18-8-21 kentucky principals - p...language is the medium of our interpersonal relationships, the...
TRANSCRIPT
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DesigningandTeachingCommunication-FocusedActivitiesAcrossDisciplines
JeffZwiersAugust21,[email protected]/BG
OVERVIEW
I. Pseudo- vs.AuthenticCommunication
II. FeaturesofAuthenticCommunication
III. RationaleforConversationWork
IV. ConversationSupportActivities
V. PossibleNextSteps
JeffZwiersUnderstanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
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StudentsWhoBenefitfromPeerInteractions
Doyouhaveanystudentswhowanttolearn,buttoooftenthey:
• aren’tmotivatedenoughbypoints,grades,&praise?
• havelearnedto“play”school?• dothebareminimum?• haveadeptlyfiguredouthowtotalkaslittleas
possibleinactivitiesthatrequiretalk?• feelliketheydon’tbelong?• struggleacademicallybecauseoflanguage?• needextratime• appeartolack“growthmindset”and“grit”
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
CommunicatingtoLearn
“Languageislearned,notbecausewewanttotalkorreadorwriteaboutlanguage,butbecausewewanttotalkandreadandwriteabouttheworld.Especiallyforchildren,languageisthemediumofourinterpersonalrelationships,themediumofourmentallife,themediumoflearningabouttheworld.”
--CourtneyCazden (1977)
JeffZwiersMartinNystrand,LilyWongFillmore,KenjiHakuta,DavidPearson,JamesGee,GuadalupeValdés,Aída Walqui
NeilMercer,HughMehan,LevVygotsky,JohnDewey,PierreBourdieu,JeromeBruner,LaurenResnick,CourtneyCazden
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Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
Usingwordsandothermeaning-carrierstoshareinformationfordoingmeaningfulthings(building,creating,changing,deciding,clarifying,negotiating,arguing,etc.)thatjustonepersoncan’tdo.(R-W-L-S-C)
Sowhat?
Usingwordsandothermeaning-carrierstoshareinformationanddothings
forreasonsotherthanusingtheinformationin
meaningfulways(e.g.,forgettingpoints&praise,
showinglearning,winning,etc.)
IDEA
Authentic Communication FeaturesFor developing content, thinking, language, and social skills
q Purposefulbuildingofidea(s)
q Informationgap(s)
q Ifneeded,thereisattentiontolanguageinserviceofcommunication
(Languagemodeling&scaffolding,sentenceframes,practice,feedback,etc.)
IDEA:Understandingofhowauthorsdevelopthemesto
prepareforwritingmyownstory.
HowChristopherColumbusshouldbeportrayedinhistorybooks.Howtodesignaphysicalmodelthatshowshowtectonicplatemovementcausesearthquakes
WheneverIhavetwoofthethreevariablesofdistance,time,&
speed,Icanfigureoutthethird.
Clarify
Support
SupportSupport
SupportClarify
Clarify
Clarify
Clarify
Clarify
ClarifySupport
Clarify
Support
Support ClarifyClarify
Clarify
ClarifySupport
Clarify
Clarify ClarifySupport Clarify
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
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What are Ideasthat students would-could-should build?
ClaimConclusionArgumentSolutionPatternPlanInferencePredictionProcedureRelationship
InterpretationConceptOpinionTheoryPerspectiveThemeStoryHypothesis ApproachExplanation
Animalsuseenergytogrow,heal,andkeepwarm.Theenergythatanimalshaveoriginatedfromthesun.Wedividethenumberswhenit’s
cutupintoequalparts.Brianbecamemoreindependentoutinthewilderness.IcanusethestoryofwhenImovedheretoshowthethemeofovercomingfears.
Youneedtothinkaboutbiaswhenusingprimarysourcesinhistory.
Alllifeneedswater.Isaywecomeupwithtwoequationswiththesametwovariables.
Geographyinfluencesthebeliefsandcustomsofpeoplewholiveinit.
