1939 - periodicals - california highways and public...

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CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC WORKSOfficial Journal of the Division of Highways of the Department of Public Works, State of California

FRANK W. CLARK, Director C. H. PURCELL, State Highway Enginezr J. W. HOWE, Editor K. C. ADAMS, Associate Editor

Published for information of khe members of the departmenk and the citizens of CaliforniaEditors of newspapers and others are privileged to us¢ matter contained herein. Cuts will be gladly loaned upon requesk.

Address communications fo California Highways and Public Works, P. O. Box 1449, Saarem¢,ito, California

Vol. 17 FEBRUARY, 1939 No. 2

Table of G'ontents

Cover Page—A. Section of State Highway No. 78 Between Julian and Descansoin San Diego County. Winding Road with Sharp Curves and SteepGrades. Realignment Is Deferred Because Funds Are Not Available.

Page

$28,066,102 Total Available Funds Budgeted for Major Highway Projectsin 91st-92nd Fiscal Years_______________________________________1

How California's Gas Tam, Motor Vehicle Fees, and Federal Aid DollarIs Divided ----------------------------------------------------2

$30,286,000 Estimated Cost to Modernize Roads in District XI (Illus-trated) -------------------------------------------------------3-5

B~ E. E. Wallace, Distr4ct Engineer

Ray Bridge Terminal in San Francisco Dedicated______________________6

Interior Views of Bay Bridge Terminal Building______________________7

Photographs of Bay Bridge Plaza Showing Trolley and il7otor VehicleFacilities----------------------------------------------~-------

Group of Officials Participating in Dedication Ceremonies_________ _____9

Pacheco Pass Realignment Deletes 31 Curves, Steep Grades________.____lUBy Jno. fi. Skeg~s, Distrdct F,n~ineer

Views of Pacheco Pass Construction Operations______________________11

Photograph of Pacheco Pass Culverts Under Construction_____________12

"Highways of Tomorrow" Theme of Road Builders' Convention in SanFrancisco--------------------------------------------------13

Tabulations of. Major Projects Allocations Budgeted for Next Biennit~tn_14-17

Divided Highway Through Selma Opened____________________________18B~ E. T. Scott, District E~ti~i~aeer

Pictures of Channelization Islands and Divided Nigh«gay in Selina_____19

Pinole Grade Crossing Project Presents Difficulties____________________'?OB~ E. L. Walsh, Assistc~~xt CoNtstruetdnn Engineer

Pictures of Pinole Realignment and Grace Crossii7g Operations________`?1

Snow Plows Kept in Communication by Radio________________________2`?B~ T. A. Dean%s, Mai~titen¢nce Engineer

Photos of Radio Equipped Snow Plows in Action___ _'.'3

Nicaragua and Mexico Express Appreciations of Highway Magazine_.__24

Monthly Report of Division of Water Resources______________________25

Highway Bids and Awards_________________________________________27

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o ab2 7 02 T to va e8 066 0un s for a or i wa~ g 1/

s D t 2 earsPro ec~s u ri n ex~ gRECOMMENDATIONS for al-

locations to major projects inthe biennial State highway

budget for the 91st and 92d fiscalyeaxs, July 1, 1939, to Jane 30, 1941,as submitted to Governor Culbert L.Olson by Director of Fublic WorksFranl~ W. Clark, total X28,066,102.

This amount will be available formajor highway projects constructed.throughout the State after statutorydeductions are made.The budget amount of $28,066,102

is allocated to 200 items or projectsof highway improvement as recom-mendecl by the Commission after ex-tensive studies and hearings on praj-ects totaling $144,000,000 for con-struction costs and urged by indi-vicluals and civic groups for inclusionin the Midget. These projects wouldhave entailed an additional cost of$20,00.0,000 for rights of way expend-itnres.

$52,000,000 "MUST" PROJECTS

Recommendations from the elevendistrict engineers and the BridgeEngineer of the Division of Highwaysfor incl.Llsion in the budget of whatwere considered ̀ `mList" projects forthe newt two years, totaled over $52,-000,000 for constrLiction only,. justabout twice the funds that will beavailable for this purpose.Preparation of the biennial pro-

gram presented other decided diffi-culties for several reasonsDamage to highways anc~ bridges

resLlltin~; from the storms of the 1937-1938 «inter will cost in excess of ~9,-500,000 to repair. In order to raisethis large ruin, it was necessary toborrow from maintenance funds, ab-sorb all betterment and minor im-provement funds and even to invadethe pro~;rammecl bttclget to the extentof over $2,300,000.

These latter ~robramined projectswere deferred by the Highway Cozn-mission with the understanding thatthey woL11d be replaced as soon asfunds became available. This bien-nial budget program, therefore, in-clncles projects totaling over $2,300,-000 carried over from the current

program for which the commissionwas obliged to provide..Another serious situation confronts

the State in the allocation of funds.This is the bridge problem. Throughthe addition to the State highway sys-tem of some 6800 miles of countyroads, by the Legislature in 1933, theState took over in excess of 1000bridges, many of which, built in theearly days, are of light construction,and inadequate for present-day loads.

BRIDGES REQUIRE $11,000,000

About 400 of these bridges havebeen posted for limited loads a,ndspeeds because they are structurally-inadequate to safely support legalloads. Many have reached the stakewhere reconstruction is imperative toassure a safe operation of vehicles.They are beyond maintenance opera-tions.

It is estimated that $11,000,000 isnecessary for reconstructing suchunsafe bridges within the next fev~ayears, and the State is faced with atotal expenditure of more than $30,-000,000 to replace ultimately all ofthese inadequate structures.

Revenues derived from the use fueltax or the Diesel tag assigized by stat-nte to this purpose, are far from stif-ficient to reconstruct those bridgeswhich are in immediate need of im-proveznent to prevent accidents. Itwas, therefore, necessary to make asLlbstantial allocation of State high-way fLlncls to such bridge projects.

STATE :MUST MATCT3 FEDERAL AID

A substantial part of the revenuesavailable for State highway construc-tioi~ are provided by Federal Aid ap-propriations made by Congress. 2p-propriations for the fiscal years 1.940and 1941, which include regular Fed-eral aicl applicable to projects on theFederal aid ~~stem, feeder roads, rail-road grade separations aizd Federallands routes, are considerably less thanin previolzs years. The amount avail-able to California for the next twofiscal years is nearly $5,000,000 lessthan in the preceding biennium.

These appropriations are Federalcontributions for special and definitepurposes to be distributed in accord-ance with Federal regulations a,ndover which the Federal governmentwill exercise final approval. They aretherefore limited in their applicationbut. in order to earn this material co~~-tribution to State highway construe-tion, allocation. of State funds tosnatch such Federal aid is necessary-and subject to the limitations imposedby the Federal regulations.

The entire sources of revenueavailable for the construction, main-tenance and operation of State high-ways to meet the situation set forthabove are

SOURCES OF REVENUE

1—The 3-cent gas tax from whichthe counties receive 1 cent, incorpo-rated cities, 2 cent, and the StateHighway Department 1z cents.

2—One-half the net revenues ofmotor vehicle fees after providingfor the maintenance of the Motor~Tehicle Department and CaliforniaF~:ghway Patrol.

3—The use fuel tax, or Diesel tax,available only for bridge construc-tion.

4—Regulax Federal aid appropri-ated for the fiscal yeaxs 1940. and1941 by Congress.

The estimated amounts from thesesources accruing to the State Higk~-way Department for the two-yearperiod are

Gas tax ___________$64,000,000Motor vehicle fees___ 7,600,000Use fuel tax________ 600,00Federal aid ________ 8,000,000

Total____________$80,200,000

These estimated revenues for the91st and 92d fiscal years ~nnst coverall activities devoted to the building;and operation of State higY~ways, in-cluding ac1_ministratioi~, construtction,maintenance,. eilbineering, both pre-

liminary and construction, better-ments and minor improvements, jointhighway districts, rights of way, con-tingency reserve, landscaping, main-tenance and operation of the SanFrancisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, andthe one-half cent apportioned to citieswhich the Highway Department is re-quirecl to pay out of its 2-cent shareof the gasoline tax.

LEGISLATIVE RF.STRICTIOATS

~111ocation of these revenues is madein accordance with the ti~~rioiis pro-visions of the le~;islati~~e enactmentrequiring distri-bntion to thenorth and southsections of t h eState, to primaryand secondary yhighways, to ✓"'cities, to joint ~ 4~%r~ ;.~.,highway districts, ---~~~~"•• t1a,nd other funs- '" ~~~~ "~ ~tions mentioned ~~H~ "~-.`y ~,,,,,,,,.1above. ~ ,.

Administration ., ~~""'Y ONE ,,..... expenses include ,w:::"'~"' Anthe general act- ?'°

"f %% MOTa ministrative op- ~-- ..,e r a t i o n of the '~~~~~~~aheadquarters of- ;fice of the Divi- ''"' `•lion of Highwaysin Sacramento, ,, ~•~-, ''e l e v e n highway `~~~~ ONE~~district offices, Y~:'~`,.and the Bride ~„~~~~''• ~ ~(CDepartment. Ad- e~~~ticlitional expendi- %F ,Qr y~„ ~i~.Lures made man- •y~~~,....clatory on the :.,,,//~ /Division of Hiah- '~,,~/~''wa5~s in the sup- ✓ '~port of o t h e rdepartments andfunctions includethe Departmentof Public Works,the total expenseof highway plan-nin~ —surveysmade during the biennium, as well asstatutory contributions to the StateController, Department of Finance,State Treasurer, and Attorney Gen-eral, which during the present bien-nium are estimated at $1,155,000.

road maintained it amounts to slight-ly over one dollar per day availablefor each mile.Under minor improvements, are

funds allocated to cover such items ofwork as short line changes, roadbedwidening, additional drainae struc-tures, and other small additions to theegistin~ facilities which, under thelaw, are not eligible for maintenanceexpenditures. Very few of the incli-vidual allocations for minor impro~~e-inent exceed $5,000.

Betterment funds are constrnctioufiords handled by the maintenance

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come entirely from State hi~hwa~-funds as the Federal Government will.not participate in this expense, 11siriany grade crossings are constructedin congested areas, an increase in thisexpense has been unavoidable. Theclemana for the establishment of so-callecl "freeways" in congested areasi°equires enormous expenditures coin-pared to coizstruction costs. In oneinstance on a project adjacent to acity in the San Joaquin Valley, farremoved from the metropolitan area,right of wa,~~ costs exceeded the totalcoustrtiction costs involved.

Administrationana special studticosts for the nextbiexinium are esti-mated at ~3,600,-000. Maintenance

~~~ of the highwaysis estimated at

~~~~,. $18,200,000, a n~tv'~~.r~p increase of nearly

/~~ $2,000,000 o v e r~~ ,~' ~~ ~. the past bieili~ium 5 ~~~ ~-;

'/'. ~, 'i/iirrd/~dtile to increasing/~ t~ ~. maintenance costs

E✓-~~~ restiltinb fro m' """ excessive damage

~~ ~jpY ~P'%-~'~ w ~ to the highways'"'' aucl to the re-

TFF~AATION ~x~A~~~~~ c3uction of Fed- ~;;;;,,.•~ ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, oral aid ~ppor-

-• tionments. T h e%••:.. half-cent to cities

:',";;;"""H"' is estimated atyM~~~n,, $1.6,000,000. The

'~~°' ~~'°'~~~ total of t h e s e~~y""t, % °"~~~, , three items is

;~~ '°~~~°j $37,800,000, leav-%~"4~~~;"~~,~„% ing a balance of

~ available funds~•~~~~~"'y' for the o t h e r

"~N., ftmctions of $42,-400, 000.

Distribution ofthis $42,400,000for the variouspurposes pro-videcl by statuteto the north and

south coLmty groups and to primaryand secondary roads shows the finalamount available for major construc-tion projects to be $28,066,102.Prom this major constrLlctioii allo-

catioiz mList come funds to providenecessary work during atwo-year pe-riod on the 13,900 miles of State high-~;-ays.

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$1 PER MILE AVAILABLE

General maintenance covers thegeneral repair and Upkeep of the en-tire rural highway system for a periodof two years. When this figure isreclLlcecl to funds available per mile of

department, and, as in the ease ofminor improvements, prop ide for ad-clitions to the existing facilities whichcan not be oracle with maintenancefiuicls. This money is used for bl~nl~-etin~ shattered surfaces, reinforcingweakened bases, widening; and oilingshoulders, strengthening' «~eakei~.edbridges, and other miscellaueons typesof work.

Right of way expenditures inch~c~eright of way for grade crossing proj-ects c~ti State highways which must

VfTith regular Federal ail appor-tionments estimated at $8,100,000 for

(Continued on pale 17)

QTwo~ (February 1939) C~GLlZ f ornia Highways and Paeblac Works

$30 2 6,000 Estimated Cost to0Modernize Roads in District X0

By E. E. WALLACE, District Engineer

DISTRICT XI of the State Division of Highways withheadquarters in San Diego covers an area of 12,700square miles, extending over the. entire width of the

State of California along the southerly sixty miles or moreand includes San Diego, Imperial and the easterly portionof Riverside counties.The State highway system in District XI includes 3$6

miles of primary highways, 642 miles of secondary highwaysand 81 miles of city streets, totaling 1,1Q9 miles. The systemis improved to the following standards

Ynferior Adequate TotalKind Miles % Miles % Miles

Oiled earth roads______ 215 19.5 66 6.0 281 25.5Graveled roads with

light oiled surface___ 28 2.5 8 0.8 36 3.3Intermediate type _____ 208 18.9 77 7.0 285 25.9High type___.________.__*350 31.8 149 3.5 499 45.3

Total roads _________ 801 72.7 300 27.3 1,101 100.0Bridges ---------- ---------------- 8

Total highways and bridges__________________1,109

Recent developments in southern California. have resultedin rapidly changing conditions, with which highway devel-opment has not kept pace.The population in San Diego has doubled in each of the

last three Federal censLlses and the anticipated populationof the San Diego metropolitan area for 1940 is 240,000, asdeveloped by consulting engineers for the water develop-ment in San Diego County.San Diego has many natural advantages in climate, harbor

and recreational facilities, including many beaches andmountain resorts, seven State parks, twenty-seven county-owned parks, nine lakes, and the Palomar Observatory. Thefull use of these areas and the further development of thecoLintry are greatly restricted by inadequate or obsoletehighways.

