The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or

reckless destruction of life

1933-1945Historical Context of The HolocaustHistorical Context of The Holocaust

1933-1945

1933-1945

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

Salarino: Why, I am sure, if he forfeit, thou wilt not take his

flesh? What’s that good for?

Shylock: To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute; and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

1933-1945Karl Lueger (1844-1907)

Mayor of Vienna

Karl Lueger (1844-1907)

Mayor of Vienna

“If Dr. Karl Lueger had lived in Germany, he would have been ranked among the great minds of our people.”

-Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf

1933-1945Beer Hall Putsch

Nov. 9, 1923Beer Hall Putsch

Nov. 9, 1923

“In 1935, the sixteen dead were moved from separate graves to a pair of “Honor Temples” in Munich where they took up “eternal watch.” It was as if they had been born again. Flags that formerly had flown at half mast were now at full mast. The New York Times correspondent observed that Munich was celebrating “not a funeral but a triumph.” As the names of the sixteen were called in a last roll call before the Honor Temples, the assembled crowd of thousands answered “here” to each name.” Bending Spines p. 21

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

• “Mein Kampf” means “My Struggle”; Hitler wrote it while in prison in the 1920’s

• Still banned in most European countries• Given to every newly married German couple

from the late 1930’s onward

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFHitler’s MEIN KAMPF

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

• “The relation of the Jews to prostitution and, even more, to the white-slave traffic, could be studied in Vienna…When thus for the first time I recognized the Jew as the cold-hearted, shameless, and calculating director of this revolting vice traffic in the scum of the big city, a cold shudder ran down my back.” (p. 59)

• “Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord.” (p. 65)

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFHitler’s MEIN KAMPF

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

“On this first and greatest lie, that the Jews are not a race, but a religion, more and more lies are based in necessary consequence.” (p. 307)

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFHitler’s MEIN KAMPF

1933-1945

1933-19451933-1945

1933-19451933

Hitler becomes Chancellor

1933Hitler becomes

Chancellor

1933-1945

Night of the Long KnivesJune 30-July 2, 1934

Night of the Long KnivesJune 30-July 2, 1934

"If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people."

"It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot."

                                          

1933-1945March 1933

Dachau Concentration Camp

March 1933Dachau

Concentration Camp

1933-1945May 10, 1934

Book BurningsMay 10, 1934

Book Burnings

1933-1945Sept. 10, 1935

Nuremberg LawsSept. 10, 1935

Nuremberg Laws

1933-1945July 1938

Evian ConferenceJuly 1938

Evian Conference

1933-1945October 1938Deportations

Begin

October 1938Deportations

Begin

1933-1945November 7, 1938Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath

November 7, 1938Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath

'Being a Jew is not a crime. I am not a dog. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on this earth. Wherever I have been I have been chased like an animal.'9

--Herchel Grynszpan

1933-1945November 9, 1938

KristallnachtNovember 9, 1938

Kristallnacht

http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/kristallnacht/img6pic.htm

                                           

                                                     

1933-1945

May 1939S.S. St. Louis

May 1939S.S. St. Louis

http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/stlouis/story/voyage/index.htm

1933-1945

Sept. 1, 1939WWII BeginsSept. 1, 1939WWII Begins

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

• “The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one’s name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans…I do not think that reading is desirable.”

• --May 1940

Heinrich Himmler on Polish EducationHeinrich Himmler on Polish Education

1933-1945

1940Euthanasia Program

1940Euthanasia Program

Adolf Hitler's authorization for the Euthanasia Program (Operation T4), signed in October 1939 but dated September 1, 1939.__________National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.

This photo originates from a film produced by the Reich Propaganda Ministry. It shows two doctors in a ward in an unidentified asylum. The existence of the patients in the ward is described as "life only as a burden." Such propaganda images were intended to develop public sympathy for the Euthanasia Program.__________United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Slide taken from a Nazi propaganda filmstrip, promoting "euthanasia," prepared for the Hitler Youth. The caption says: "Mentally ill Negro (English) 16 years in an institution costing 35,000 RM [Reichsmarks]." __________United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

“The construction of a lunatic asylum costs 6 million marks. How many houses at 15,000 marks each could have been built for that amount?”

German Education: Math ProblemsGerman Education: Math Problems

Buses used to transport patients to Hadamar euthanasia center. The windows were painted to prevent people from seeing those inside. Germany, between May and September 1941.__________Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden

1933-1945Summer 1941Killing Squads

“Einsatzgruppen”

Summer 1941Killing Squads

“Einsatzgruppen”

1933-1945

December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor

1933-1945February 19, 1942Executive Order

9066

February 19, 1942Executive Order

9066

                                                                                                      

                                                                                                      

1933-1945January 20, 1942

Wannsee Conference

January 20, 1942Wannsee

Conference

Reinhard Heydrich, chief of SD (Security) Service

1933-1945Summer 1942

Deportations to camps begin

Summer 1942Deportations to

camps begin

1933-19451942-1945

Camp Life… and Death

1942-1945Camp Life… and

Death

1933-1945

April-October 1943 Rebellion

April-October 1943 Rebellion

Treblinka under attack Train tracks leading into Sobibor

Warsaw ghetto uprising

1933-1945

Death MarchesDeath Marches

1933-1945

1945: Liberation1945: Liberation

1933-1945October 18, 1945-October 1, 1946

Nuremberg Trials

October 18, 1945-October 1, 1946

Nuremberg Trials

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

Guilty: 12- sentenced to death; 3- life imprisonment; four- 10-20 years in prison

Innocent: 3 were acquitted

Nuremberg Trial ConvictionsNuremberg Trial Convictions

1933-1945November 13-

December 14, 1945Dachau Trials

November 13-December 14, 1945

Dachau Trials

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

Guilty: 40 Nazi war criminals found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging

Innocent: none

Dachau Trial ConvictionsDachau Trial Convictions

1933-1945

Israel: A New StateIsrael: A New State

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

5, 900, 000

Number of Jews Murdered:Number of Jews Murdered:

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Gypsies Murdered:Number of Gypsies Murdered:

220, 000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Handicapped Murdered:Number of Handicapped Murdered:

200,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Polish People Murdered:Number of Polish People Murdered:

1,900,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:Number of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:

3, 300, 000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Homosexuals Murdered:Number of Homosexuals Murdered:

15,000 (estimate only)

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:Number of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:

1,800

1933-1945“Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the

things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your

children’s children.”Deuteronomy 4:9

“Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the

things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your

children’s children.”Deuteronomy 4:9