ABAP/4Advanced Business Application Programming - 4 th generation Language.

ABAP/4 is the backbone of SAP R/3.

All the R/3 applications and parts of Basis system were developed in ABAP/4.

page * ABAP Cycle

page * When you login to a SAP serverthe following screen appears

page * Enter the user name & password

page * Data Dictionary1. TABLES2. DOMAINS3. DATA ELEMENTS4. VIEWS5. DATA TYPES6. STRUCTURES7. SEARCH HELP8. LOCK OBJECTS

page * Types of Programs

Report programs- Basic List- Interactive List- ALV SAPScripts Smartforms Dialog Programming User Exists

page * Testing & Analysis ToolsSQL Trace

Run Time Analysis

Extended Program Check

page * DATA TYPES AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES

page * ABAP Key WordsDeclaratives (DATA,.)

Events(AT)

Control (IF,...)

Operational (WRITE,)

page * EventsBasic ListINITIALIZATION.AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON input.AT SELECTION-SCREEN.START-OF-SELECTION.TOP-OF-PAGE.END-OF-PAGE.END-OF-SELECTION.Interactive ListTOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.AT LINE-SELECTION.AT USER-COMMAND.Dialog ProgrammingPBO (Process before output)PAI (Process after input)POV (Process on value request)POH (Process on help request)

page *

HIDE TECHNIQUE- HOTSPOT- GET CURSOR FIELD < FIELD NAME>

MENU POINTER - SET PF-STATUS < LITERAL>

FIELD SYMBOLS.Additional Features

page * Control Break Statements

AT FIRST . ENDAT

AT NEW . ENDAT

AT END . ENDAT

AT LAST . ENDAT

page * ABAP DebuggerBreak Points- Stop the execution of the program at a specific pointWatch Points - Stop at a specific value for a fieldSingle Step (F5)Execute (F6)Return (F7)Continue (F8)

page * SUBROUTINES

Methods:CALL BY REFERENCECALL BY VALUECALL BY VALUE AND RETURNSyntax:PERFORM USING/CHANGING .

FORM USING/CHANGING ENDFORM.

page * DIALOG PROGRAMMINGValidation Types:Automatic field checksField level validationsModule level validations

Screen Types:Normal screenSub screenDialog screen

Controls:Table controlStep loopsTab strips

Thank you

Example: From ABAPDOCUSAPMDEMO_TRANSACTIONScreens-> complex->Table control Screens-> complex->Step loopsScreens-> complex->Tab strips