Similarly, the development in Imperial and Rriversidecounties has progressed rapidly since the start was made—aboLlt 1910. Before that time the Imperial and Coachellavalleys were practically desert wastes, but in 1937 ImperialValley produced $43,000,000 worth of important agricultureand animal products, ranking first among all of the countiesin vegetable acreage, and third in total State production.Approximately 46 per cent of this production is moved tomarket by trucl~s over distances in excess of 100 miles..The early completion of the. All-American Canal will double

the irrigable lands and will place additional burdens on thehighway system.

Of the 499 miles of high type surfacing, 350 miles or 70% are obsoletebecause of poor alignment and grades, and inadequate width.

Tcp—U. S. 80, San Diego County, narrow, steep grade, sharp

curves. Center—U. S. 395, dangerous curves. Bottom—Imperial

Valley road lower than fields and roadside irrigation canals.

California Highways and Public Works Feb,-ua,-y r9s9~ QThree~

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Top—This picture of a section of State

Sign Route 94 in San Diego County shows

a narrow road with poor alignment and

hazards caused by inadequate slopes.

Center—Poor alignment and many blind

curves on this stretch of State Route 195

near Oceanside, San Diego County. Bot-

tom—One of many "dips," frequently

flooded, on State Sign Route 94. It exis4s

because there are no funds for a bridge.

U. S. Highway No. 80, entering theState through Yuma, is one of themain transcontinental highways a,ndis an all-year route over which a largepercentage of the foreign traffic entersCalifornia.In 1933, 642 miles of secondary

highways were added to the Statesystem within this district, and noadditional financing was provided foreither maintenance or improvement.In Imperial County, the additions

were practically all of very low stand-ard, unsurfaced and with inadequatebrides, It was impossible to use themafter rains, and heavy loss of crops oc-curred because of the difficulties en-countered. At other times the dustwas almost as objectionable as themnd.In view of these conditions and the

need for stiirfacing of the roads, apolicy was adopted of obtaining themaxin7um possible mileage of bitu.mi-nous treated surfacing with the lim-ited fiends available, and within threeyears all of the newly acquired roadshad been oil surfaced, providing sur-facecl highways which were dustlessand nluclless. But with this improve-ment, traffic on these roads has in-creasecl rapidly and in some casesover 300 per cent. It is no~v necessarythat the light surfaces be increasedin thickness and width and that theroadways be properly graded anddrained.The improvements which have been

made to the recently acquired second-ary roads have been financed fromthe 1~ cents State highway gas taxfund and the increase in mileagecaused by the addition to the Statesystem has resulted in the necessityfor spreading the funds available forconstruction and improvement over amuch greater mileage than was origi-nally contemplated.The secondary highways in San

Diego County are an inheritance fromthe county bond issues and they wereall located and graded prior to 1919.Highways planned for traffic twenty

~rebr~~ary i9s9~ California Highways and public works

Top—State Route 78, east of Ramona,

San Diego County. Poor alignment and

narrow pavement. Center—Route 187 in

Riverside County. This is only one of 82

"dips" as they exist today on the North

Shore Road. Bottom—Section of U. S.

Highway No. 80 in San Diego County.

Combination of poor alignment, steep

grade, narrow pavement and improper

passing, all of which result in high acci-

dent record.

years ago and for 30 miles per hourcars are obviously obsolete. At thattime the registration of motor vehiclesin San Diego County showed 13,622.In 1937, 107,086 vehicles were regis-tered here and San Diego Countyranks fourth in motor vehicle re~is-tration in the State.The primary highways are over-

crowded and improvements are notkeeping pace with the increase intraffic, nor with the rapid developmentin motor vehicles. The increase intraffic in 1938 on Route 12 between ElCentro and San Diego was 9 per centas compared with astate-wide increaseof only 3.3 per cent.Route 2 is the main coast high~~vay

on which improvements have beenconcentrated during; recent years anda good three- aild four-lane highwaywith 14.0 miles of divided roadwayshas resulted. The road is not yet ade-quate to handle the rapidly increasingtraffic now amounting to 10,000 carsper day.Floods occasionally block this main

artery, after which the only outlet tothe north is via U. S. 395, known asthe Inland Route, which is a very lowstandard road, inadequate to handleeven the normal traffic.

Congestion is occurring on themajor highway entrances to the cities,due not only to the increase in high-way traffic bLlt also due to the adja-cent roadside development which inturn retards traffic and increases thehazards.Rights of way become increasii2~ly

expensive as the adjacent territorybuilds up. Many of the secondaryroads a,re located on rights of wayonly forty feet in width, and delays inrelocatii~.g such highways and secur-ing adequate right of way widthsadd greatly to the ultimate expensefor this item which again reduces the.funds which might otherwise be avail-able for construction.Of the 491 structures in the dis-

trict, 108 are posted for restricted

(Continued on page 16)

California Highways Incl. Public

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Scene at official opening and dedication of San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Electric Railway Terminal Building in San Francisco.

~ p .eca d a ~r~ T rmi a e t d n e y ge e

WITH a few formal words ut- tered at the dedication cere-monies held in San Francisco

January 14, Director of Public WorksFrank W. Clark turned over to Lieu-tenant Governor Ellis E. Patterson,representing Governor Culbert L.Olson, the State-owned Bay Bridgeand State-built Bay Bridge terminalbuilding and electric railway, the firstrailway even to operate directly be-tween Sacramento, Alameda Countyand San Francisco.

Director Clark said,"LieLltenant Governor Pattersolz,

I, as State Director of Public Works,declare tke S~,n Francisco-0aklandBay Bridge rail facilities completedfor train operation and recommendacceptance by the California TollBridge Authority."

Lientenan~ Governor Patterson,

representing Governor Olson, who isChairman of the California TollBridge Authority, accepted the com-pleted facilities for the Authority andturned the use of them over to therailroads for operation. Mr. Patter-son said,``On behalf of Governor Culbert L.

Qlson, Chairman of the CaliforniaToll Bridge authority and memberof the Authority, your recommenda-tion is accepted and the CaliforniaToll Bridge Authority hereby assumespossession. "To the strains of "The Star Span-

~led Banner," anal "I Love You,Califori7ia," the National aiic~ Bearflags were then raised by the Cali-fornia Highway Patrol.In completion of the formal steps

necessary to tke occasion LieutenantGovernor Patterson then turned to the

railroad representatives present andsaid"In accordance with the agreement

between the California Toll Bridge1luthority and InterLlrban Electric,Ivey System, aid Sacramento-North-ern, Iformally place the use of theserailway facilities in the hands of rep-resentatives of the railroads here to-da3r. I am certain, gentlemen, thatit will be your policy to operate thesefacilities to the best interest of thepublic.A. T. l~Zercier, ~resicleiit of Iilter-

urban Electric ; Alfred J. Luz2clberg,

At Top—One of four passenger plat-forms on upper terminal level wheretrains on six tracks load and unload pas-sengers. Center—Mezzanine concourseenterc~ from street car ramp and groundfloor waiting rooms. Bottom—LowerBridge deck carrying train and trucktraffic.

~S~X~ ~Februa,~y iv39~ California Highways azz~l Public Works

president of Key System, and H.A. l~Ztchell, president of Sacra-mento-Northern, then formally ac-cepted the use of the. facilities fortheir companies.The ceremonies were held in front

of the newly completed terminalbuilding facinb l~'iissioi~ Street in SanFrancisco with illore than 100 cligni-taries from cities of northern Cali-fornia, Alameda and San FranciscocoLU7ties participating before a greatthrone of citizens who came to witnesst~~e epochal. event.The legal and essential ~or-

malities concluded, the programcontinued with a number ofnotable speakers.

` ̀ C. ~~. Purcell, Chief Eniiieer

of the Bay Bridge and its rail-way facilities, vas introduced

by Supervisor John Ii,atto ofSan Francisco, chairman of theSan Francisco citizen committeefor the celebration, acting aschairman of the day. Mr. Pur-cell was described by Mr. Rattoas "a man who has probably ac-complished more for the San.Francisco Bay Region as awhole in a shorter period oLtime t11an any single person"and "a man who has quietl~~shouldered tremendous respon-sibilities and who has executedthese responsibilities with greatskill ai~c~ amazing success. "

11Ir. Purcell said, "Into thisproject have gone the skill andexperience of the engineeringprofe~.sion—civil, electrical andmechanical. Great praise is duethe staff of engineers employedby the State Department ofPublic Works on design and inthe field. Also to Bridge Engi-neer Chai•I.es E. Andrew and toEngineer of Design Glenn B.~~oodruff, who «~vrked faith-fully, conscientiously, and ably,special praise is clue."appreciation is also dLie the

fine cooperation given by the Ameri-can workmen emplo~~ed on the pro-ject ; k~,y the contractors engaged in theconstruction of the. facilities and bythe railroads who will operate thesystem.

` ̀ To the Federal Government,through the Deconstruction FinanceCorporation, and to city and countygovernments thanks are given for theinvaluable aid given us."Mayor Angelo J. Rossi of San

Francisco welcomed the visitingMayors. Among those who spoke

briefly were Mayor T. ~. Monk ofSacramento ; Dr. William McCracken,Mayor of Oakland; Edward N.Ament, Mayor of Berkeley; Henry A.Weichart, Mayor of Alameda; OliverElls`vorth, Mayor of Piedmont; FarlDerry, Mayor of San Leandro.

Florence 112. McAulifFe, s~eeialcoL~nsel fir the Calif~riiia Toll FridgeAuthorit37, react a telegram of regre~from Jesse F. Jones, chairman of theDeconstruction Finance Corporation.The telegram, a~ldresse,l to CharlesI3. Purcell, said

Francisco, Oak]ancl and Gali-fori~ia. "

Ho«yard J. Klossner; a director ofthe Peconstruction Finance Corpora-tian, spoke for the Corporation; anc.~H. I;. Judah, chairman of the StateHighway Commission and member ofthe California Toll Bridbe Authority,gave a brief but impressii~e talk.Frank G. MacDonald, general presi-

clent of tl~e State Building and Con-s~rLlcti~iz Trades Council of Califor-nia, who was introclucecl by Director

~larl~, spoke on behalf of labor.The 1500 guests had been

broLlght to the ceremonies byIiey System and Saeramento-\orthern trains. Two six unitKey System trains left 22d anc~Broadway in Oakland at 10:30a.m., traveling smoothly overthe bridge and arriving at tieSan Francisco Terminal for theceremonies at 11:1 o'clock.liabor representatives, contrac-tors' representativa~, and civicofficials of Alameda and SanFrancisco counties were present.A Sacramento-\?orthern train,

oriinating at Chico, carriedma3~ors and distinguished guestsof the Northern Californiatowizs aloe ~ the ratite. Mem-l~ers of the State Legislature,who had been invited by Gov-ernar Olson to attend, wereamong the gue.~ts.

iVIore than 5,000 persons gath-ered in the plaza before thehandsome new Terminal tolisten to the ceremonies. Aftercompletion of the dedicationprogram the building was openedto the public for inspection.Thousands «pandered throughthe modern structure during theday and evening.

Operation and maintenance ofthe Bridge Railway is now inthe hands of the railways, aboard of governors havinb b; e_i

named by the railroads for man-agement of the facilities. Named~i~ere R, E. Hallawell, General Man-a~er of Interurban Electric; andWilliam P. St. Sure, Vice President ofthe Key System. F. E. Sullivan wasappointed Superintendent of theBridge Railway and Orman Lutz wasnamed Business Manager by theBoard.The construction chronology of the

Bay Bridge Electric Railway facilitiesis as follows

FP,AIVK W. CLARK

Director of Public Works

"I very much wish I could bepresent at the dedicatory cere-monies starting interurban serv-ice on the San Francisco-Oak-lancl Bay Bridge. Again I amreminded that the design andconstrLiction of this bridge is oizeof the outstanding engineeringfeats of our generation. It isbealttiful as well as being ofgreat service and will stand acredit to all who had part in thegreat achievement. I extendhearty congratulations to San(continued on page 28)

~E~ght~ Feb,-ua,-y i9s9~ Ce~lifornia Highways and Public Works

OFFICIAL GRfJUP—Left to right—Frank W. Clark, State Director of Public Works; Lieukenant Governor Ellis E. Pa#±ersnn; Mayor

William McCracken of Oakland; Mayor Angelo J. Rossi of San Francisco; John F. Hassler, City Manager of Oakland, and

C. H. Purcell, Chief Engineer of Bay Bridge and its railway facilities.

California Highways and Pacbdac Wor~'zs ~rebYUaYy i939~ QNinel~

i r~ nt c Pass Rea n e Pace ogt rades etas 31 arises ee ~ ~ p

By JNO. H. SKEGGS, District Engineer

THE N MME "Pacheco Pass" recalls to surviving pioneers amemory of long ago when In-

dians used to cross to and from thefertile i~alleys by a trail which ii7after years developed into a stageroad. This road became the routeof stages traveling bet«peen SanFrancisco aria New Orleans. Thestage route was along a short tollroad in eastern Santa Clara. Count~~which paralelled Pacheco Creek nearthe summit of the pass.

by Merced ai~cl Santa Clara coLln-ties, would have been to marvel atthe progress made in ease of trans-portai;ion. This couizty road servedthe area for many years until. theroute was included in tl~e State hibh-~vay system..The first inaderil road to be con-

structed by the State tivas e~iltirelyAver new rights of way in this samegeneral territor3~ of the farmer trailsand roads and vas built on standardsof construction ii1 accordance with

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clay-. The corresponding July countwas ].02Q and 592, respectively. Thisso encouraged civic bodies of adja-cent cities that the plea was soonmade for the State to pave the high-~5rav in order to alleviate the dust~vhic~ prevailed here and alongmangy of our cross laterals. Pavingoperations soon followed section bysection until the greater portion ofthe road «ias surfaced as a modernhigh~~ay.The annual increase in ~~ehiculai°

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~,`POSED ~~NMENT I

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~ ~,,j~`..~-~~ ~___' S.S.

