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Measurement While Drilling Overview

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MWD Functions Real-time surveying

Wellbore positioning

Directional Drilling

Real-time formation measurement

transmission

Correlation

Geology

Petrophysics

Geosteering

Real-time drilling mechanics data

Help Drilling process

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Schlumberger MWD Systems Hole

sizes SlimPulse From 4 ¾” to 30”

Impulse From 5 ½” to 7 ¼”

PowerPulse From 7 ¾” to 30”

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Schlumberger MWD Systems (Services)

MWD Systems

Transmission

Rate

(Bit per second)

Combinability Remarks

SLIMPulse 0.5 ARC (gamma/resistivity)

AIM (inclination)-PWD

Retrievable

Battery powered

IMPulse 0.5 - 3 ADN4 (Neutron/density)

Combine both MWD and

ARC

Turbine powered

PowerPulse 0.5 -16 All LWD tools Turbine powered

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MWD Surveying – Is it important? (1)

While Drilling......... We want to

1- Control the position of wellbore versus Geological model

2- React when unexpected events are encountered

3- Anticipate unexpected structural events

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Miscellaneous

Slot: Slot A-4 H Plan# : A4H rev9 160101

Elev Ref: Platform Elevation(25.00m above MSL)

Date Drawn: 06:16:00PM 30-Jan-2001

Surface Location

Lat: N58 42 44.251 Lon: E1 40 5.641

North: 6508932.00 m East: 422849.00 m

Grid Conv: -1.1381° Scale Fact:0.9997

Magnetic Parameters

Model: BGGM 2000

Dip: 71.719° Mag Dec: -3.592°

Date: December 22, 2000 FS: 50166.9 nT

GlitneSTRUCTURE

15/5 and 15/6 AreaFIELD

Well 13/5-6 - A-4 HWELL

-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

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-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

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Default Color

Main

Proposal

Survey

1600

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1200

A-3 H Plan

2325

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A-2 H Pilot Survey

21772177

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A-2 AH Survey

2100

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A-1 H Survey

2100

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A4H Plan

SPIDER VIEW

Scale (1 cm = 100 m)

<<< SOUTH NORTH >>>

<<< WEST EAST >>>

MWD Surveying – Is it important? (2)

X &Y uncertainties Z uncertainty

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3 magnetometers 3 accelerometers

MWD Surveying – D&I Package

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MWD Surveying – Affected by?

Magnetic data affected by any magnetic interferences •Bottom Hole assembly

•Nearby casing

•Magnetic storms

Inclinometer data affected by: •Accuracy limit

•Surveying procedures

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The telemetry – Data transmission (1)

The mud pulse system

• by the Drilling MUD

– MUD PULSE (positive or

negative)

– MUD SIREN

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The telemetry – Data transmission (2)

MudMud

Pressure

Time

Pressure

Time

Mud

Time

Pressure

Time

Mud

Pressure Pressure

Time

Positive Pulse: 1 BPS

Negative Pulse: 2

BPS

Continuous wave:

0.5 to 16 Bits Per Second

POWERPULSE

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The telemetry – Data transmission (3)

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The telemetry – Data transmission (4)

CODING PROTOCOLE:

Typical data is 6 to12 bits per “word”

Length of one “word” depends on the number

and the complexity of the data to transmit

Usual transmission priority is MWD then LWD

data

MWD+CDR+CDN

Frame # 24

Bits

Sync/ID/Err 27

gtf 8

PHSF_x 10

RHOS_x 10

RHOL_x 10

TNRA_x 10

PERA_x 9

ATTN_x 10

gtf 8

GRT_x 8

tur_rpm 7

PHSF_x 10

RHOS_x 10

RHOL_x 10

TNRA_x 10

gtf 8

PERA_x 9

CDRSK_x 2

shock_I 8

ATTN_x 10

GRT_x 8

PHSF_x 10

RHOS_x 10

gtf 8

RHOL_x 10

TNRA_x 10

ATTN_x 10

3 bps UPDATE Secs

gtf 22

PHSF_x 29

RHOS_x 29

RHOL_x 29

TNRA_x 29

PERA_x 29

ATTN_x 44

GRT_x 44

shock_I 87

tur_rpm 87

CDRSK_x 87

Frame # 24 :

3 bits per second Programmed before the job

Depends on transmission mode

Adjusted to expected ROP for optimum RT

sampling rate

May be changed while drilling (depending on

contractors)

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MWD – Surface acquisition

A signal Pressure transducer senses pressure differences

•Sensed pressures are decoded with

the Acquisition System

•MWD Engineers QC

transmission and data

•Data is displayed on screen,

And on paper Logs in the unit

•And

potentially

In Cutomer’s

office

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Signal Demodulation Principles

Type of signals

– Downhole (MWD-Motor..)

– Uphole (Pumps-Rig..)

– Echoes & Reflections

– Electrical Noise

Characteristics

– Frequencies

– Attenuation

– Direction SNR = Signal Power/Bit

Noise Power

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SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (1)

Adaptable in different collar sizes from 3 ½” to 9 ½”

Covers flow ranges between 35 and 1200 GPM

Transmission rate of 0.5 BPS

Current MWD tool in use in Noyabrsk

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SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (2)

Measures:

Direction and Inclination

Toolface

Shock

Optional gamma ray

Can be combined with:

AIM (at Bit Inclination) and APWD

(Annuallar pressure) or

ARC 375, 475, 675 (multidepth resistivity and

Gamma ray

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IMPusle Tool (1)

Tool size of 4 ¾” to be run in holes between 5 ½” to

7 ¼”

Combine both MWD and ARC Services

Transmission rate between 0.5 and 3 BPS

Flow ranges between 130 to 400 GPM

Used in conjunction with PowerDrive475 RSS

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IMPusle Tool (2)

Measures:

Direction and Inclination

Toolface

Shock

Up to 10 Resistivities

Gamma ray

Can be combined with:

AIM4 (at Bit Inclination)

VPWD (Annuallar pressure)

Vision ADN4 (azimuthal density/Neutron)

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PowerPulse – MWD (1)

MWD for 73/4 in. and larger hole sizes

MWD Collar sizes between 6 ¾” and 9 ½”

Fast data update at 0.5 to 16.0 bps

Flow ranges between 275 and 1200 GPM

Measures:

Direction and Inclination

Toolface

Multiple Shocks

Gamma ray

Downhole weight on Bit

Downhole Torque

Collar RPM

Turbine RPM

Temperature

Drilling Mechanics

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PowerPulse – MWD (2) Tool Name Measurements type Tool size Remarks

ARC Gamma ray

Multidepth resistivity

6 ¾”, 8 ¼”, 9 ½”

2 MHz and 400 KHz propagation resistivity.

GVR (RAB) Azimuthal gamma ray

Bit resistivity

Highly focused azimuthal resistivities

6 ¾”, 8” Laterolog tool

VADN (Vision Density Neutron)

Density, Neutron, Pef, ultrasonic caliper

4 ¾”, 6 ¾”, 8” Azimuthal capability

ISONIC Delta-t 6 ¾”, 8” Monopole SONIC tools

SMWD (seismic MWD)

Check shots 5 ¾”, 8”

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonnance)

Free water 6 ¾”

PowerPulse

can be combined

With all LWD Tools