IthinkweshouldallbemorelikeMontag,evenifweloseeverythingwehave.TheEuropeanexplorersweremotivatedmostlybygreed.Icanuseabaseballbat,baseball,
andacartoshowNewton’s3laws.Multiplyingfractionsmakesthemevensmaller.
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
BuildingIdeasMindset(RWLSC)FosteringVoice,Agency,Autonomy,Engagement,…
WhatideasamI/webuildingthisweekandhowdothesetasks&textshelp?
WhatnewideascanIstartbuildingtoday?
HowcanIhelpothersbuildtheirideasamuchaspossible?
Isthisideaasclearandstrongaspossible?(HowcanIavoidbeingaskedr toclarifyandsupportit?)
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Building Ideas
JeffZwiers
Whateverstudentsdo, itshouldhelptobuildupideas.
Language
Authentic
Communication
ContentReading
Writing
Speaking
Listening
Thinking Skills Homework
Assessment
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
Technology
QUIZ:Rankthefollowingclasseswithrespecttotheirpotentialfordevelopinglanguage.
______SocialStudies______History______ELA______ESL/ELD______Math______Science
JeffZwiersUnderstanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
Home&Community
Instruction
PeerInteractions
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Context• 1stgradescience• Englishlearners• Firstdayoftheunitonanimals
ThisClip
Afterlookingatpicturesinthebeginningoftheunit,studentsareasked“Whathelpstheslowpufferfishstayalive?”
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
Focus Learning on Building Ideas (from the start)
Stronger-Clearer Each Time Activities
CONVERSATIONSKILLSSUPPORTACTIVITIESforFosteringConversationSkills&AuthenticCommunication
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1. Promptforanoriginalresponse2. Successivepartners:borrowandusethelanguage,ideas,
andevidenceeachtime-->• Stronger (oftenlonger)withbettersupportingevidenceandexamples,and
• Clearer withmoreprecisetermsandlinked,organized,completesentences.
3. Listenerspushforclarification&support,andofferideas4. Scaffoldsarereducedduringtheactivity.
Designing“Stronger&ClearerEachTime”Activities
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
VideoofStronger-Clearer
BryantHighSchool
ELA/ELD
PrepworkforreadingAnimalFarm
OpinionContinuum:Communismvs.Capitalism
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Name
Respondtoapersonwholooksatyousittingonthecouchandsays,“Youhavenoenergy.”
Me (justtwoorthreekeywords,ifany)
1.
2.
3.
Me
“Stronger&ClearerEachTime”Grid
Youareascientistwhowantstousethisasateaching
opportunity.
Whatiscultureandwhydoesitmatter?
Youareanexpertingovernment
changerespondingtothisquestionbyourcurrentleaders
Howdoesdialogueinastoryhelpusgettoknowcharacters?
(Youareanauthoransweringthisquestionfroma
reader)
Whatisthemostimportantthemeinthisstoryformiddleschoolstudentstoday?Why?
Youarerecommendingto
theschoolboardthatthisbookbereadin
7th Gr.English
Howarememoriesstoredinthebrain?
Youaredoctoransweringthisquestionfroma
patient.
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
Whyistheequationoftheunitcirclex2 +y2 =1?
Youareateacherwhowillpresentonthistopictofuture
students.
Name
Ifatirerotatesat400revolutionsperminutewhenthecaristraveling72km/h,whatisthecircumferenceofthetire?Solve andexplain.
Me (justtwoorthreekeywords,ifany)
1.
2.
3.
Me
“Stronger&ClearerEachTime”Grid
Onewayinwhichorallanguageinfluencesreadingis…because...Astudentwithastrongcommandoforallanguagecanread...Eventhough.....Idisagreewithyou...
Howcandevelopingstudents’orallanguage(speaking,listening,conversing)influencereadingandwriting(andcontentlearning)?
Youwillpresenttoteachersonthistopic.
Listenerscan&should:- Promptforclarification- Promptforsupport- Helpwith“Whatabout…?”
