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PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FOUMD I N A I R AT HANFOFD PLUTONIUM FABRICATION FACILITIES

B. V. Andersen . Radiological Development and Calibrations

SeptembeT 12, 1963

Prepared f o r Presentation a t Seventh. Annual Western

Indus t r i a l Health Conference San Francisco, California September 27 and, 28, 1963

Work Performed Under Contract NO. AT(45-1 )*I350 - \ Bebeen T h e Atomic Energy Cornmisfon

&ui General Electric Company This document is

RADIATION PROTECTION OPERATION HANFORD LABORATORIES

HANFORD ATOMIC PRODUCTS OPERATION Richlond, washington

G E N E R A L E L E C T R I C

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

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63 HW- SA- 3197

PARTICLE: SIZE DISTRIEUTIOM FOUND I N A I R AT HAITFORD PLUTORISM FABRICATION FACILITIES

B, V. Andersen

hAiol.ogica1 Deyselo-pent and Calibrations Radiation Protect i o n Operat ion.

HANFOFD LABORATORIES

The conventional sampling methods of f i l t r a t i o n and impaction a re generally u t i l i z e d i n t

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HW- SA- 3197

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FOUND I N A I R AT HANFORD PLUTONIUM FABRICATION FACILITIES

Plutonium and plutonium recycle research and development s tudies a re

pr inc ipa l prodiuxs of the Hanford Atomic Products Operation. Each day,? l a rge

quant i t ies of plutoniun: and plutonim-containing materials a r e processed a t

t he Hanford f a c i l i t i e s , This processing is conducted i n l a rge sealed c e l l s

o r processing hoods.

f o r pos i t ive containment. of p l u t a n i m mater ia ls a t a11 t imes,

work with plutonium materials i s performed remotely; however, maintenance

and spec ia l prccesses do require t h e use of rubber hood gloves o r p l a s t i c

ports f o r spec i f i c operatioris In general, these methods of handling

Radiological design and engineeTing features provide

In general,

p1uton:i.m have proven t o be highly sa t i s f ac to ry ,

i n hood sea l s occasiocally result i n minor amounts of plutonium being released

t o the bui lding atmosphereo The very s t r i c t controls required on the concen-

t r a t i o n of plut~onium i n breathing"' a i r and the very small maximum pern iss ib le

body burden o f plutoniun, a s shown i n Sl ide 1, require t h a t a dependable a i r

Glove ruptures o r f a i l u r e s

sampling program be conducted i n plutonium processing a reas .

adequate protect ion and, i n fact , t o evaluate the consequences of plutonium

re leases t.0 the breathing a i r , %lm-w~@ analysis of plutonium a i r samples i s

r e quire d

To assure

The current HanfGrd studies include a development program t o provide a i r

sample evaluation by character iz ing plutonium p a r t i c l e s izes and s i z e d i s t r ibu t ions

a s found i n breathing a i r ,

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A i r Sampling and Evaluation Xethods - The r:xitine air sampling program a t %inford consis ts of cen t r a l vacuum

systems .t;d.th su f f i c i en t capacity t o ssmple from 5 t o 10 CFM of room a i r through

4 inch 3 ~ - 4 iach or 4 inch >y 8 inch Bol:.l.ngsworth and Vose Type 70 asbestos-

based f i l t i e r psper ,

o f interest , on an eight-hour basis t o as long as a weekly bas i s ,

several. thousand such a i r samplers operated continually a t Hanford.

f i l ters provide t h e main. source of a i r sample materLa2. on which par t ic le -s ize-

anal.yse6 sre .made a f t e r cases of acate exposure t G a plutonium aerosol .

