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11 Sept. 2000

INTEQMWD

SYSTEMS

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this presentation, as of the indicated date.

TECHNICAL TRAINING DEPARTMENT

11 Sept. 2000

MWD Overview

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11 Sept. 2000

Measurement While Drilling

• Is the process of acquiring measurements from sensors housed in drill collars in the drilling assembly and subsequently transmitting those measurements in realtime to the rigfloor via wireless telemetry methods.

• Measurements are acquired and transmitted such that there is no interruption in the drilling process.

11 Sept. 2000

Measurement While Drilling

HOW DOES IT WORK?

The method of transmitting data from the vicinity of the drill bit to the surface is called -

MUD PULSE TELEMETRY

• Mud Pulse Telemetry (MPT) is the constricting or opening of the fluid path, thus causing momentary changes to the flow of fluid

• The constricting or opening of the fluid flow path causes pressure changes which can be detected by a pressure transducer in the standpipe pressure manifold at surface

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11 Sept. 2000

Types of MWD Telemetry

Pressure

Time

Pressure

T i m e

V

FM Receiver

Insulation

Pressure

Time

NEGATIVE PULSE CONTINUOUS WAVE

ELECTROMAGNETIC *POSITIVE PULSE

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Positive Pulse

• Uses a hydraulic poppet valve to momentarily restrict a portion of the mud flow through an orifice in the tool

• This will generate a small increase in pressure in the form of a positive pulse which can be decoded at the standpipe

• INTEQ MWD tools create a positive pulse

Pressure

Time

4

11 Sept. 2000

Signal Decoding

10 100 200 300 400 500 600

Valve position

•

•Combinatorial - Pulser not moving continuously to transmit data

• Splitphase - Pulser moving continuously to transmit data

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HSTDecode

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The purpose of surveying the wellboreis to ensure that the well’s Directional objectives are met.

Kick-Off Point

Build-Up Section

Target

End Of Build

Directional Service

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l Accurate Survey data and survey calculations enables the engineer to plot the position of the borehole.

l This then allows him to determine the borehole’s relative position to the desired position.

l Any discrepancy can then be adjusted for by reorienting the drilling assembly.

200

0

200

800 600 400 200 0

SURFACE LOCATIONX = 2,658,408 Y = 112,566

A A

50’ RADIUS TARGET

- - - North : S

outh - - - Scale 1 : 100.00

Vertical Section on 261.47 azimuth with reference 0.00 N, 0.00 E from 11

Tru

e V

ertic

al D

epth

S

cale

1 :

100,

00

TGT 2305’ TVD - 2451’ MD: 706’ SECT

- - - WELL PROFILE DATA - - ----- Point - - - - MD Inc Dir TVD North East Deg/100Tie on 0 0.00 261.47 0 0 0 0.00KOP 1165 0.00 261.47 1607 0 0 0.00End of Build 2090 37.02 261.47 1900 -43 -268 4.00Target 2451 37.02 261.47 2305 -75 -500 0.00End of Hold 3140 37.02 261.47 2490 -122 -800 0.00

West Scale 1 : 100.00

PBHL2365”TVD 2490”MD790’ AT 261.47 AZMS -122’ W -800’X = 2.657,492 Y = 112.430

TARGET2305’ TVD 2451’ MD706’ AT 261.47 AZMS -55’ W -379’X = 2.657,902 Y = 112.491

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600200 0 200 400 600 800

AA

37.02 DEG

BUILD 4/100’ MD

KOP 1600’ MD

Mag to Grid corr -9.0 Deg

North

PBHL2365” TVD 2490” MD: 832” SECT

Why Wellbores are Surveyed

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11 Sept. 2000

• Angle hold configuration

• Course correction

ä Oriented drilling

ä Rotary drilling

• Hole slightly over size

Adjustable Kick-offMotor (AKO)

ΘΘ

Double Tilted Housing Motor (DTU)

Steerable Motors

11 Sept. 2000

Oriented Mode

l Wellpath

– Controlled curvature

– Controlled direction

– No drill string rotation

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11 Sept. 2000

Rotary Mode

l Wellpath

– Behavior same as arotary drilling assembly

– Hole slightly over size

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l Multiple wells from offshore structures

Applications Of Directional Drilling

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11 Sept. 2000

• Re-entry/Multi-lateral wells

Applications Of Directional Drilling

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Neutron

Density

Resistivity

Gamma Ray

InclinationMeasurement

MWD FE Services

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11 Sept. 2000

Gamma Ray Service

Shale

Sand

Shale

Shale

Sand

0 150a00pi

11 Sept. 2000

Natural Gamma Ray Theory

• Various clay minerals emit low levels of radiation.