~ ~ '° <o° _

f ~1 ~°° s~~~~ i

~'_ • ~ ~ ,

~~

Map shows old toll road along Pacheco Creek, the existing road, realignment under construction and the proposed realignment.

Reniauls Qf a~ old toll stationtivhich later became a house of shel-ter for the ~vear~r traveler of theearly 60's is all but destroyed. Thedements have gradually reelucedthis remnant until the present dayreveals little more than the stonemasonry foundation which is no~v afamiliar landmark to those whotravel this road between the Rayarea and the 1o~ver Safi JoaquinI~,iver Valley.To have ridden a stage over the

rough road of 1.856, as compared withthe first county road, later completed

the ear1~- activities of tke StateIIigh~uay Commission. The year192 saw the Pacheco Pose highwaygraded, surfaced `~~ith gravel, andopened to traffic. Motorists then hadtheir first. op~~ortunity to travel oventhe pass on a ne~v, modern moun-tain road in far• less dine than itvas possible to cover blot a fe~v mileson the pioneer road.

Earlti traffic counts taken by theState foll.o~vinb completion of the.first State high~~vay sho~~ed approxi-matel3~ a count of 300 vehicles for allecember Sundae and 187 for lIon-

traffic and the clevelol~ment of coin-merciaL carriers has steadily in-creased the flow of traffic overPacheco Pass until the traffic countof July, 193 r, indicated a Sunday vol-tiune of 2764 vehicles and a Mondaycount of 1611 vehicles. Heavy traf-fic of this volume over a relativelyne~v cross-state lateral throughsparsely settled country has openeda ne~v avez~Lle of fast transportationin central California.To modernize this route to present

day standards in order to cope withincreasinb heavy traff c there r~-

QTen~ ~FebrZ~a,-y i939~ California Highways and Public Works

View of construcicn operations on section of Racheco Pass realignment showing cuts and fills eliminating curves on upper level.

Several of the thirty-one sharp curves on Pacheco Pass mountain highway being eliminated by realignment project.

California Highways and Public Works Feb,-uary iv~9~ QEleven~

ed a six-mile sectioiz to be con-ted in District IV between thei fork of Pacheco Creek and thenit. Funds within the currentiium in the amouizt of $398,811sufficient to reconstruct the

Orly 2.6 miles of the incompletefile section. It is within thison that heavy grades and sham~ture prevail.

BI(i EXCA~~ATION JOB

remedy this condition a con-~vas recently awarded to Gran-Farrar &Carlin of San Fran-for reconstrnctin~ 2.6 miles ofway to be graded a normal roacl-of 36 feet and surfaced withel base and armor coat 22 feet~, the seven-foot shoulders to be'~ treated. The principal item ofcontract involves moving ap-imately 500,000 cubic yards of.vation. This together wit1135 other items of construction

sh include t~vo bridges and sixiuin-sized arches are the major!~ features.ie heavy work involved in theract extends over a period of«corking days and the tentativefir completion is set for early

~etober of the current year, after~h the many hazards and sharp~~s of the old road will beco~7ea memory.he great benefit to be gainedn this new 2.6 miles of road ispleted may best be visualized byparing the standards of the oldi the ne~v.

Old Highwway

gth _____________ 3.46 miles~1 curvature _____ 2,313 degreesof curves 39~imum racdius 100 feet~imum grade _ _ _ _ 7 per cent

I~Tew Highway

.gth ___________ 2.63 milesal curvature ___ 295 degreesof curves______ 8

iimt~m radius____ 850 feetximum grade _ _ _ 6 z per cent

t is readily noted that the ne«~hway will save .83 of a mile inLance in this short length of road,L tl~.at the total curvature is re-


wo of the six steel and concrete cul-

ts involved in the Pacheco Pass re-

~nment are shown under construction.

itract includes two bridges.

"H i hwa s o~ Tomorro~r" Theres~ yof Road Builders' Conventions in S. F.WITH GOVEPNOR Culbert L.

Olson participating in theopening sessions, the American

Road Builders association and theti'~estern ~ssoeiation of State Hi~~i~-way Officials, meeting conc~irrently inSan Francisco during "Constructio~iWeek," March 6-9, will foctiis the1939 highway spotlibht on the Exp~~-sition City.Mayor .Eingelo J. Rossi of Sari

Francisco; Frank W. Clark, Directoro~ Public tiVorks of Galiforni~, ;Thomas I3. MacDonald, Chief, U. S.Bureau of Public Roads ; Charles H.Purcell, California State HighwayEnbineer and representative of theAmerican Association of State Hig~~-way Officials ; H. G. Palmer, presidentof the associated General Contrac,-tors, and Murray D. Van Wa~one~~,president of the American PoadBuilders' association and State Coi7i-missioner of Highways of Michiga~iare also programmed as speakers.On March 7, the American Ro~,c~

builders and the Western Associationof State Highway Officials will holda joint meeting in the Civic Audi-torium ii1 San Francisco, conventioxiheadquarters. ether meetings to beheld concurrently during " Coilstru ~ -tion V6Teek" are those of the flsso-ciated General Contractors, Associ-ated Equipment Distributors and theCalifornia Association of County Sup-ervisors. These or~anizatioiis willhold joint fPatLUe meetings on Ttles-day and Wednesday evenings, March7-8, nn Treasure Island."The Road Builders' Convention

will be particularly ii7terestinm at thistime for its theme will be ̀ Hi~hwa~rsof Tomorrow,' "said Charles. M. Up-ham, Engineer Director of the RoaclBililders' Association. ``nur associ-ation has for some time been makinga stLldy for a national system of hi~h-ways to adequately carry present da~>traffic, sonlethin~ in the nature of ~~super-hi~hu~ay system."It is conservatively estimated that

if our present highway system couldbe modernized so as to incorporatenow known safety features, trafficaccidents would be reduced 50 percent. One highway aLlthority has

CHARLES M. UPrfAP/I

estimated as high as 75 per cent.Therefore, the program for `Hibn-ways of Tomorrow' will be of interestto everyone."Soil stabilization is a subject of

particular interest to highway officialsand two entire sessions of the pra-gram will be devoted to it—embracingsuch phases as : Stabilometer data iuthe design of flexible road surfaces ;the use of asphalt emulsions, calciumehloricte, cement, and tar in soil sta-bilization ; stresses in subgracle soilsilncler rigid type pavements ; stabili-zatioi7 principles in fill constrLlction,and new developments in equipmentfor soil stabilization."1~t the General Technical Session.

on Thursday iizorning, March 9, re-ports «gill be made on : Design. con-struction ~ncl heavy ~•radin~, clrain-age and other subjects of cLirreitinterest."The Safe Highwa3r Sessions will,

include reports on : analysis of acci-dent data ; hightivay intersections andgrade crossings; highway illu~iin~-tion ; skid resistant qualities of roact-way surfaces; alignment, grade and

right-of-way ; gLtarcl rail ; cross sec-tions and roadside development ;treatment of icy pavements and pLiblieeducation."Special sessions will be clevotecl to

problems concerning municipal offi-cials, county officials ai1c1 other spe-cialized groups."The High«gay Coiztractors Session

will include papers on fair trade prac-tices, P.W.E1. contracts and severalother subjects of particular interestto contractors."1~nather interestiiz~ session `vill

be devoted to the ~'a~z ~lmericaiiHighway. In adclitioiz the conventionprogram will include meetings of par-tieular interest to manufacturers ~froad bti~ildin~ machinery and mate-rials."The highway exhibit of the Amer-

ican Road Builders' Association willbe held in the San Francisco CivicAuditorium. ~1lreacly the outstand-inb manufacturers have made ar-rangements to display their equip-ment, including air compressors,crushers, mixers, engines, trucks,tractors, and various other items.One interesting exhibit will be anoperating model of a complete asphaltplai7t. Another will be a truck misermodel arranged in such a manner asto make the entire operation visible.Many companies are arranging mov-ing pictures showinb their machinesin operation.

"The convention forum is one inwhich road bltilders will be interested.It will present a review of what hastaken place in hi;~hway developmentas well as present and future needs.There road builders inay discuss theirnzntual problems and become ac-quaintecl with new ideas."Another incluceinei2t tc~ attend

this ~1. P,,. B. ~1. convention is theopportunity to see. the. Golden GateExposition. It wi]]. be in filll swim; atthat time. Schedules may be s~ ar-range~l as to attend coizvention ses-sioi~s and the Highway Exhilait andat the same dine het in a trip toTreasure Island."The San Francisco Hosts Com-

mittee, headed by State Hibhway Exi-


California d-Iigh~tuays and Public Works ~FebruaYy i9s9~ QThirteen~

De#ail Of Major Project Allocations Budgeted ForItems and amounts in parentheses indicate projects lie in two counties that will share the expenditure allocation shown opposite only one of the

counties.

CountyRouteLocationApproxi-mate

mileage

Proposedexpenditurefor con-

struction andright of way

Alameda________________________696th and Fallon to Fruitvale Avenue________... .._______________.____________2.4$860,000Alameda________________________107Near Niles-Niles Creek Bridges and Approaches_________________________1.0111,000Alameda________________________108Sunol to Livermore (portions); Arroyo del Vaile Creek_____________________________150,000(Alameda-San Francisco) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5-68San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (see San Francisco) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(1,000,000 )

Alpine---------------------23Centerville Bridge-------------------------------------------0.335,000

Amador_.._______________________97Jackson Creek Bridge and Approaches___________________________________1.585,250

Butte_ ____.____________3South Boundary to Biggs Road__________________________________________7.481,000Butte___________________________3Pine Creek to North Boundary__________________________________________0.421,000Butte__________________________317 Bridges between Marysville and Chico________________________________22,500Butte__________________.________87Campbell Overflow Bridges and Approaches______________________________0.218,700

(Butte-Glenn) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _451 mile east Cherokee Canal to Sacramento River_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10.075,000(Butte-Yuba) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _87%mile south to %mile north Butte County Line (see Yuba County)1.3(150,000 )

Calaveras-----------------------24At Line Creek---------------------------------------__---------------0.833,500Calaveras________..______________65San Andreas to Angels Camp (portions)____.._________. ___________________3.4171,350

Colusa_____________.____________15Long Bridge to Colusa____________________________2.490,000Colusa_ __... __________153.4 miles east Williams to Long Bridge______._ ___________________.________2.425,000

(Colusa-Yolo) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _50Cache Creek Bridge northerly (portions) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _75,000

E1 Dorado________________...______itUpper Truckee River Bridge and Approaches_0.342,500EI Dorado_ _ _ _ _ _ _it2 miles east Phillips to 3 miles east Meyers_ _ _2.318,000(El Dorado-Sacramento)113% miles east Rolsom to 2 miles east Clarksville (see Sacramento)5.5(295,000)

Fresno--------.-----------4Fowler to Selma-------------------------------------------------5.0204,000Fresno__________________________411 mile north to 1% miles south Firebaugh; 2 canals_______________________2.9146,200Fresno_ __________41Squaw Valley to Forest Boundary_______________________________________3.0153,000Fresno__________________________41Boyden's Cave to Deer Cove______________.. ..____________________________9.020,000(Fresno-Madera)_________________125San Joaquin River Bridge and Approaches.._______________________________2.0235,000

(Glenn-Butte) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _451 mile east Cherokee Canal to Sacramento River (see Butte County) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10.0(75,000 )

Humboldt_______._______________1North Scotia Bridge-Eel River_________ _._____________________________0.7497,000Humboldt______________________1Robinson Ferry Bridge-Eel River__ ______._____________________________1.0656,500Humboldt_1AtStegemeyerBluff_____________________._____________________________0.410,000Humboldt__________________-.____1Elks Creek Bridge near Miranda________________.. .._.______________________--____I51,000Humboldt___________.____._.____46Klamath River Bridge at Orleans_________________________.._____________________.!159,000Humboldt_____________________.._46WeitchpectoOrleans(portion,)________________________________________________~81,OD0(Humboldt-Trinity) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _20Willow Creek to White's Bar (portion) (see Trinity County) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(240,000 )

Imperial_____..___________________26Central Main Canal Bridge__.________.._____________________ ______.._____._____..__i15,000250,000 Imperial_________________________27East Highline Canal to Gray's Well______________________________________24.5~

Imperial_________________________2023 miles east Calexico to East Highline Can31____ _________________________8.4~ 42,000

Inyo_________________.__________Inyo

2323

Olanchato Cottonwood Creek____ ______.. ..______________________3.3 miles north Alabama Gate to Independence