few l x a % i * o n . s judged t o be of grea ter ir;terest o r greater po ten t i a l hazard

based upon work a c t i v i t i e s , t he f i l t e r used i s 8. 4 inch by 4 inch o r 4. inch

by 8 Lnzh membrane-type f i l t e r ,

p a r t i c l e s i z e d e t e d n a t i o n work,v espsc ia l ly f o r e lectron microscope viewing

of p a r t i c l e s

The collerltiora f i l t e r s a r e chafiged according t o the degree

There a r e

These

In a

This membrane f i l t e r i s more anenable t o

A l l a ther a i r sampl.ing methods di.scussed a r e u t i l i z e d only i n spec ia l

studi e8 and are not rout ine ly Qperated

Cascade Impactor

The cascade-t,ype impactor sample vas used extensively a t Hanford t o

character ize p a r t i c l e s i r e s i n s tack e f f luen t systems and t o check ef f luent

monitoring system ef f ic ieEcleso However, it. - i s not used i n t h i s study and

i s only mentioned here as a co l lec t ion device t h a t can be u t i l i z e d .

A k e t z aerosol spectrometer(') is curren t ly used a t Hanford t o characterize

small p a r t i c l e diamet,erso "he Caetz spectrometer process o f separating the

p a r t i c l e s from the air-borne s t a t e IS based upon the appl icat ion o f high

centr i fugal forces t o a continuous laminar flow of t h e aerosol under conditions

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which cause the f a l l o u t of pa r t i c l e s t o follow Stokes' law. The flow i s confined

t o one pal.r o f identical. h e l i c a l channels of rhomboidal cross-section on t h e

periphery of a conical ro tor ; the ax is of the rot.ation coincides with t h a t of

the hel.ix. The a i r flow enters t he channels near the t o p and leaves a t the

wide end of t h e ro tor . The outer surface of the he l ix channel i s the place

where t h e air-auspended pa r t i c l e s a re deposited. A f o i l o r f i l t e r paper i s

placed on t h i s outer surface t o co l l ec t t h e p a r t i c l e s . "he spectrometer i s

capable of co l lec t ing pa r t i c l e s i n a spectrum fashion from about 4 microns i n

diameter down t o about 0.025 microns i n diameter when t e s t e d w i t h monodisperse

l a t e x s p k r e s of un i t demity. .

Royco Pa r t i c l e Counter

A Royco Pa r t i c l e Counter PC-200-A i s used t o s i ze non-radioactive p a r t i c l e s

i n various buildirag atmospheres e t Halzford. Aerosol p a r t i c l e s a r e passed i n a

stream through the sensing region of the opt ica l system, This region i s intensely

illiuciinat,ed by means of a l i g h t source,

l i g h t , a f r ac t ion of which proceeds tG a photomultiplier tube, E lec t r i ca l s igna ls

Pa r t i c l e s entering it s c a t t e r - i n c i d e n t

from the photomultiplier tube appear i n the form of pulses which are,related t o

p a r t i c l e s i zes .

and is not dependent on p a r t i c l e density. The iristrument i s su i tab le f o r dust

counting i n clean rooms m d other dust counting appl icat ions. J, M e Selby has

previously r e p ~ r t e d ' ~ ) results obtained with t h i s instrument, and a dust p a r t i c l e

d i s t r ibu t ion curve from h i s report i s shown i n S l ide 2.

The instrument has a p a r t i c l e s i z e range from 0.3 t o 8 microns ,

This type of inst.aunentation i s not of use i n plutonium p a r t i c l e s i z e

analysis because there a re in su f f i c i en t plutonium psrtfcrles i n breathing a i r

even a t m a x i m u m permissib1.e concentrations t o y i e ld s ign i f i can t p a r t i c l e counts.

mcms1 PIlEB - 4 .- Hw- SA- 3.191 --

This s m p k r cannot d i f f e ren t i a t e 'net,.weer?_ 12ist and ~2.utoni.u11 pa,%-tfcl,ea

comparison between the plu%cniurn m.imm. pera iss ib le concentration En a i r and

the .nimbes of pa r t i c l e s requi.r$d per cubic foot to prodirce %his zoncentraticn

is sh.um in Sl ide 3.