• Shales generally contain more radioactive minerals than cleaner reservoir rocks.

ä High Gamma readings usually indicate Shale formations.

ä Low Gamma readings usually indicate clean formations

• MWD Applications

ä Correlation (open & cased hole)

ä Marker Bed ID

ä Casing / Coring Point Selection

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Resistivity Service

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6 3/4” Modular MPR

Figure 2: 6 3/4” Modular MPR Tool

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11 Sept. 2000

NaviGator - RNT

28318

Bit

Bearing Assembly

with Stabilizer

AdjustableKick Off Sub

SleeveStabilizer

PositiveDisplacement

Motor

Inclinometer (12.7ft)Receiver Antennas (15ft)

Upper Transmitter

Azimuthal Gamma (13.8ft)

Lower Transmitter

(4.2m)

(3.9m)(4.6m)

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• Battery Powered only

• 3 3/4” Borehole minimum

• 30 meter radius sliding

• 2 MHz and 400 KHz Phase and Attenuation

• 4 borehole compensated resistivity measurements

• Better than 0.5 mmho accuracy (2MHz Phase)

• 0.1 to 3000 ohm-meter range (2 MHz Phase)

• Weight 77 kg

• Length 2.28m

• 150C & 20,000 psi

Ultra Slim MPR - 3 1/8”

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MPR - Multiple Propagation Resistivity

ä Transmits electromagnetic waves into formation and measures the change in physical character of the wave on its return.

ä The change in physical character of wave gives an indication of the Resistivity of the drilled formation.

ä High Resistivity Hydrocarbons !!!! – maybe perhaps

Low Resistivity Water …..

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Resistivity0.2 2000Ohmm’s

Shale

Sand

Shale

Shale

Sand

1 10 100 1000

Hydrocarbon

waterDeep

Shallow

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Caliper Corrected Neutron Sub(CCN)

• AmBe source in tool emits neutrons into formation. Maximum absorption of neutron energy occurs with Hydrogen.

• A measurement of returning energy at Lithium6 scintillation detectors is taken and this is equated to a Porosity value of the formation

• Porosity is amount of space between grains.

Source

Detectors

M30 Hatch

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Neutron - CCN45 -15Porosity

Shale

Sand

Shale

Shale

Sand

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Optimized Rotating Density (ORD)

• Caesium source emits high energy gamma radiation into formation. The amount of returning energy is measured at the detectors - NaI scintillator.

• The amount of energy absorption can be related to bulk density of formation. Low absorption - low bulk density and vice versa.

Low bulk density - sand

Spacer Ring

Source

Detectors

ASO #3ASO #2

ASO #1

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Density - ORD1.95 2.95G/cc

Shale

Sand

Shale

Shale

Sand

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Density and Neutron

45 -15Neutron

Shale

Sand

Shale

Shale

Sand

1.95 2.95Density

Gas

Liquid

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Slimhole Density Neutron Sub(SDN)

• Collar Size

ä 4 3/4"

• Hole Size / Blade Stabilizer Size

ä 5 7/8” - 6 3/4"

• blade stabilizers should be minimum 1/4" undergauge

• hatch covers are 1/8” recessed from the blades

• Nominal Sub Length

ä 16 feet (4.9m)

• Max. Temperature

ä 320 deg F / 150 deg C

• Acoustic Standoff Sensor

ä measures Standoff with1 transmitter (No Caliper)

• Porosity Detectors - LFIN Design

• Density - “Stand-off Binning Technique”

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Acoustic ServiceAcoustic Service

Monopole 1Monopole 1

Monopole 2Monopole 2

Dipole YDipole YDipole XDipole X

APX

XMAC

APX FEATURESAPX FEATURES

- Porosity

- Hydrocarbon Identification 32ft

- Correlation: seismic tie-inlithological

- Pore pressure/fracture pressure determination

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Rock Mechanics

Applications

φ = ∆t - ∆tma

∆tf - ∆tmaAcoustic Porosity

DT Density

Seismic Tie

Overburden

Hydrostatic

Actual

Predicted

Pore Pressure

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Modular Advanced Pressure Sub - MAP

• MAP™ Service features and benefits

ä Annular and Internal pressure sensors

ä Improved drilling performance through real-time ECD monitoring.

ä Optimised hole cleaning

ä Fewer circulation losses

ä Reduced stuck pipe / wellbore stability risks

ä Faster/more accurate LOT / FIT procedures

ä Flow-on and flow off measurements

ä Flow-off pressure data are recorded in on-board memory for detailed, post-well analysis.

ä Minimum and maximum pressures determined during flow-off are transmitted to the surface once circulation resumes.