9.57.0

97,00073,750 __________________--_____-__

Ingo___________ __________ _____23___________________________

2 miles south of Big Pine to Big Pine____________-_______ ______________-2.034,850

Bern___________________.._..._____4Ft. Tejon to foot Grapevine Grade___________________..___________________5.7~ 510,000Bern____________________________235 miles north Rosamond to Mojave_____.________-____ ___.._______________7.894,190Kern____________________________2312 miles north Mojave to Ricardo___________-____-_____________________13.662,630Bern____________________________58Keene to Cable (portions)____________________________._.___________ ____5.0366,000Kern______58_ __ .- Bear Mountain Ranch easterly____________ ___5.020,000Kern----------------.-------142Beardsley Canal Bridge------------------------------._-------------------20,000Kern___ ________58Route 143 to Sivert_____________ _________ - -- -7.1165,000(Kern-Tulare) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _129Bakersfield to Ducor (portions) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _-_ - - _ - _ _i 110,000

Lake_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _49Putah Creek to Route 15 (portionsl _ _ _ _ _ - _- _ _ _ _102,000Lake________________ ._ ________15Clover Creek and Middle Creek Bridges____. ____.______-_________________--.____31,500

Lassen______________._._________28Pit River and Overflow Channels-Bridges______- ______-__________________--_-__81,000Lassen_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .29Milford to Doyle (portions) _ _ _6.0112,000Lassen_____________.______.____73Madeline to North Boundary(portion;)_______._____.______-_.___________5 327,500

(Los Angeles-Ventura)_____________2Ventura Boulevard; Calabasas to Conejo Grade (portions)__._..__________________237,500Los An eles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ g60Walnut Canyon to Winter Can on y (portions)__________________________.___6.0320,000Los Angeles_______________ _____.i23Placerita Canyon to Solamint____________________._-------_ ____________X3.5350,000Los Angeles________ ___________9San Gabriel River Bridge Approaches__________..__________-_____________._ - --25,000Los Angeles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ -_ _205Arroyo Seco Parkway (portions) _ - - ----- -_ _ _ _ _ _ _2,135,000Los Angeles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _26Ramona Boulevard; Mission Road to West Covina (portions) .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _900,000Los Angeles_____________________26Aliso Street separation at Mission Road_ ____________________...___________120,000(Los Angeles-Ventura) __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _79Castaic Junction to Santa Paula; Santa Paula and Piru Creek Bridges_ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _300,000Los Angeles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _158Sepulveda Boulevard; Centineila to Jefferson Boulevard_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _0.650,000Los Angeles_____________________._1723d Street; East city limits to Fetterly Avenue_____________________________1.7280,000Los Angeles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. _. _ _ _ _175Strawberry Street; Artesia Avenue; Alameda to Normandie _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5.0360,000Los Angeles_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _169Bellflower Boulevard; Spring Street to Centralia_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2.075,000

QFourteen~ (February 1939) CGLZZ f ornia I-dighways and Public Works

Construction of Highways In 91st-92nd Fiscal YearsItems and amounts in parentheses indicate projects lie in two counties that will share the expenditure allocation shown opposite only one of the

counties.

County Route LocationApproxi-mate

mileage



Los Angeles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 V erdugo Road; Glendale City limit to Foothill Boulevard_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 0.8 $125,000Los Angeles_____________________ 165 Figueroa Street (portions) _________________- --

425,000Los Angeles_____________________ 162 Santa Monica Boulevard; La Brea to Fairfax (cooperative)_____________---- ------- 80,000Los Angeles_____________________ 173 Olympic Boulevard (portions)____________ ___________________------------ ------- 800,000(Los Angeles-Orange) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166-174 Firestone-Manchester Boulevard Portions)-------------- - ----

585,000Los Angeles_____________________ 61 Angeles Crest Highway; Cloudburst Summit to Mt. Islip_______________ ---- ------- 480,000Los Angeles_____________________ 161 Colorado Boulevard and EI Modena; east city limits west________________ -- ------- 160,000Los Angeles_____________________ 156 Topanga Creek Bridge and Approaches____ _________________-------------- ---- - - 24,000

Madera_________________________ 4 North Boundary to 2 miles south_________ _________________-------------- 2.0 47,000Madera_________________________ 4 Madera to % mile south Cottonwood Creek; Bridge___------ --- ---- 2.9 200,000Madera _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 Friant-Madera Road to %mile north Kelshaw Corners _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 10.9 60,000

(Madera-Fresno) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 San Joaquin River Bridge and Approaches (see Fresno County) _ _ _ 2.0 (235,000)

Marin_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Grand Avenue in San Rafael to San Quentin Wye _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.6 869,000

Mariposa________________________ 18 Mariposa to 2.5 miles north_____________ _____________________---------- 2.5 113,750

Mendocino______________________ 1 Outlet Creek to Reeves Creek___________ ______________________--------- 4.5 47,000Mendocino______________________ 1 Crawfords Ranch to IIkiah; Robertson Creek________ ____________ 7.0 384,000Mendocino______________________ 1 Haegneysto Bridges Creek Slide__________________________ ---- 1.1 99,000Mendocino-------------- ________ 16 Russian River Bridge___ ___________________________ _ _ __ --------- -------- 121,000Mendocino_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 Flynn Creek to Navarro; Lazy Creek, Yorkville (portions) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101,500Mendocino__________.___________ 56 Russian Gulch Bridge___________________ _________________________ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ 172,500

Merced_________________________ 4 Merced to Black Rascal Creek; Bear and Black Rascal Creek_______________ 1.5 254,500Merced_________________________ 4 South Boundary to 2.6 miles north_________________ ____________-- 2.6 76,900Merced_________________________ 18 Merced to 5 miles east(portions)________ __________________------------- 5.0 80,000Merced_________________________ 32 7 Bridges east of Los Banos__________________________ ________ -------- 46,000

M odoc__________________________ 28 4 miles north Rush Creek to Pit River_________________ _______ 7.7 280,000

Mono_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 East Boundary Yosemite Park to Gardisky's_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.5 68,000Mono___________________________ 96 Route 23 at Bridgeport, East Walker River Crossing_______________________ 6.8 30,000Mono___________________________ 13 West Walker River Crossing to Route 23;2 Bridges_______________________ 2.3 75,050Mono__________________ __------- 111 4 miles south of Grant Lake to Grant Lake_______________________________ 4.0 69,850Mono___________________________ 13 Leavitt Meadow, Soda, Silver and Wolf Creeks__________ ____ ________ 17,250

Monterey_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 South Boundary to Bradley; Salinas River Bridge_ _ _ 7.3 627,900Monterey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 miles south Greenfield to Soledad Bridge (portions) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.0 198,300Monterey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 South Boundary to Sur River (portions) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80,000Monterey_______________________ 56 Big Sur River Bridge_______ ---------------------------------------- --- ________ 51,500Monterey_______________________ 10 Peachtree Valley to Mustang Grade______ _______________________________ 5.0 213,500

Nevada_________________________ 37 Donner Summit to %mile west of Donner Lake__________________________ 1.0 36,000Nevada__________________________ 17 %mile south to 1.7 miles north Rattlesnake Creek________________________ 2.2 131,000

(Nevada-Placer) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 Hampshire Rocks to %mile west Soda Springs (see Placer County) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.3 (75,000 )(Nevada-Placer)__________________ 38 Tahoe City to Truckee Wye (see Placer County)__________________________ 14.6 (161,000)

Orange_______ 2 South Boundary to Segunda Deshecha (portions)__________________________ __ _ _ _ _ __ 150,000Orange_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 Main Street Extension; Route 60 to Route 43 ; Newport Bay Bridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.4 200,000Orange____ _ 43 Santiago Creek Bridge on Tustin Avenue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55,000Orange__________________________ 179 Through Garden Grove; Nutwood Avenue to Ninth Street__________________ 0.9 20,000Orange__________________________ 64 Route 2 to %mile easterly_______________ 0.5 47,000

(Orange-Los Angeles) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166-174 Firestone-Manchester Boulevard (portions) (see Los Angeles County) _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (585,000)

(Placer-Nevada)__________________ 37 Hampshire Rocks to %mile west Soda Springs___________________________ 6.3 75,000Placer_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 Colfax Overhead to 0.7 miles north___ 0.7 55,000Placer__________________________ 17 Roseville to 0.6 mile east __ _______________________________ 0.6 17,500

(Placer-Nevada)__________________ 38 Tahoe City to Truckee Wye____________ 14.6 161,000Placer_____ 39 Tahoe Wye through Tahoe City__________ _______________________________ 1.0 15,000

Riverside________ 26 Junction Route 19 to 8th Street, Banning__ _______________________________ b.8 213,025Riverside 26 Banning to Junction Route 187 11.6 489,775Riverside_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Riverside to 3 miles west 3.0 231,000Riverside___ 77 Temescal Canyon and Horse Thief Creek and Approaches____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.0 86,200Riverside 187 Palm Springs to Cathedral City (cooperative) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9.5 188,500Riverside________________________ 64 10 miles west of Hemet_________________ __________________-- _---------- 3.5 59,500Riverside_ 64 % mile east Junction Route 146 to Blythe_ _______________________________ 2.2 63,000

Sacramento 3 American River to North Sacramento at IInderpasses_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44,000(Sacramento-EI Dorado) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 3 % miles east Folsom to 2 miles east Clarksville_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.5 29b,000~ Sacramento____ it Isleton to Walnut Grove____________ ________________ 8.0 87,500(Sacramento-San Joaquin) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 Potato Slough to Mokelumne River and Bridge (see San Joaquin County) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (576,000)

San Benito______________________ 22 San Benito River Bridge_____ _______________________________ ________ 12,000(San Benito-Santa Clara) 2 Sargent Overhead to 3 miles south Pajaro River; Pajaro River and S. P. R.R.

Separation (see Santa Clara County)____ _______________________________ 1.9 (314,000)

California Highways and Public Works (February 1939) ~Fifteen~

DETAIL OF MAJOR PROJECT ALLOC~►TIONS BUDGETED FORItems and amounts in parentheses indicate projects lie in two counties that will share the expenditure allocation shown opposite only one of the

counties.

CountyRouteLocationApproxi-mate

siieage



San Bernardino__.._______._ ____26Redlands easterly (portions)_____.__________..________ __ ____________1.6$95,200San Bernardino--_--___-----_ __9Lytle Creek Bridge__._.-_-----.------...---...___ _____ _ - __ --_----_25,000San Bernardino______________ _-9MaiagaGradeSeparation______.._______..___.._ - _____ _ __ _----15,000San Bernardino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _31Mojave River to Junction Route 58_ _ _ _ .... _ .. _ ..0.930,900San Bernardino_______.._..______..-43 ~Santa Ana River Bridge.___ _________________.._ _ _ _ __________83,500San Bernardino_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _207Route 190 to 51 miles north; City Creek_ _ _ _ _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _b .1396,OODSan Bernardino_________.._..______190Power House to Igo_________________________.. _ ______ ___3.0106,400San Bernardino____.______ __ ____1~8Mt.AndersantoCrestiine_______________________ ___________ __1.078,200

San I?iego___________ _._12La Mesa Overhead to Ei Cajon____... _ ____.._.._ _ ____________4.6284,000San Diego___________________..__2Las Flores Underpass to Onofre Overhead_____._ ____. _____________7.215,000San Diego__________._______._._195-78Lake Eienshaw to Santa Ysabel________ .__ _._._..__________________7.9501,500San Diego_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2~ International Boundary to 1 mile north man Ysidro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2.9203,000San Diego__________.___________198San Diego River Bridge at Lakeside_________.___...__.._ _-.___ _ _________________187,000San Diego__________.__________...199i Coronado Heightsiine change____________________..... ___.______.___ ____0.532,500

San Francisco _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _56Funston Avenue Apuroach to Golden Gate Bridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.5357,000(San Francisco-Alameda) _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _5-68San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - __ _ _ _1,000,000

(San Joaquin-Sacramento) _ _ _ _ _ _ -53Potato Slough to Mokeiumne River and Bridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _576,000(San Joaquin-Stanislaus)_______ __110Vernalisto Gates Road________..______ ______________________________7.6140,000San Joaquin_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _97East of Clements to 1.5 miles north of Mo?ceiumne River_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.5103,300

San Luis Obispo____________.__.___2Miles Station Bridge and Approaches____ ._ ____________________________________295,200San Luis Obispo_________________56Santa Maria River Bridge_________________ _ ____ ____________.___. _- __ ____12,000San Luis Obisno__ _ _.__________.56Old Creek Bridge and Auproaches________________ __________. _ _0.853,400San Luis Obispo_.._____..__.._.___.56Torro Creek Bridge and Approaches_______________._ _____________.___.0.545,500

San Mateo____________..____...___-68South San Francisco to Burlingam e-Structures____________________________________40,000San Mateo________________....._.__2Broadway-Redwood City to South Boundary______________________________4.5661,800San Mateo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _56Tunitas to Lake Lucerne (portionsl ; San Gorgonio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6.0340,000

Santa Barbara___________________2Orella to Tajiguas Creek; Refugio C:eek_ _____________-________________2.6276,000Santa Barbara.._____.._.._..________2Zaca to 3 miles south; Zaca Creek.__ ___ _._._ _ _ __ ._._._._______._.._-3.2304,900Santa Barbara_ _ _ _ _ . _ ... _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _2Eagle Creek and Dos Pueblos Creek and P_pproaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. _ _ .1.2153,600Santa Barbara___________.._______2Sheffield Drive to SanYsidroRcad____________________________________1.2235,000

Santa Clara________________..___.__5Oaks to Los Gatos________________________._ _ _ - -_ _._._____________1.6353,500(Santa Clara-Santa Cruz)__________5Inspiration Point to The Oaks_____________._..._ __________________100,000(Santa Clara-San Benito)________....2Sargent Overhead to 0.3 miles south Pajaro Rive:. ________________ ____1.9314,000Santa Clara______...___.___.______.._42Austin Corners line change________. _______________-_-___________. _ ___1.3115,000

(Santa Cruz-Santa Clara)________._5Inspiration Point to the Oaks (see Santa Ciars County)__.._..___.._____.....__.._______(100,000)Santa Cruz-----. ----------116Waterman GaP----------------------____. _ ._ _ _ __ ------------1.153;600Santa Cruz________.._____..________56Watsonviiieto Rob Roy Junction____________......_. _ _____________________7.3485,000

Shasta__________________________3Pacific Highway relocation at Shasta D a:n________ __ _ _________________11.6430,000Shasta__________________..____..__3Olney Creek Bridge_.____..__._ - - -________15,000Shasta_._..._ _ __________________.3S. P. Subway to Hili Street__. __ _________________________________ ____2.0123,000

$30,286,000 Estimated Cos# to iVlodernize Roads in District XI

loads and speeds, and excessive main-tenance expenditux•es are required inorder to keep them in safe conditionfor even the restrietecl loads. Manyof the bridges are too narrotiv, thuscreating serious ti affic hazards.