A

substances ori .the n.embrane f i . l t a r tend t o obscure ths p1u-bofi.i.m. p a r t i d e and

make t.he determination of parti .cle s i z e dfstribu+,ion very d i f f i c u l t and time

consuming Several mi.crogx.apbs a re shcm i r , Slide 4

In the upper micrographs, it is aFparerit. t h a t the paxzc lea seer: a r e n o t

plutonium oxide s ince no alpha t racks are seen i n t h e second micrograph which

has the m c l e a r t r ack emdsion present. In t he lover-righi? -micrograph, t he

alpha t racks a re present but t he mny small, partAclea seem , to have vanished,

They my have been dislocat.ed during the filI.xlng pmcess"

appear t o be related t o the s ing le lag%

The ;al.pha t racks

rnicrm) partl,c,:,ed 'Ihe raua.ber

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of dis integrat ions seen re la ted t o the f i lm exposure t imesindicates t h a t t h e

pa.rt icle Been i s probably a pure h 0 2 p a r t i c l e .

Autoradiographic Exaairiation of A i r F i l t e r s

The 4 inch by 4 inch o r 4 inch by 8 inch asbestos type f i l t e r s used

routinely, supply a source of a i r samples t h a t represent the normal and abnormal

i n plutonium a i r concentrations. If these a re not u . t i l ized, spec ia l sampling

i s required t o obtain materials fo r analysis . It i s extremely unl ikely t h a t

a special. sample would be taken when an uexpec ted release of plutonium. t o

breathing a i r occurs. For these reasons,, the generally accepted method of

autoradiographing the f i l t e rs was employed t o get a measure of t h e p a r t i c l e

s i z e d i s t r ibu t ion . In t h i s method,, previously reported by I ~ a r y ' ~ ) , t he f i l t e r

i s exposed t o nuclear t rack film and the number of t racks counted on a micro-

scope f o r each p a r t i c l e detected, The plutonium p a r t i c l e s i z e can then be

calculated by assuming a p a r t i c l e densi ty fo r t h e radioactive mater ia l of

concern. The major l imi ta t ions t o the method a r e s e n s i t i v i t y and t h e tedious,

time consuming, t.rack counting, Since p a r t i c l e s o f all s i zes a re d is t r ibu ted

randomly on the f i l t e r paper, an exposure time e x i s t s beyond which t h e t racks

from l a r g e r p a r t i c l e s tend t o obscure the smaller ones. A p rac t i ca l range of

s i zes for detect ion of plutonium oxide spheres by t h i s method seems t o be

from 0.1 micron t o 10 microns.

Film exposures of each f i l t e r t o t.he nuclear t r ack f i l m was performed i n

successive s teps w i t h times of 12 mmutes, 120 minutes,1,200 minutes, and

12,000 ninutes employed. Each film s l ide was examined microscopically and

A t h e t racks counted foP those pa r t i c l e s which produced between. 5 and 50 t racks

on the f i . l m . This data 'was then u t i l i z e d to ca lcu la te t he plutonium oxide

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p a r t i c l e diameter.

p lu ton im oxide with a density of 11.46.

It was a s s u e d t h a t the pa r t i c l e s were spherical pure

Radiomicrographs of the alpha t racks

for some typ ica l pa r t i c l e s a r e seen in Slide 5 .

The alpha t r ack photGs shown represent exposure t3ne of 120 minutes9

1,200 minutes and 12,000 minutes for typ ica l areas o f one a i r sample It

i s obvious t h a t counting the - ~ r a ~ l r s present i n some case6 would be d i f f i c u l t

because of t h e i r l a r g e number and t h e overlap between alpha t racks from

neigjn5orilig paut ic ies

Re su.l t , s

The p a r t i c l e d i s t r ibu t ion data i s presented as a plot of the cumulative

perwritage of number of partic1,es up t o various st,a.ted s izes against diameter

on logarithmic probabi l i ty paper.

dus ts , m i s t s o r smokes.

determination of the geometric mean diameter quickly and the geornetric standard

deviation can be calculated

A s t r a i g h t l i n e :is usual ly found f o r most

This p lo t , as shown by Drhke r and Hatch(51 permits

The mass mean diameter was determined by a s imi l a r p lo t of radioactive

corrt3entp which i s d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t c mss f o r pure Pu02, against diameter.