Modular

Modular

3.9 ft(1.2m)

2.1 ft(0.63m)

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TesTrak – Formation Pressure Sampler

7,14

m /

23,4

3 ft

6,09

m /1

9,98

ft S

enso

r O

ffse

t

Pad Sealing Element

Memory Dump Port

8 1/8” Stabilizer

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11 Sept. 2000

LWD Formation Pressure Testing

• Fast and Reliable Pressure Measurements

• Test Uncontaminated Formation Fluid • Test within Minutes not Days or Week (DST)

• Reduce Rig Time on Expensive Deep Water Rigs

• No Additional Logging Time After Drilling

• Horizontal Application

• Options for Geo-Steering

• Pore Pressure Calibration

• Annular Pressure While Drilling

• Control Overbalance / ECD (Deep Water)

• Real-time automated Flow Rate Analysis

• Test Oil Compartments for Reservoir Connectivity

4632 .13 4631 .97

4631 .97

3 0 0 0

3 5 0 0

4 0 0 0

4 5 0 0

5 0 0 0

5 5 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 9 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 5 0 1 7 0

T i m e , s e c

Pre

ss

ure

, p

si

-10

1 0

3 0

5 0

7 0

9 0

1 1 0

1 3 0

1 5 0

Dra

wd

ow

n V

olu

me

, c

m3

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• Lead the industry in developing a modular, cost-effective automated directional drilling system

• Automated directional drilling system to provide steering-while-rotating and reduced-tortuosity-

directional drilling capabilities

Rotary Closed Loop System

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11 Sept. 2000

AutoTrak Generation PlanAutoTrak Generation Plan

RNT

ATK1.51.5

ATK2, OnTrak & BCPM = ATK3.0

ATK 2 BCPMOnTrak

3.0

ATK2, BCPM & RNT = ATK2.5

ATK2 RNT

VMM, MEM SPACER, MEM, BAT, MASTER, DIR

XOShort flex

2.5

BCPM

VMM, MEM SPACER, MEM, BAT, MASTER, DIR

11 Sept. 2000

AutoTrak Benefits

• Continuous steering while rotatingä Improved hole cleaning (sliding v rotary drilling)

ä Improved gross ROP (fewer BHA trips)

ä Reduced chance of differential sticking

• Automated drilling controlä Improved horizontal TVD control

ä Reduced tortuosity - less torque and drag

• Reservoir navigationä Realtime control of hole direction

ä MPR, GR

• Optimized performanceä PDC bits chosen for performance instead of steerability

ä Optional Navidrill operation

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11 Sept. 2000

Modular Tool Configuration

OnTrak™BCPM ATK G3

AutoTrakSteering Unit

OnTrak Sensor ModuleBi-directional CommunicationPower

Optimized RotationalDensity

Caliper CorrectedNeutron

InclinationPressure

Gamma

Resistivity

Directional

Vibration & Stick-Slip

APLS S M

OnTrak™BCPM ATK G3OnTrak™BCPM ATK G3

AutoTrakSteering Unit

OnTrak Sensor ModuleBi-directional CommunicationPower

Bi-directional CommunicationPower

Optimized RotationalDensity

Caliper CorrectedNeutron

InclinationPressure

Gamma

Resistivity

Directional

Vibration & Stick-Slip

APLS S M

Triple Combo service - Newest AutoTrak G3 Configuration

11 Sept. 2000

MWD Benefits

• Directional control

• Relief well drilling

• Bottom hole location

• Casing seat selection

• Gas influx identification

• Lithological identification

• Offset well correlation

• Coring point selection

• Invasion profiling• Pore pressure analysis• Geosteering in high

angle wells• Hydrocarbon

identification• Shallow gas control• Cost effective wireline

replacement

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11 Sept. 2000

Advantage Concept

Engineering

Drilling Systems

Completions

Reports

SurveysMWD

Wireline

Directional

Geological

Fluids

Surface Sensors

Cementing

(Third Party)

11 Sept. 2000

Advantage HARDWAREUtilizing SARA Acquisition

ETHERNET

SAFE AREA

ZONE 1

NT PC

SWWP, SWWP-DASTOOL

SARA

HOOKLOAD

PRESSURETRANSDUCER

RD DIALRPM - optional

TORQUE - optional

CALBOX

DEPTHENCODER

POWERCOMPOD

POWERCOMMODULE

ARCNET

PRINTER

PLOTTER

BartecVSS Display

ETHERNET

NT PC

HAZ JUNCTION

BOX

HAZ JUNCTION

BOX

HAZ JUNCTION

BOX

SPP RDD

F.Optic Media Converter

HUB

CABIN

ADVANTAGE RACKMOUNT

OFFLINE DELL