Similarly the obsolete or inadequatehigh`vays require heavy maintenanceexpenditures, consequently divertinfunds to maintenance which should be~conserved for construction and anyother more urgent needs.The following tabulation indicates

(Continued front page 5)

the probable cost to improve thepresent State highway system in Dis-trict X1 to adequate standards toserve present traffic. This estimatecontemplates the continued utilizationof stage construction, usiilb bitlimiiz-ous treated surfacing on a large per-centage of the secondary highwaysystem for the reason that the amountof traffic on secondary roads does not~~arrant the use of asphalt concrete,cement concrete or other hither typesurfacing.

EstimatedMiles Cost

Roadsshouidbe rebuilt_ 2G8.6 $'x,674,060

Rca~sshouldbe widened 220.3 3,684,000

Roads shouldbe refecated 312.3 15,018,000

Totalroadsrequir-

ing

Imp. __ 801.2

Total

$23;376,000

QSixteen~ ~Feb,~ua,~y i9s9~ California High~,t~ays and Public Works

CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS IN 91st-92nd FISCAL YEARS

Items and amounts in parentheses indicate projects lie in two counties that will share the expenditure allocation shown opposite only one of thecounties.

County

Siskiyou_____________Siskiyou_____________

(Solano-Yolo) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Solano----------- ---

Sonoma_____________Sonoma_____________Sonoma_____________

Stanislaus_______________________Stanislaus_______________________

(Stanislaus-San Joaquin)__________

Tehama------------------Tehama _____________

(Trinity-Humboldt)_______________Trinity ----------------

Tulare--------------------Tulare---------------- --Tulare--------------- -

(Tulare-Kern)---

Tuolumne---------- - ---- __Tuolumne_______________________

Ventura-----------------Ventura ____________

(Ventura-Los Angeles)_____________

(Ventura-Los Angeles)_____________

Ventura----------------------

Yolo-----------------------Yolo________Yolo---------------------Yolo-----------------------(Yolo-Solano)--------------------(Yolo-Colusa)-------------------..

Yuba---------- ------(Yuba-Butte)-- - - --_ ------------

EstimatedNo. Cost

Bridges to berebuilt orwidened __ 66 $516,000

Bridges-new 232 4,394,000

Totalbridgesrequiredor to beim-proved_ 298

Rights of way___________Safety devices-guard

rails, islands, signals,etc. -------------------

Route LocationApprozi-mate

mileage



3 Bailey Summit to State Line_____________ _______________________________ 1.4 $150,00072 Route3atWeedtol.5milesnorth_______ _______________________________ 1.5 71,000

6 North of Dixon to 1 mile east Davis; Putah Creek_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.8 385,500208 Sears Point Toll Road payment__________ _______________________________ ________ 85,602

1 Walls to junction Stony Point Road_______ _______________________________ 3.2 327,00056 Russian Guichline change and Bridge____ _______________________________ 0.8 61,00056 Timber Cove Creek Bridge and Approaches_______________________________ 0.3 1 ,000

4 South Approach Turlock Overhead___ ________________________ 0.3 11,5004 Keyes to Hatch Crossing________________ _______________________________ 6.0 321,250

110 Vernaiis to Gates Road (see San Joaquin County) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.6 (140,000 )

7 Proberta to Red Bluff Subway; Oat, Coyote and Red Bank Creek_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.2 270,0003 Red Bluff to 5 miles north; Dibble, South Fork Blue Tent Creek_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.0 270,000

20 Willow Creek to Whites Bar (portions)____ _______________________________ ________ 240,00020 Oregon Mountain and Helena to W eaverville (portions) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16.0 183,000

4 Kings River Bridge to North Boundary____ _______________________________ 1.3 62,70010 West City Limits Visalia to Route 30______ _______________________________ 1.3 103,000135 Tule River Bridge and Approaches________ _______________________________ ________ 22,000129 Bakersfield to Ducor (portions) (see Bern County) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (110,000 )

13 Keystone to Jamestown (portions)________ _______________________________ 4.0 50,00065 Columbia Wye to Sonora; Woods Creek Bridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.5 174,000

2 Springville toBeetox(portions)__________ _______________________________ 2.0 79,00060 Point Mugu to Little Sycamore Creek (portions) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185,0002 Ventura Boulevard; Calabasas to Conejo Grade (portions) (see Los Angeles

County)----------------------------------------------- -------- (237,b00)79 Castaic Junction to Santa Paula; Santa Paula and Piru Creek Bridges (see

Los An eles Count _______________________________g Y)--------------- - _______ 300,000)2 Bluffs north of Seacliff__________________ _______________________________ ________ 45,000

6 West end Causeway Structure___________________ ----------------------- ________ 75,0006 1 mile east of Davis to Swingle__________ _______________________________ 3.0 200,0007 Route 50 at Woodland to Cache Creek____ _______________________________ 3.7 152,00090 Madison to Dunnigan (portions)__________ _______________________________ 4.0 101,5006 North of Diaon to 1 mile east of Davis (see Solano County _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.8 (385,500 )50 Cache Creek Bridge northerly (portions) (see Colusa County) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (75,040 )

15 0.3 mile west Braces Corners to Dry Creek_______________________________ 1.1 34,50087 ~ mile south to %mile north Butte County Line (see Butte County} __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.3 150,000

$4,910,0001,500,000

500,Q60

Grand total _____________ $30,286,OOD

During the past four years theaverage annual expenditure in Dis-trict XI, for izzajor construction,has been $1,400,000. On that basisand unless some additional financ-ing is provided it will require 21

years to finance the rather limitedimprovements above contemplated,assuming that the mileage in theState highway System remains thesame and that the maintenance costswill not increase because of this ex-tenc~ed delay.

It is quite evideizt also that cluring~the 21 years necessary for accomp-lishment of the improvements asoutlined, traffic demands will in-crease and additional developmentwill be necessary to provide forsame.

Ye~sonaUle progress demands a~~rogram of construction approxi-mately three times that ~~ hich nowseems possible.

S~'e know u fellow who's so mean, he notonly pulls the wool over his ;irPs eyes, butit's ninety per cent cotton.

BUDGET FOR MAJORPROJECTS $2,066,102

(Continued from page 2)

the coming biennium, it will be nec-essary to expend on the Federal aidsyst$m about $16,000,000 or 64 percent of Division of Highways con-stx~uction funds, exclusive of gradecrossings, as these Federal fundsmust be matched with State funds.

The Federal aid system represents6150 miles or 44 per cent of the totalState highway mileage, which meansthat there will remain but 36 per centof construction funds to cover eon-striiction on 56 per cent of the Statesystem.

"I hear Cupid almost dot you last week.""Yes ; I had an arrow escape."

California Highways and Public Works ~Fearua,-yi9s9~ QSeventeen~

KEEP

RICH .

Channelization Islands on Divided Highway link of U. S. 99 relocation in Selma have 6 inch recessed curbs.

ma Di ' d I-li e v~ e hwaned g y peBy E. T. SCOTT, District Engineer

BACK I1~T 1913 when the State first constructed a highway toconnect with West Front

Street through the city of Selma, thatancient but faithful beast of burden,the horse, was very much in evidence.Early traffic counts taken in thevicinity revealed the fact that thehorse outnumbered his new rival,the motor vehicle. The first countindicated 225 automobiles, 11 autotrucks a.nd 328 horse-dra«gin vehicles.

'Phe 60-foot right of way and thetwo-lane pavement along West FrontStreet was ample to carry the traf-fic at that time. The fact that therewas an abrupt jog in the highway at1VIcCa11 Avenue and another jog at1~,Torth Street, together with twospur track crossings a little fartherto the north, was not of much con-cern. By the time the horse-drawnvehicles had dwindled to 4 in 1928the autos and trucks had increased

S E L M A~~=1 I"

' I N EAST _~ FRONT ~ 5T ~ I~

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to 3869 and 455, respectively. Thestretch of highway through Selmahad become a "bottleneck" and thejogs and spur crossings only aggra-vated the situation. The last tenyears broubht an increase of 53 percent in automobiles and 140 per centincrease in trucks.

Studies were made to determinethe most practical way of relievingthe congestion through Selma. Busi-

(Continued pn page 26)

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QEighteen~ (Februar~~ 1939) CLLlZfornia Highways and Public Works

Two views of Divided Highway on relocation of a short link of U. S. 99 in city of Selma. Separation strips are bordered by six inchcurbs recessed and painted white to reflect headlight beams.

California Highways and Public 1Vorks ~Feb,~uaYy i939~ ~Nineteen~

Pinole Grade Crossing ProjectPresents Many Difficulties

By E. L. WALSH, assistant Bridge Construction Engineer

OR; the past four months motor-ists traveling from the SauFrancisco Bay area to the east

and Sacrameno Valley on U. S. 40have been detoured around extensiveconstruction operations in the to«~n ofPinole. Because of the scope of theproject, which extends for a clistailceof 3500 feet along the highway, manypeople have been unable to visualizethe exact purpose of the work andhow the completed project will look.The original highway alignment

utilized the Santa Fe Railroad tunnelas a means of crossing the railroadtracks. The old highway, ~vhicll was

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the removal of a row Of 0LiC8,lY1J~L1Strees which hacl been planted as anadded protectioiz in case of an explo-sion in the plant. It was necessar~~ toreadjust the alig~ent in order to eutdov~~n as few of these trees as possible.The most satisfactory separation of

grades involved not only the reali~n-inent of the high«~av, brit the reali~n-ment of approzii7iately 350 feet ofrailroad track. The scheiiie of re-locating the railroad track by means ofan open cut in lieu of the existing;tunnel was adopted because sLlch ascheme can be accomplished with aslittle interference as possible with

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and thin bedc~ecl shales that per-nlittecl speedy removal b3~ adequateEquipment.The cut was excaeatecl on 1:1 slopes,.

except in the slide area, where it wasnecessary to excavate on a 2:1 slope.rls insurance against future slides,in certain areas in the cut where thesection was excavated at a 1:1 slope,there were built two horizontalbenches about 20 feet ~~~ide—one ap-prosii7lately 20 feet from the top andthe other about 40 feet from the top.To stabilize the railroad roadbed, anelaborate subdrainage system, con-sisting of a liize of 8-inch and 10-inch

NEW ALIGNP✓IENT OF HIGHWAY

-_ -____ H__R __TUNNEL

OLD L~CATiON OF HIGMY'6AY

within the limits of acceptable stand-ards of construction at the time it wasbuilt, crossed over the top of the tun-nel at the easterly entrance to thetown of Pinole. The condition of theold timber-lined tunnel was such thatthe railroad company found it neces-sary either to reline the tunnel or re-locate the roadbed in open cut.

Preliminary studies to effect thisimprovement involved many clifficul-ties because of the expense of relocat-ing the railroad track and becailse ofthe close proximity to the nitroglycer-ine plant of the Hercules PowderCompanS-. The realignment involved

either highway or railroad traffic.The day-lighting and relining of theexisting tunnel could not have beenaccomplished safely without removingtrain service for a period of thirtyclays. In making the reloeatioiz of therailroad track, it was also necessary tolower the railroad grade in order toavoid changing the highway grade infront of the developed propertythrough the town of Pinole.The railroad open cut, over 2700

feet in length and reaching a magi-mum depth of 90 feet, contained over400,000 cubic yards of material. Thematerial consisted of soft sandstone

14 TO SF'~C

NEW LOCATION OF TRACKS

perforated pipe, was laid longitudi-nally on each side of the roadbed, withtransverse pipe at intervals of 20 feet.The old highway ali~ninent con-

sisted of two 750-foot radii curves 100feet of tangent, and a 1500-foot radiuscurve, all reversing. The change willincrease the sight distance by substi-tnting one curve of 2000-foot radiusfor the existing three reversing curves.It will also make possible air improvedapproach condition to the town ofHercules. The old approach to theone major industry of the town wasover an old wooden bridge across the


QTwenty] (February 1939) CILlZ f ornia Highways and Public lX/ork.s

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Two views of extensive operations involved in realignment near Pinole of a link of U. S. 40 carrying heavy traffic betweenSan Francisco and Sacramento, owing to the abandonment of a tunnel by the Santa Fe Railroad and relocation of route in an opencut. The existing highway crosses over the top of the tunnel. Its realignment on a straighter line will cross the railroad cut ona bridye. Upper photo shows highway detour and bridge operations without halting train or motor traffic. Below—Bridge con-struction near 4unnel, New tracks will swing under this section of bridge permitting other half to be built.