The geornetric standard deviatior?. i s t h e same f o r mass mean & m e t e r and count

mear, diameter.

centage of pa r t i c l e s and radi0activit .y i n t h e varioxs diameter groups examined"

A bar graph i s also shorn f o r each sample comparing the per-

The first air sample r e s u l t s shown i n Sl ides 6 and 7 m e from a routine

a i r sample taken when a can containing plutonium oxide powder was opened and

a v i s i b l e puff of powder was d js t r ibu ted throughout a It i s seen i n

t he i l l u s t r a t i o n t h a t t he count mean p a r t i c l e diamecer was a b m t one micron

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with a considerable number of pa r t i c l e s i n the 1 t o 1 0 micron diameters present,

The mass aean diameter i s 6.3 microns.

on t h i s f i l t e r prevented detect ion of any pa r t i c l e s below 0.5 microns although

there were probably a s ign i f icant number present

The number of l a rge p a r t i c l e s present

Results from another sample a re shown i n Sl ides 8 and 9 . Tne a i r sample

analyzed 'was a routine a i r sample taken when a s m a l l . plutonium f i r e occurred

i n a hood,burning the hood gloves su f f i c i en t ly t o re lease some plutonium oxide

t o t h e room.

!?&e l o g normal p lo t indicated a count mean p a r t i c l e diameter of about

0.4 microns which i s considerably smaller than observed for t he plutonium

powder puff and with no pa r t i c l e s detected l a r g e r than about 4 microns.

t h i s case although t h e majority of t h e pa r t i c l e s a r e of the smaller s i zes , t h e

r ad ioac t iv i ty i s s t i l l found t o be mostly i n la rger -s ized p a r t i c l e s , The mass

mean diameter i s 1.5 p.

In

The p a r t i c l e s i z e d is t r ibx t ions shown i n Sl ides 10 and 1L were taken from

a rout ine a i r sample t h a t indicated a high plutonim. a i r concentration f o r no

known reason. It i s noted t h a t t he count mean p a r t i c l e dianeter fyom t h e prob-

a b i l i t y p lo t i s about 0.15 microns with t h e maximum p a r t i c l e diameter detected

o f about 2 microns

found i n t he r e l a t ive ly minor number of l a r g e r p a r t i c l e s present.

The majority of the rad ioac t iv i ty i n the sample still, is

The l a s t t yp ica l p a r t i c l e d i s t r ibu t ion i s presented i n Sl ides 12 and 13.

This a i r sample was taken i n an exhaust duct a f t e r t h e hood a i r was f i l t e r ed

by two high eff ic iency Cambridge type f i l t e r s but before f i n a l f f l t . r a t ion and

re lease t o the atmosphere,

a b i l i t y

@ The count mean p a r t i c l e 'diameter from the pmb- p lo t i s about 0.24 microns w i t h 99 per cent of t he p a r t i c l e s less

UNCLASSI FIE3 - 8 - HW-SA- 3197

than about 0.9 microns i n diameter. In t h i s case, the hood i s used f o r b a l l 63

mil l ing plutonium oxide, s iz ing t h e powder and then ‘tlending it w i t h o ther

mater ia ls i n the development of various reac tor fuel mater ia ls .

loading on. t he f i rs t absolute f i l t e r i s qui te high. These results a re shown

Thus, t h e

t o emphasize t h e need f o r several f i l t r a t i o n s teps i n . hood systems when exces-

s ive ly contaminated atmospheres e x i s t . It would a l sc appear t h a t the presence

o f an absolute f i l t e r o r two does not give one f r e e l icense t o c rea te highly

contminated atmospheres within a hood

The few examples shown are believed t o be typ ica l of ,the pa r t i c l e - s i ze

d i s t r ibu t ions found i n the rout ine a i r sampling program i n our plutonium metal

fabr ica t ion and experimental f a c i l i t i e s . FuPther s tud ies will be conducted on

rout ine a i r samples involving o ther mixtures o r compcunds of plutonium such a s

plutonium carbide and plutonium and iiranium oxide mixtures.