California High~,vays and Pzcblic 'L~orks Feb,-ua,-y i9s9~ QTwenty=ones

Scow Plovers Kept in CommunicationBy Novel Radio Equipment

By T. H. DENNIS, Maintenance Engineer

NE of the most difficult prob-lems faced by highway mainte-nance forces in their annual

fight to maintain an open road inthe snow couiztry is the lack of ade-quate communication with the men atthe front.With the first storm, wires go down

in many sections, and are not repaireduntil Spring. In other locations,conzinunYCation facilities are eitherinadequate, or nonexistent. Messen-ger service is impossible over blockedhighways. In short, communicationchannels are most inadequate wheresi1o~~ removal crews need them themost.A serious aspect of the failure of

communication is lack of advice atthe entrances to the storm area as towhat roads are traversable. Lines ~fcars are held needlessly long at thebarricades, or worse, are released toosoon. When snow is drifting, con-ditions may change in thirty minutes,often resulting in many cars beingtrapped, enable to moti e either way. ,

PLAN FOUND FEASIBLE

The situation became so critical atthe time of the heavy storms lastwinter that it was decided to investi-gate the possibility of using radio tosupplement the existing channels ofcommunication. In March a prelimi-nary estimate indicated that the planwas feasible, and in August a detailedstudy of the system in use by theState of Washington led to a decisionto equip at least one highway districtin time for the snows of this winter..We are indebted to Washington forthe splendid cooperation they gave us.

Highway District II has approxi-ma~tely 25 per cent of the snow re-moval road mileage, and maintainsthe main north and northeasterngateways to the State. It was de-cided to establish radio stations atthe District Office in Redding, and ateach superintendent's headquarters,as well as on all rotary snow plows.

A test car was equipped with radioin August and tests were made toprovide data on which to base esti-mates of the kind of equipment andpower required to provide reliablecommunication between the plows andtheir base, and between Redding andthe maintenance stations. Not onlyare the air-line distances great inDistrict II-105 miles from Reddingto glturas, 140 miles from Yreka toQuincy—but the rough terrain hidessections of highway in deep canyonsmaking radio reception difficult.

DUPLICATE TRANSMITTER SETS

The specifications for the equip-ment, written in September, coveredthe following types of transmitters50-watt telephone and telegraph setsfor Mt. Shasta City, Burney, Alturas,Mineral, Susanville, Quincy andPulga. These sets are designed t~work on either standard house currentof 110 volts, 60 cycles, or on a 12-volttruck battery. The change-over isalmost instantaneous, involving onlythe insertion of the power plug intoanother socket. These transmittersare duplicates, in size and controls ofthe snow plow sets.

Transmitters for the plows operateon telephone only, with a power of50 watts. The power is supplied fromthe battery of the plow, high voltagesbeing developed by a genemotor. Soefficient is the design of these 50-watttransmitters that the drain on thebattery, while transmitting, is lessthan the maximum charging rate ofthe generators on the plows. Thetransmitters are mounted on rubberwashers to minimize shocks, and arepractically waterproof.The transmitters at Yreka and

Redding are of 200 watts on the voicefrequency and 350 watts on tele-~raph to insure constant communica-tion with plows in the deep andwinding Sacramento River Canyon.If experience this winter shows thisto be unnecessary it is probable that

the Yreka transmitter will be replacedwith the standard 50-watt set, andthe larger unit moved to another dis-trict office.

SPEAKERS IN PLOW CABS

Receivers are of the fixed frequencytype, permanently tuned to the as-signed frequencies of 2726 kilocyclesfor voice and 3190 kilocycles for tele-graph. Those in the stations havespeakers mounted in them, whilerotary plow receivers, being of re-markably small size, utilize a separatespeaker mounted on the wall of thecab, The station receivers can bechanged from 110-volt a.c. to I2-voltd.c. operation by turning one panel.knob. The rotary plow receivers are,of course, for 12-volt operation only.One of the difficulties encountered

in the design of these stations wasto plan efficient antennae for theland stations and the mobile units.It was found that there was a finestand of red fir timber at variouslocations in the district, so at five orthe stations three 100-foot poles wereerected in the form of a triangle.At Mineral, Quincy and Pulga ad-

vantage was taken of standinb trees.The land station transmitting an-tenna is a half wave (171' 6" long) ,the receiving antenna being of thedoublet type 140 feet long ~~ith stcoil in the middle.

DIFFICULT ANTENNAE PROBLEM

Plow antennae presented a muclgmore difficult problem however. Af-ter consideration of all the typesheretofore used or available, develop-inent work was started on an entirelynew type. When not in use the an-tenna lies back over the cab and bodyof the plow. In this position it ex-tends only 12 inches above the cab,and does not extend back beyond tiebumper.

V~7hen it is desired to transmit, theoperator raises the antenna by meansof a lever in the cab, so that it stands12 feet vertically, then turns a small

QTwenty-twos Feb,-2~aYy ~939~ California Highways and Public Works

S

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Upper left—Radio equipped snow plow wi'_h antenna raised working in isolated moun4ain section of Shasta County. Upperright—Foreman R. E. Frost in Shasta Cifiy maintenance station, KATR (lower left), Transmitting instructions to plow operator(lower right), who hears and talks over loud speaker equipment in front of him.

California I~ighzuays and Public Wlork,s ~FebYUary i9s9~ QTwenty-three

crank which extends it to a height of23 feet. The operation requires lessthan ten seconds. This part of theequipment was built in the Sacra-mento shops. It is very rugged in con-struction, and has proved to be ahighly efficient radiator.As soon as announcement was made

in District II that a radio systemwas to be installed, the questionnaturally arose as to who were goingto operate. the stations. ~1 call was sentout for volunteers to study for theexamination for Federal Communica-tions Commission licenses. The resultwas amazing, and showed the finespirit of loyalty and. cooperation thatpervades the maintenance personnel.

WIVES QUAI,IPY AS OPERATORS

Not only dick the snow plow driversand helpers, office workers and exec-utives begin to study, but their wivestoo prepared for the examination,which was held at varioLis points inthe district. There a,re somewherebetween 125 and 150 licensed radio-phone operators now available, andmany are preparing themselves forthe radio-telegraph examinations *ohe held before slimmer static forcesuse of telegraph inste~cl of telephonecommLmication.The operating procedure has been

greatly simplified by the rise ofprinted forms upon ~~vhich the dailyroad and weather report is compiled.~ "round-robin" rapid fire exchan~eof information is accomplished inabout 15 minutes each morning be-fore the inen go to work. At the encl,each station in the system knows thecondition of all roads in the district,the weather and temperature at eachpoint, and the forecast for the newt24 hours.

Throughout the clay there is anhourly time check, and plows in opera-tion report each hour. A constantstandby is maintained at all stations,and by all plows on duty, so that thedistrict has an hour by hour pictureof what is g~aing on at the front, andthe. snowfi~hters know that they catsreport break-downs or call for assist-ance at an~~ time. Only duringstorms is there a clay and night watch.

BUILT BY 1VIAINT~NANCE MEN

The first equipment tests were madeoi~ January 16. From the variousdates mentioned previously it can beseen that. there was much day antinight work involved in the periodbetween the decision in late August tobtiiild the system and its advent on

Nicaragua andMexico Express

l~ppreciationsConsulado Caeneral De Nicaragua

San Francisco, California

January 24, 1939.

Mr. Frank W. Clark,Director of Public Works,Sacramento, California.

Sir:

have the pleasure to acknowl-edge receipt of the January, 1939,edition of "California Highways andPublic Works," in which I am in-formed that you have been ap-pointed Director of Public Worksand that you have assumed yourofficial duties."California Highways and Pub-

lic Works" is especially valuable tomy government. I do not like toimpose upon your good nature, butam very interested in securing

three copies of each edition, and ifit is possible for you to send themmonthly I will be grateful to you.The Honorable Dr. Antonio

Flores-Vega, Minister of PublicWorks of the Nicaraguan Govern-ment, has read every edition I haveSant him and found it containsinteresting articles about moderndesign and full research applied tohighways constructions.With my congratulations and best

wishes, please accept the assuranceof my esteem and consideration.

Sincerely,

JUAN JOSE MARTINEZ LACAYO,Consul General of Nicaragua.

BIBLIOTECA NACIONALDE MEXICO

Senor John W. Howe, Editor,Public Works Building,Sacramento, California.

Through the kindness of theDepawtment of Public Works (Divi-sion of Highways), for which weare very thankful, we have beenreceiving regularly two copies ofyour interesting publication.

In view of the constantly increas-ing interest that highway proolemsare awakening in our Country,wish to ask if you can not in-crease the number of copies of yourpublication to five. These will beproperly used, two copies for ouruse and three copies distributedamong those persons and institu-tions to whom they will be espe-cially useful.Thanking you in advance for this

favor, I remain

Yours very truly,The Director (Mexican National

Library) Manrique (Signed)Prof. Aurelio Manrique, Jr.

the air in January. Manufacturersworked night shifts on the equipment,maintenance. men worked night shiftson installation, and the weather maincooperated by holding off the firstreal snow until the system was ready°.

All of the details of planning thesystem, preparing specifications andsuperintendent manufacture, con-struction and installation have beenhandled by regular emplo3rees of themaintenance department of the Divi-sion of Highways. The chief operatora.nd service man at Redding is theonly employee whose time is devotedexclusively to radio work„ the opera-tion of all other egtii~ment beingperformed by regular employees aspart of their routine duties.With the experience wined in Dis-

trict II this winter it is hoped thatan even more efficient installation canbe developed in several other districtsbefore the coming winter. ~ pra-liminary survey has already been con-ducted in Districts I, III, VIII andIX.

ROAD BUILDERS S~(/ARMINGIN SAN FRANCISCO

(Continued from page 13 )

~ineer Purcell of California, and in-cluding many prominei7t business menhave arranged a most interesting prc~-gram. "The Western Dissociation of State

Highway Officials will hold its 18thannual convention in the FairmontHotel, San Francisco, March 6, 7,and 9. Topics of cliscussioiz at theMarch 7 session will include "TheSafety Problem" and "EnforcingTime Limits on State Highway Con-tracts." Delegates will attend othergroup ineetinbs and participate in theConstruction Congress at TreasureIsland on ~Vednesclay. March 8. Dis-cLlssi~n topics for March 9 include"Soil Stnclies" anti payers to be readby Dr, L. I. Hewes, Deputy ChiefEngineer, IT. S. Bureau of PublicRoads ; Floyd Bone, Secretary-Ma~1-a~er I~TOrthern California Chapter of.Associated General Contractors, an~`.1others.

Father—So you've been fightinb and lostall .your front teeth.Son—Oh, no, Pad, I're got them. right

here in my pocl~et.

First Playwright—Gosh, that suit of yourslooks as though it had been slept in.

Second Playwright—It was. I lvore it toyour new show last night.

QT~venty-four (February 1939) CalZf or-nia Highu~c~ys and Public Works

~~` ~ ,.-- DIVISION OF ~y~~" ~~~,

..~~~ - WATER RESOURCES S ~r ;,,, '~~~~ `i~;` OFFICIAL REPORT ~ w ~',.'~ ~' -}~~:. , , -

/`~~ / ~ e ? ~' A Q 4 v FOR THE MONTH OF ~, ~ e ,

~,~~ ~, ;,, - ~~ 4 ~ January, 1939 ~~~~,°,~~~"~~ .,,.,.. ~ ~.

~~;G,~_.,~~--~T ~'.,~ ,~ „ _ „„ EDWARD HYATT, Seate Engineer -== ~ ' ''°T ~ ~ ,~'_~ M M.

HE activities of the Division ofWater Resources in connectionwith the Central Valley Project

have included ei~bii~eerinb studiesand the preparation of data for nebo-tiations with various interests in con-nection with the acquisition of waterrights, and negotiation for the reloca-tions of public utilities. Studies werealso continued on matters affectingthe disposal of water and power madeavailable by the project. In thisconizection conferences were held withKern Colmty interests and studiesmade of the possible exchange ofwater supplies from the Central Val-ley Project for supplies from KernRiver which ~vouid be transferred toareas south of the river.A review and study was made of a

petition before the Railroad Commis-sion of the State of California in thematter of the application of the SanJoaquin and Kings River Canal andIrrigation Company for an orderaLithorizing it to enter into a contractfor the exchange of Satz JoaquinFiver water for water made availableby the San Joaquin pumping system.Work was completed on the prepa-

ration of a report on the acquisitionof and plan of exchange for rights ofthe Edison Securities Company towater from the San Joaquin Riverproposed to be acquired for the use ofthe Central Valley Project.

Negotiations were continued withpublic utility companies for the relo-cation of power and communicationfacilities for the completed CentralValley Project and for temporaryrelocations necessitated by construe-tion activities.

IRRIGATION DISTRICTS

Carmichael Irrigation District completed apipe line replacement project clurinn themonth that has Ueen in progress for the pasttwo years with the aid of WPA labor.About 67 per cent of the old system hasUeen renewed with welded steel pipe, and

several miles of wood stave lines have beenrebanded. Total expenditures an the im-provements made were in excess of $37,000.Nevada Irrigation District has a crew of

12~ men emplo5>ed at the Scott's Flat clamsite five miles above Nevada City. The workof clearing brush and digging test pits wi1Tbe carried on during the winter months inpreparation for later construction of theproject, for which a bond issue of $253,000was recently ~~oted.

Refinancing plans of DZerced, Lincisap-Strathmore, and James irrigation districtswere approved as fair and equitable tocreditors in an important decision of theFederal District Court issued this month atFresno. The decision is the first to bemade for a number of similar cases in whichthe districts are attempting to complete theirrefunding operations under the FederaliVlunicipal Bankruptcy Act.

SUPERV1510N OF DAMS

Construction is progressing satisfactorilyon Palos Verdes Reservoir in Los AngelesCounty.The 1~Ietropolitan Water District has filled

Gene Suash Dam and is now filling CopperBasin Dam.

Tl~e repairs and alterations on a numberof dams of the Los. Angeles Comity FloodControl District have all recently been eom-pleted. This work included trash racks andimprovements to various spi11wa5~s.Work on the spilhvay at the Sn~v Pit Dam

is well under ~vay as is the «~orl; on thespillway at the Little Rock Dam.

report will show the diversions, acreagesirritated, etream and return flows in theSacramento and San Joaquin valleys.

Afield survey of the crops in the Sacra-mento and San Joaquin Delta is virtuallycompleted and the results are nqw beingtabulated for inclusion in the annual reportof this office.The sampling of water in the delta for

salinity is being carried on at all regularstations in order that the record of theseasonal advance and retreat of salinity maybe complete. The Sacramento and SanJoaquin rivers still remain at low stages.For purposes of comparison, some salinityand stream flow figures are given.

CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE

SNOW SURVEYS

With about two feet of snow in the moun-tains as a result of the early winter storms,rangers of the Lassen and Plumas NationalForests were instructed in the details ofmaking snow measurements at the snowcourses established this year in their areas.Later in the month, snow surveying instruc-tion was given to a class of 20 ranters fromsix national forests who had fathered atthe Auburn Sl.i Clnb near Cisco for acourse in slci instruction.The end of January snow surveys are

now beinb made at the key courses throuah-out the mountains. Some of the measure-ments have been received and preliminarywork is being done preparatory to issuingthe first snow survey bulletin of the 1939season, scheduled for release about Febru-ary 10th.

WATER. RIGHTS SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS

Fifteen applications to appropriate waterwere received during December ; 5 were de-nied ; 20 were approved ; 7 permits wererevoked and 2 licenses were issued.During the month 198 reports were re-

ceived from permittees and licensees andthese with other similar reports previouslyreeeivecl are under study. Probress is alsobeing made ii1 the preparation of reports inconnection with the 228 projects which wereinspected during the year.

~ACF;AMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN

V°JA°fER SUPERVISION

During the past month activities have beenfor the most part centralized on the officewort necessary in order to compile and pub-lish the annual mimeographed report. This

Floyd Damage I~'epairs

Only one application was received duringthe month for an allotment from moneyappropriated from the Pmer~ency Fund b5~Chapter 11, Statutes of 1938, Pstra Session,for the restoration of property, levees, floodcontrol works, county roads and bridgesdamaged by the floods of the ].937-38 winterseason. Llurin~; the month Senate Bill 1~TO.421 restoring $795,445.51 to the EmergencyPui7d for flood damage repairs and restora-tion was passed unanimously b5~ both housesof the Legislature. This sum, Uy the provi-sions of the bill, will be available only toapplicants who made requests for assistanceprior to the effective elate of the act.Inc estigation and preparation of reports

on work for which applications for allotmentof funds have been made continue.

California Haghways and Public Works rFebruary r939~ Twenty-five

1932

~~ bc,3iv

:Per Mile

STATE HIGHWAY GAS TAX FUNDSTHROUGH THE ROLLING MILL

~`:

Note~Figures derived from funds available from3¢per gallon gas tax affer deductionsfor Maintenance and I~for Counties

J933 ~`

~ 1260 P¢r Mile

AVAILABLE DOLLARS PER M l L(Gonstruction,Right of Way & Engine¢ring) \\\\\\\\\\\\~~~,_~~`'

~~

6600 MilesAdded By.¢Qisla$ure

O

~/4 GentFor StateHighways

Nithin Cities

1934)20 Per Mile~F STATE

~/4 CentFor CityStr¢ets

Divided Irlighway Op¢ned Through City of Selma(Continued from page 18)

Hess had built up along the 60-footright of way on West Front Street tosLlch an extent that the cost of addi-tional right of way there was }~ro-hibitive. By building an alternateroute along Nhitson Street one blockwest, a considerable saving could beeffected. Besides, the "jogs" couldbe avoided and the two spur trackcrossings eliminated.After careful consideration the

State ~~ighway Commission adoptedthe present new route. A 100-footright of wa3~ vas secured and adivided highway consisting of two23-foot asphaltic concrete pavementswith a 6-foot separation, were con-structed.The separation between the north-

bound and south-bound traffic lanesconsists of curbs with low growingshrubs, Pyracantha Formosiana,planted between.

The curbs along the dividing stripare recessed in order to better re-flect liht from the curb face. The.recessed area normal to the directionof the headlight rays has beenpainted white. These curbs standsix inches above the pavement sur-face, ar.e 82 inches tivide at the bot-tom and 5 inches wide at the top,with the entire slope on the frontface of the cLirb.

Along both sides of the dividedhighway have been planted eucalyp-tus trees of the Sideroxylon Roseavariety.Temporary transitions to connect.

with the old highway both north andsouth of the improvement were pro-vicled. As funds become availablethe existing two-lane pavement ex-tending from Selma to Fowler andalso from Selma southerly to Kings-burg, will be reconstructed to pro-vide for a divided highway.

The improvement through the cityof Selma is only one short link inthat long and important transpor-tation route, U. S. 99, which con-nects the metropolitan area of LosAngeles with Sacramento and th eSan Francisco Bay region.Heavy traffic composed of 16 per

cent to 2U per cent trucks, now cax-ried on this route, justifies a dividedhighway along its full length. How-ever, unless more funds are madeavailable it will be many years be-fox~e this important highway can bemade adequate for tie traffic im-posed Ligon it.The improvement through ~e7ma

vas made under contract by theUnion Paving Company. Dan Mor-rison ~Tas superintendent for thecontractor, while Fred Howard wasresident engineer for the State Di-vision of Highways. The highwaywas officially opened Dec. 10, 193$.

QTwenty-six (February 1939) CGIlZ f ornia Highways and Public V~/orks

Highway bids and Awards for the Month of January, 9939

LOS AATG~LES COi?\'1`1-L'etweenforth Zlain St. and Missiun Ko<ul about 0.4mile to be graded and puve~l ~~-ith asphaltconcrete, portland cement caicreCC and plt~nt-~iilea surfacing. District ti Il, Itonte 4,Section L.A. George R. Uurtis Pu~~ina Co.,I.os Angeles, $~i0,276 ; Griflith Go., Los An-g•eles, ~i~i3,361 ; Radich & I,ro«-n, l;urbauk,$~i~,3GS ; Oswuld Bros., I.us :~ugeles, ~56,-:)3'e; ; RoUert M. Price, Huuti~igton Park,~~~9,7S0; P. J. Akmadzich, Los ~ugeles,~(i4,<,`~4. Contrnct awarded t~ .I. i~]. Had-clocl~, Ltd., Pasadena, $4~,fi93.DTL+'NDOCIATO COUNTI:- lbout 1U miles

south of Fort Bragg, a bridge across JacliPeters Creek to be constructed xud fibout022 mile of roadway to be graded and pene-tration oil treatment applied thereto. Dis-triet I, Poute 56, Section ~. A. Soda &Son, Oakland, $42,5~J1; C. ~\'. Culetti cC Co.,San Rafael, $43,146 ; Fred :J..liaurer ~l- Son,Eureka, $43,808 ; Guerin L'ros., San I ran-cisco, $39,401; Joseph Sha~c, Oul~land, ~40,-106 ; Albert H. Siemer ~ Juhu Corcano, SanAnselmo, $41,177 ; Harold Smith, St. Helena,$41,86 J. M. Walker, I3erlceley, ~42,01~J ;~TalleS~ Construction Co., tau Jose, X44,242 ;L. E. Smith, Eureka, $44,505. Contractawarded to Ni. A. Jenkins, Slcra~nento,~3G,572.50.M~RCED COUNTY-t~Uont 1T.~ miles

e~et of Los Banos, redecking and wideninga bridge across I'resno River. District X,Ii,oute 32, Section C. C. ~'~~. Caletti & Co.,San Rafael, $17,802 ; P. Fans, Stockton,$2Q695 ; L. C. Seidel, Oakland, $18,671; DI.A. Jenkins, Sacramento, $14,623. ContractawArded to A. A. Tieslau, Berkeley, $14,-134.50.

M01~Tn COUNTY-Between Benton Sta-tion and Nevada State line, about 7 miles tobe graded and road-xnix surface treatmentand Class "A" seal coat to be applied. Dis-trict IX, Route 76, Section Y. BasichBros., Torrance, $52,376 ; R. L. Onlcley,Pusr~dena, $52,757 ; Nevada Roek ~C SandGo., Inc., Reno, $54,725 ; Oswald Bros., LosAngeles, $55,259. Contract awarded to J. A.Casson, Hayward, X49,87720.

RIVERSIllE COUNTY-Between OrangeCounty line and Corona, 2bout 4.S miles toUe graded and paved with plant-mixed sur-facing and Portland cement concrete. Dis-trict VIII, Route 43, Section A. J. A. Had-dock, Ltd., Pasadena, $184,499 ; Griffith Co.,Los 4ngeles, $185,041; United ConcretePipe Corp., I.os Angeles, $1S7,365 ; OswaldBros., Los Angeles, $188,822 ; Iieafey-MooreCo. &Fredrickson R Watson ConstructionCo., Oakland, $191,780 ; Basich Bros., Tor-ranee, $205,946 ; Claude Fisher Co., Ltd.,Los Angeles, $207,123 ; C. O. Sparks RbZundo Engineering Co., Los Anbeles, ~209,-371; Hemstreet & Bell, Marysville, ~211,-320 ; Clyde W. Z~ood, Los Angeles, $212,-964; Sully-miller Contracting• Co., 7,ong•Beach, $215,450 ; Matich Bros., Elsinore,$230,132. Contract awarded to ~'. R. Den-nis Construction Co., San Diego, $172,463.95.

SAN B~RNARDINO COU\TTY-AcrossSan Antonio ~~ash, about ~ mile east of LosAngeles County line, a reinforced concretes1aU bridge to be eonstrncted ; and about 02mile to be grAded and paved with asphaltconcrete. 7)istrict VIII, Route 26, SectionC. J. E. Haddock, Ltd., Pasadena, $46,189 ;Oscar Oberg, Los E1n~eles, $46,445 ; White& j~Vilberg, Santa Monica, $47,753 ; DimmittS, Taylor, Los Angeles, $48,12.> ; J. S. Metz-ger R Son, Los Angeles, $49.80.1; R. R.Bishop, Long ]3each, $49,813 ; C. O. Sparks

,Jn ~P11tIIXtltllt

With the passing of Sam G. Judd

of Los Banos, District X of the Di-

vision of Highways lost a valued

and Ioyal employee. Mr. Judd ismourned by his many coworkers

and h~~ndreds of friends in Mari-

posa and Merced counties.Mr. Judd entered the service of

the Division of Highways on Feb-ruary 5, 1924, and at the time of hisdeath vas foreman in District X towhich ha was transferred from Dis-trict V'I on September 1, 1933. Asa supervisor, Mr. Judd won the re-spect and friendship of the men ofhis crew and by his superiors wasconsidered an authority on pave-ment repairs and patching. Hecarried on his road work with re-sponsib~lity and conscientious con-cern. Nis d a i l y l i f e was aninspiration to all who knew him.

Meirbers of Mr. Judd's crews whoworked through long, wet winternights gratefully remember the hotcoffee and sandwiches served tothem at frequent intervals by Mr.and tvirs. Judd.

Mr. Judd was born in SilverCity, New Mexico, October 8, 1891.He was engaged in ranching beforehe entered the employ of the State.He leaves a widow, Loretta, towhom is extended the deepest sym-pathy by the entire personnel of theDivision of Highways.

PACHEC~ PASS REAL9G~'-MEt~T DELETES 31 CURVES

(Continued from page 12 )

duced 218 degrees, a saving of. over5> complete circles, 31 curves hav-ing been eliminated and the ~nini-inum radii very materially increased.The s~vin~ of one-half per cent inmaximum trades will be ail improve-ment• be~leficial to heave loadedvehicles. _The accom~anyiiig neap shott~s the

approximate route of the old origi-nal high«gay and toll road follow-ing the Pacheco Creek fast CapeHorn and the old ➢Zonntain House tothe summit. The existing Statehighway route constructed in ].923far up on the mountain side and fol-lowin~ the upper reaches of the eastfork is also indicated.

and ilZundo ~n~;ineerinb Co., Los Angeles,$2,018; Valley Construction Co., San Jose,~~4,910 ; ~~~erts ~:. Dunn, Los Angeles, $58,-057 ; The Contracting Engineers Co., LosAngeles, $62,832. Contract awarded to G.E. I~erns, Lonb Beach, $44,862.50.

SAN 13I+7P\T~RDINO COUNTY-AcrossMojave River at Baker, a bridge 408 feet inlength consisting of timber stringer spanswith concrete deck on pile bents ; roadwayapproaches to be graded, imported surfacingmaterial placed thereon and roaclmixed sur-faeing treatment applied. District S'III,Route 31, Section K. Valley ConstructionCo., San Jose, ~i36,022 ; White & ~uilberg,Santa Monica, $36,078 ; S. A. Cummings,San Diego, $36,603 ; E. G. Perham, Los An-geles, $37,120 ; J. S. D3etzger & Son, LosAngeles, $37,246 ; J. A. Casson, Hayward,$36,385 ; Ralph O. Dilson, Glendale, $39,-r35 ; George Herz S, Co., San Bernardino,$40,16a ; BSerts &Dunn, Los Angeles, $42,-326 ; A. S. ~'innell Co., Alhambra, $4~i,:~30.Contract awarded to R. 1~I. Price, Hunting-ton Park, $3ci,924.90.