Goetz Spectrometer and Autoradiographic Pa r t i c l e Size Deternination

Preliminary work on applicati.on of +,he Goetz spectrometer t o determine

p a r t i c l e si.ze o f pU02 i n breathing a i r WGS performed. S h c e f i02 has a

dens i ty of 11.46 and t h e spectrometer is calibyated u l . t h u n i t densi ty l a t e x

spheres, the ac tua l s i z e range t h a t t he spectroFeter w i l l co l l ec t i n a

dispersed fashion i s considerably smaller3than.the c&.l ibrat ion minimun?. of

0.025 microns A t a b l e compari.nq p a r t i c l e diameter for materials of several

dens i t ies i s shown i n Sl ide 14 . b. t h e Goetz spectromster, the €3-102 par t i c l e s

i n a pure s t a t e should be removed and d is t r ibu ted along t n e path length with

pa r t i c l e diameters from 0.005 microns t o about 2 microns e

Unfortunately, there i s one more complicating fcc tor t h a t should be

considered i n the Pu02 p a r t i c l e s i ze d i s t r ibu t ion s o t h a t result.s can be

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applied t o the resp i rab i l i t>y of p a r t i z l e s . This is t h e question of whether t he 63

PuO2 p e r t i c l e i s ac tua l ly t ravel ing by i t s e l f o r whether i t may be at.tached t o

a dust. o r other foreign p a r t i c l e present i n the a i r e.tream. Lmg exposure auto-

rad ioqaphs of zhe Goetz spectrum w i l l permit us t o loca te ?,he path length of

t h e p a r t i c l e and provide one with an estimate of t h e apparerit Stokes diameter.

Then t r ack counting techniques should eriahle us t.0 dete.mine the apparent r e a l

diametw based upon a spherical p a r t i c l e of pure PuO;!. Fpom these measurements,

one should be able t o log ica l ly deduce whether o r nott the plut,onium oxide p a r t i c l e

i s i n f a c t t r ave l ing by 1teei.f or attached t o a forejgn p a r t i c l e ,

cur ren t ly i n progress and w i l l he reported i n t h e Li te ra ture when complete.

type of analysis involves long term f i lm exposure and. tedious microscopic counting

of t racks .

t he smaller pa r t i c l e s of P U O ~ ~

!This work iis

This

FLlxti exposures f o r periods up t o 3 month€, may be required t o de tec t

. b o t h e r f i l m technique t h a t .Will be t r i e d on pa r t i c l e s of a s i ze v i s i b l e

under the niicroscope is t he use of a s t r ipp ing fiim muLsion applied d i r e c t l y

t o tk D.embrane f i l t e r material. The fila and fi l t .el- 8i:e thec haLdled 8 s a

uni2 with the f i lm development and examiriation of -the: alpha t racks and physical.

partic1.e under the microscope conducted with t h e filni and f i l t e r i n precise

alignment wlth each other . The result is t h a t t he alpha t racks can be assigned.

t o de f in i t e physical pa r t i c l e s and should pjeoTride a good indication. of t.he

s t a t e G f attachment of PuO2 So o ther aerosol partsicies. ,

be simf1,ar t o t h a t reported by J, T, Q l L ~ l i i n t he A.mei*l,can Indus t r i a l Hygiene

Journal

oxflinary dirt pa r t i c l e s presept on t h e f i l t e r compared ta t h e f e w radioact ive

p a r t i c l e s present.

by D o C, Stevens in H a r w e i l , &.gland.

m e method used will.

The major problen! with. th is method i s the sizei3b.le burden of ( 5 1

@ Simil.ar work with sass f i b e r fj:.l.ter paper was published

(5

UMCLASSIFIED - 10 -

Biological In%erest i n Par t i .de Size

The h t e s t , summry of t h e r e s p i r a b l l i t y and degclsition of pa r t i c l e s based

upon p a r t i c l e dfameter i s shclwn i n Sl ide l5> as presented by ,the National

Academy of Sciences i n a specie.1 report on "Effects of Inhaled Radioactive

!J!he current understanding o f pa r t i c l e re ten t ion is q u t e good down t o

partAc1.e diameters of about one ten th micron. EeLov t h i s diameter, t he

problem. vabj not, studied as ext.enf;ivel.y since the nethods of p a r t i c l e s i z e

analyses becam more exacting and d i f f i c u l t . The stndy of ac tua l 8.erosol.s

at Hanford i s designed t o eventually determine t h e cc is t fng s i z e d is t r ibu t ions

i n rout ine operation. These r e s u l t s can be ut i l ized. l a interpretat ion. of animal

experiments v l t h plutonium aerosols. The Hanford Biology Laboratories a r e

condu2ting s ign i f i can t experimentz of t h i s nsture,, mny o f which a re reported

i.n t he literati;.re (. They have cancluded t h a t par-tdcle s i z e and chemical ( 8 )

form cause marked differences i n the f a t e of t h e i.nl-.aI.ed p.l.utonim i n the

bodyo They alsc have shown %hat the r a t e of urir;ary. excret.ion of plutoei-m

i n dogs is quite dependent. upon the cha rac t e r i s t i c s of the inhaled plutonium

aeroaol

of pl.utofiium i n

Since t h e curreot ly accepted prac t ice of i .etemining body tu.rdens

i s based UPOR ur inary and f eca l excretion. ra-kes? fur ther

s tudies of t h i s type a rg needed..

Summary

The a i r sampling and par t ic le s ine evaluation methods and equipment were

described" The r e s u l t s prssen%ed indica te t h a t PuO2 p a r t i c l e s i ze in breathing

a i r is Y d i rec t function of the so1xc"e of t h e pa r t i c l e s . It i s shown t h a t in

a l l cases the great majority of t he t o t a l P u O 2 present 2 s found i n t h e larger

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8

,

- 11 -

diameter p a r t i c l e s . A11 of the Pu02 par t i c l e s examined were in the s i ze range

t h a t are respirable and deposit i n s ign i f icant quant i t ies i r i the l.migs /1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

(l- 1 Wximurn Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Ccnxzntrations of Radioruclides i n Air and i n Water for Occupational Exposure, Na+,ionai Committee on Radia-tiom Protection, National Bureau of Standards Handbock Noo 69 . eTvlrL~ 5, 1959.

( e ) ~%etz, A , , ar,d To Kallai , " I n s t m e n t a t f c n f o r Determinifig Size and Mass Distr ibut ion of Submicron Aerosols, Journsl , Vo7.. 12, No. 10" Octoberp 1962,

American. I'ollution Control Association

(3) Sel.by, J . M, DistrTbution of Pa r t i c l e Size Found irL BreathirLg Air a t Hanford Plutonium Fabrication Fac i l i t i e s , m-s~-2623 . June 12, 1962. (UNCLASSIFIED],

( I ? ) Leary, J, A , , "Papticle Size Determination on h d i o a c t i v e Aerosols by a d i o - autograph," Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 23, pp 850. 1954-

( 5 ) Drinker, P o , and T o F. Hatch, Indus t r ia l Dust, 2nd Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc New York. 1954.

( 6 ) Quan, J, T., "A Technique f o r t h e Radioautography Gf Alpha-Active Aerosol Particles on Miilipore F i l t e r s I' American Industri a i Hygiene Journal pp 61-65 Febmayy 1959.

(7 Stevens, D , C , : Location and Examination of Alpha Active Airborne Dust P m - t i e l e s Collected on Glass Fiber F i l t e r Paper, (UNCLASSIFIED).