SAN BAR\TAItDI\TO COUNTY - Be-t~t~een Devore and Camp Cajon, about 2.4miles to be graded and surfaced with plant-mixed surfacing. District VIII, Route 31,Section B. Geo. Herz R Co., San Beruar-dino, X149,912 ; C. O. Sparks R blundoFnhineerin Co., Los Angeles, $156,794 ;Claude Fisher Co., Ltd., I.os Angeles, $1~9,-(6a ; Guerin Bros., San 3+ rancisco, $167,047 ;A. Teichert &Son, Inc., Sacramento, $188,-377 ; United Concrete Pipe Corp., Los An-geles, X234,929. Contract awarded to w. P.Hall Co., t~lhambrn, $149,510.95.

SA\TTA BARI3AP,,A COUNTY-EetweenSanta Ynez River and San Antonio Creek,about 10 miles to be graded and portions tobe treated with liquid asphalt by the road-mixmethod Ind seal coat applied. District V,feeder road. Piazza R Huntley, San Jose,$64,31 ; I~. L. Oakley, Pasadena, ~64,~J53 ;L. G. «~illis & Sons, Inc., and Chas. G.\Villis, Los Angeles, $66,278 ; United Con-crete Pipe Corp., Los Angeles, $G6,567 ; SV.E. Hall Co., Alhambra, $67,547 ; BasichBros., Torrance, $68,172 ; J. E. Haddock,Ltd., Pasadenn, $71,604 ; Parish Bros., El-dridee, X72,835 ; Granite Construction Co.,Ltd., Z~~atsonville, $73,526 • C. O. Sparks c~~Iundo Engineering Co., Los Angeles, $75,-425 ; Guerin Bros., San Francisco, $75,531;Oswald Bros., Los Angeles, $77,951; ValleyConstruction Company, San Jose, $7,012.Contract awarded to Mountain Coi7structionCo., Sacramento, $58,059.15.

SISI~IYOU COUVTl'-Between ? mileeast of Hamburg and Scott fti~•er, about 1.4miles to be graded. District II, Route 46,Section C. Guerin Bros., San Francisco,~36,0~3 ; tl. Soda &Son, Oakland, $36,252 ;Claude C. ~~~ood, Lodi, $36,316 ; Haroldsmith, St. Helena, $38,226 ; J. lli. R~alker,Berkeley, $38,245 ; Poulos & DZc~wen, Sac-ramento, $38,324 ; Young &Son Company,Ltd., Berlcele~~, X38,567 ; ~~m. von der Hellen,Yrekfl, X38,840 ; Larsen Tiros. and HarmsBros., Sacramento, $41,992 ; John BurmanR Sons, Eureka, ~i44,423 ; 'Vest ConstructionCompany, San I`rancisco, $44,545 ;Bennett &Taylor, Los Angeles, $45,389 ; J. P. Bren-nan, Redding, $ci3,377 ; galley ConstructionCompany-, San Jose, $65,45$. Contract2waxded to H~mstreet & I3e11, Marysville,y;a1,494.

:~ ~eiif~'~ siu :111~;P~ until sloe begins harping.

California High~cudys and Public Works (February 1939) QTwenty-seven

Pinole Grady Crossing Projeet Presents 11Aany Difficulties

Santa Fe tracks with a very narrowintersecting road at the westerly end.

This section of highway is in thedirect line of heavy auto and freighttraffic between the East Bay citiesand the Sacramento Valley. Its im-provement will correct the substand-ard condition now existing. An aver-age daily traffic of over 8000 vehiclespasses this point. The Sunday trafficamounts to more than 12,000 vehicles.

DETOUR CONSTRUCTED

It has been necessary to maintainclose cooperation between the railx•oadand highway construction operationsin order to facilitate an early comple-tion of the project. The maintenanceof uninterrupted service on both therailroad and highway demanded closecoordination in executing the variousphases of the work in the proper se-quence. Inasmuch as the railroadcut completely blocked and destroyedthe old highway, and since there wereno available roads over which hi~h-way traffic could by-pass the project,it was necessary to construct a hi~h-way detour around the work.The construction and maintenance

of such a detour involved the expendi-ture of approximately $14,000. Thisamount was exclusive of the cost ofthe detour bridge which is to remainin place to serve as a permanent con-nection to the town of Hercules. Ofthis amount, approximately X2,000was required for the installation ofwarning signs, lights, traffic stripeand guard rail to warn and protectthe traveling public.

HIGFIWAY BRIDGE BUILT

The realignment of the railroadtrack, substituting an open cut for theexistii~~; railroad tunnel, snakes ~ieces-sary the construction of a highwaybridge to span the track. This struc-ture requires new alignment for thehighway approaches which are beingconstructed to a standard divicleclhigh`~~ay «pith a 4-foot dividin strip.The clivicling strip separates two 23-

foot highway lanes, each of which hasa 7-foot shoulder. The 23-foot pave-ment lanes will be surfaced j~ith sixinches of crusher run base toppedwith three inches of plant mixed sur-facinb. The shoulders will be given apenetration oil treatment. The divid-


ing strip will be inclosed between con-crete curbs. At each end of this sec-tion the dividing strip will be carriedto the end of the vertical curves, andthere will be a 400-foot transition inpavement width, narrowing down tobring the 4-lane pavement to the ex-isting 3-lane pavement width.At the west end the dividing strip

will terminate in the restricted speedzone area within the city limits ofPinole, and the nose of the dividinstrip will be provided with 3-inch rubyreflectors. At the east end, due to thefaster speed of traffic approaching thedivided roadway and the possibil.it~~of confusion during night driving andprobable fog condition, an automaticamber flashei traffic signal will beinstalled in the nose of the clividi~igstrip.

GRADE SEPARATION

The grade separation striictnrespanning the railroad track is of con-tinuous flat slab construction restingon concrete bents with two expansionjoints in the deck at the quarterpoints. The bridge is 425 feet iizlength, consisting of eleven 34-footspans and two end spans each 25 feet6 inches in length. The roadwa~~width between curbs is 54 feet consist-ing of two 25-foot traffic lanes sepa-rated by a 4-foot dividing curb. A2-foot 6-inch sidewalk is provided oneach side of the bridge for pedestriantTa,~1C.

after relocating the various publicutilities which interfered with eon-struction, constructing the detour androuting highway traffic over it, thenext step was to start the excavationfor the new railroad roadbed. Thisoperation was so planned that workon the grade separation structurecould be started immediately. Thenext order of work was to constructthe southerly one-half of the struc-ture, which portion spans the railroadtrack at its new location. When thesoutherly one-half was complete, therailroad realigned, anti the new trackplaced ii1 operation, it was then pos-sible to construct the northerly one-half of the structure without inter-ference from train traffic.The work is being done in coopera-

tion with the A. T. & S. F. Railroad.The railroad company is performing

Bay Bridge Terminal

Dedicated Jan. 14,1939


Dec. 21, 1936—First demolition of build-

ings for terminal site.

July 29, 1937—First shovelful of earth

excavated for terminal site, southeast

corner of Natoma and Fremont.

Nov. 29, 1937—First tie on bridge proper

laid at Span E-22.

Jan. 12, 1938—First structural steel for

terminal unit erected at First Street be-tween Natoma and Minna Streets (12-

foot steel columns).

Jan. 14, 1938—First major steel erected

at Natoma and First Streets (43-foot

steel girder).

Feb. 1, 1938—First spike for bridge rail-way placed at Span E-22.

Mar. 8, 1938—First steel for track level(third story) of Terminal Building

erected at Fremont Street.

Sept. 23, 1938—First test train (KeySystem) ran from East Bridge head toPier W-1.

Oct. 13, 1938—First test train of Inter-urban Electric (S. P.) on bridge.

f~ec. 14, 1938—First train enters S. F.Terminal (Key System train) for signaltests.

Dec. 17, 1938—First Interurban Electrictrain enters S. F. Terminal from Oakland.

Dec. 20, 1938—Sacramento-Northernmakes first test trip into San FranciscoTerminal.

Jan. 5, 1939—Power turned on third rail.

Tesrts continue nightly until start ofoperation, January 15.

the work of relocating its track and isassuming the cost thereof. The rail-road portion amounts to appro~imate-ly $12;1,000, and. the State's portion,consisting of the construction of theoverhead structure together with thecost of highway approaches, will costapproximately $110,000. The State'sportion is inchided in the FederalAid Gracie Separation Program andis being financed from Federal fitncls.The excavation for the railroad lo-

cation is being performed antler eon-tract by Sharp and Fello~~s of LosAngeles, and the construction of thegrade separation and hibhway ap-proaches is being performed undercontract by the Union Pavinb Com-pany of San Francisco. The contractdate for completion is June 16, 1939.

QTwenty-eight (February 1939) CGGlZ f ornia Highways and Public Wjo~~ks

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

F Pu li orksD rt t o b eepa menHeadquarters: Public Works Quilding, Twelfth and N Streets, Sacramento

CULBERT L. OLSON ___________Governor FRANK W. CLARK______________________ __Director

ED~%VARD ~. NERON_______________Deputy Director

CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY COMMISSION

H. R..JUDAH, Chairman, Santa Cruz

FRANK ~V. CLARK

~'VILLIAIS T. HART, CarlsUad

DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS

C~. H. PiTILGELL, State Highway Enginer~r

G. T. bIcCOY, Assistant State Highway Engineer

J. G. STANDLEY, Principal Assistant Engineer

R. H. WILSON, Office Engineer

T. E. STANTON, Materials and Research Engineer

P+ RED J. GRUMM, Engineer of Surveys and Plans

R. M. GII:LIS, Construction Engineer

T. H. DENNIS, Maintenance Engineer

F. W. PANHORST, Bridge Engineer

L. ~~. CA\IPBELI., Engineer of City and Cooperative Projects

li. H. STALNAKER, Equipment Engineer

J. W. VICI~REY, Safety Engineer

E. R. HIGGINS, Comptroller

DISTRICT ENGINEERS

E. R. GREEN, District I, Eureka

F. ~V. HASEL~VpOOD, District II, Redding

CHARLES H. WAITMORE, District III, Marysville

JNO. H. SgEGGS, District IV, San Francisco

L. H. GIBSON, District V, San Luis Obispo

E. T. SCOTT, District VI, Fresno

S. V. C'ORTELYOU, District VII, Los Angeles

E. Q. SULLIVAN, District VIII, San Bernardino

S. ~V. LO~VDEN (acting), District IX, Bishop

1:. ~. PIERCE, District X, Stockton

E. E. ~9ALLACE, District XI, San Diego

SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE

DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES

EDWARD HYATT, State engineer, Chief of Division

GEORGE T. GUNSTO\T, Administrative Assistant

HAROLD CONKLIVG, Deputy in Charge Water Rights

A. D. ~DDZONSTON, Deputy in Charge WaterResources Investigation

R. L. JOIQES, Deputy in Charge Flood Control and Reclamation

GEORGE tiV. HA~~LEY, Deputy in Charge Dams

SPE\TCER BURROUGHS, Attorney

EVERLa'TT 1V. BRYAN, Hydraulic Engineer Water Rights

GOItDON Z~\TDF.R, Adjudication, j~'ater Distribution

DIVISION OF ARCHITECTURE

~V. K. DANIELS, Assistant State Architect, in Charge of Division

P. T. POAGL+`, Assistant State Architect

HEADQUARTERS

H. ZV. D~HAVL+~N, Supervising Architectural Draftsman

C. H. I~RO~'ILi'R, Principal Structural Engineer

CARLETON PIERSON, Supervisin; Specification ti~'riter

J. W. DUTTON, Principal L+~ngineer, General Construction

~7. H. ROCI~IIVGHAD7, Principal DZechanieal and ElectricalEngineer

L. E'. BERG, Supervising Estimator of Buildinb ('onstruction

DIVISION OF CONTRACTS AND RIGHTS OF WAY

C. C. CARLETON, Chief

PRA\'I~ B. DURKEE, Attorney

C. R. MONTGOMERY, Attorney

ROBERT E. REED, Attorney

DIVISION OF PORTS

C. E. ANDREV~, Bridge Engineer Port of eureka—E. S. IiACKINS, SurcP,yor

prixted iri CALIPOANIA STATE PRIN'IfNC OPPICEE~IZOZ ~+-~9 18>'~OO SACRAMENTO: G60RGE H. NOORE~57AS8 PRiNiER

Return postage guaranteed.

PM: If addressee Mas moved

notify sender on

Form 3547Division of Highways

P. O. Box 1499

Sacramento, California

1 ~~~~~ ~T'-~~

rtCSCEnt ,ji

~~tY `~ y Yreka i

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Eureka ~'

C.~ci~?~:~~~.3 ~ol2eve Library.acs An~•les.Calif.

~ I PA ~J J ~~

p>,~ Allure s

SEC. 562, P. L. & R.

U. S. POSTAGE

PAIDSacramento, Cal.Permit No. 152

lull-it

SHOWING

STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEMLEGEND

Primary Roads ~~Secondary RoadsProposed Roads =__________

/ eddinSusanville ~.y I , J 1_ .~'~'_-~'_~

L ~i~ Red Bluf ,A r~ rr, v~~•~~ If,

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