AERE1-M-989 Janmry, 1962

( 8 ) "Effects of Irihaied Radioactive Par t ic les , I' Nal.icroai Acsdemy of Sciences - National Research Councii Publication 849

(9) Hmford Biology Research Annual Report f o r 1962: HW-?60OO1 Sx+af'f of Eiol~gy Laborat-ory, January 15 1963

{ i 0 ) Iangham, W, "Deteraninstion of In te rna l ly Deposited Radioactive IsotrJpes frcm Excretion Analyses, ' I American Indus t r ia l Hygiene A s s x i a t i o n QuarterQ, VoL l',' pp 305. 1956.

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

n

Isotope

m-239 ~ a - 2 2 6 sr-90

HW- SA- 3197

SLIDE 1

Character is t ics and L i m i t s For Selected Radionucl id tg l )

Half Life Tphys . %io1 .

A i r MPC uc /cm3

40 hour week *

24,000 yrs. 175 yrs . 2 10-l3 1,622 2 -5 3 x 10-11

28 16 3 x

MPBB , PC

0.04 0 .1 2 .0

UNCLASSIFI XD

.. I'

Slide 2

102

101

100

10-1

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 234-5 BUILDING

0 Corridor (Night) A Lab Areas and Corridors (Day)

0.1 1.0 10

Particle Size (Microns)

m

=> 0

m

Q, a

.rl l-i V

I 1 I

0

d

8

d

AE

C-C

L R

ICH

LA

ND

. WA

SH

.

i

P

0

0 '5 z 0 Y 0

/. '

SLIDE 6

Pu02 Par t i c l e Distr ibut ion F r o m Air Sample Taken During Release of Cloud of Pu02 Powder

Diameter In Microns * CMD- Count Me an D i m e t e r MMD-Mass Mean Diameter

ag- Standard Deviation

rJY a, 3

$r 2 c, d a, u k d

I

I \o

I

I

I 3

I

rl

I I

Id

I

9

0

I 1

c

99.9 99 08 99 06

99 98

95 90

80

60

40

20

5

3

Pu02 Par t ic le Distr ibut ion From Air Sample Taken During Pu-239 Fire In Hood

.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 i3 .g i .o 2.0 3.0 4.0 5 6 7 8 g .1 Diameter In Microns * 0 - C o u n t Mean Diameter

-MMD-Mass Mean Dimeter ag-Standard Deviation

a, I+

a

8 $; m

I I I I

I - I @ Lt I I r- I 1 I'

I I I

I

I M

0

I

Il

ll

ll

ll

ll

ll

:I

II

lI

o

m3

M(

\t

r

i 0

0

0

0

0

\o

In

3

M

iu

ri

SLIDE 10

Pu02 Particle Distr ibut ion From Room A i r Sample Plutonium Metal Fabrication Building

* 0 - C o u n t Mean Diameter Diameter In Microns

MMD-Mass Mean Diameter ag-Standard &viat ion

I I I I

L

I

e

I 1

1 I

J I I

I 1

I 1 I I

SLIDE 12

PuOz Par t ic le Distr ibut ion From A i r Sample Taken In Ventilation Duct Downstream From Two Absolute Filters

99.9 99 *8 99 $6

99

95

80

60

40

113

5

1 .1 .% 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 ~

* Diameter In Microns CrMD-Coul; Mean Diameter

MMD-Mass Mean Diameter ... ag- Standard Devia-t ion

k

8

I I I I I I I I :1__1 I

I I I I

I I

T I I

UNCLASSIFIED HW-SA-319"j'

SLIDE 14

Equivalent Pa r t i c l e Diameter f o r Si02 and Pu02 Compared With Unit Density

Mate r i a l

Density (gkm3) 1.00 2.60 11.46 - - e - - ----------------I-

Diameter (p) 0.010 0 0073 O @ 0044 0.025 0 018 0 e 011 0.050 0.036 0.022

0.50 0.36 0.22 0 910 0 * 073 0 e 044

1 e o 0 0.73 0.44 4.0 2 " 9 1.8

UNCLASSIFIED

Deposition

(per Cent

of M

mle

d Material)

I 1

I I

I I lI

1 1

I I

I I

1

H

0

d-

m P

i?