10sec“takew/me”JigsawvariationFolloww/conversation
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Conversation Skills & Activities
Build up an Idea (at least to here)
Pose IdeaSupport Clarify
Handmotions
ConstructiveConversationSkills:BuildinganIdea
• Ask?’s• Define• Elaborate• Paraphrase• Negotiate• Analogy
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Build up an Idea (at least to here)
Idea
Support Clarify
Handmotions
ConstructiveConversationSkills:BuildinganIdea
SupportClarify
ClarifySupport
Support
Support
Build up an Idea (at least to here)
Evaluate
& Compare
Idea
Support Clarify
ConstructiveConversationSkills:CollaborativeArgument
SupportClarify
ClarifySupport
Support
Support
Build up 2nd Idea (at least to here)Competing Idea
Support Clarify
Support Clarify
Clarify Support
Support
Support
Evaluate
& Compare
Evaluate
& Compare
Handmotions
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ImprovingConversations
D:Weshouldbeabletovote.F: Iagree.Anddrivecarsaround,youknow,getlicenses.D:Idrovemyuncle’scaroutsidethecitywhenIwas12.F:Where’dyougo?D:Ontheroadsbyhishouse,butthenintoapond.F:Maybeyoushouldn’tgetalicenseyet.
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
L: Ithinkthethemeisforgiveothers.M: Idisagreewithyou.L:Why?M:Cuz it’snotfair.Peopleshouldbepunished.
Buildupthefirstideafirst!!!!!!!
Conversation - 5th Gr. ELA/ELD
Context• 5th gradeLanguageArts/ELDclass• Advancedandearlyintermediate
ThisClip• AfterreadinganallegoryfortheHolocaust,studentsdiscusswhatcouldhavehappenediftheanimalshadstoodtogether.
• Theypracticestatingopinions, paraphrasing,andclarifying
Understanding Language Language,Literacy,&LearningintheContentAreas JeffZwiers
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Constructive Conversations in 9th ELA
Context
• Sheltered9thgradeEnglishclass
• Intermediateandearlyadvancedspeakers.
• HavereadToKillaMockingbirdandOfMiceandMen
• Focalconversationskill:supportingyourideaswithexamplesfromatext.
• Somepromptsareontheboard
ThisClip• Prompt:“Whatdoyouthinkanimportantthemeinthisbookis?”• Howdotheyclarifyandsupportideas?(“Whatdoescouragemean?”“Canyouelaborateonthat?”“Canyougiveanexamplefromanotherbook?“Howdoesthisapplytoourlife?”)
SocialSkills,RelationshipsVoice,Empathy,Equity,
Agency,Identity,Belonging
The Power of Collaborative Conversations (Why face-to-face communication is worth it)
CONTENT:Clarify,Use,&Reinforce
LANGUAGE:Input+Output
ACADEMICTHINKING:Critical&Creative
FORMATIVEASSESSMENT
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Idea Building Cards(Why? Can you clarify…? Can you give another reason?)
1. HandoutcardsandhavestudentsputstarterideaontheIdeacard.
2. EitherstudentcanthenaskaclarifyorsupportquestionandslipaClarify orSupport cardundertheIdea cardasawayto"builditup."Theotherstudentclarifiesorsupportsandalsoputstheacardunderneath.(Don’twriteonthese)
3. Theycontinuetoslipcardsunderneaththeideatobuilditupashighaspossible.Ifitisanargument,afterbuildingupbothideas(twostacksofcards),theyevaluateandcompare,placingtheirEvaluateandComparecardsbetweenthetwostacks.
4. Bothstudentsshouldbepreparedtodescribe(synthesize)theidea(s)
Support
SupportClarify
ClarifySupport
Support
ClarifyClarify
IDEA: The sun is necessary.
IDEA: The sun is necessary.
Improvepair-shares: (&Increasefrequency)A)PromptforpurposefulbuildingofideasB)Listenerpromptstalkertoclarify andsupport inordertohelpbuildupidea(>1)C)StructuretimeforAandBstudents
Have2nd and3rd pair-shares(e.g.,Stronger-Clearer)inwhichstudentspractice,pushandarepushedtosupport ideasandclarify,toimproveideas
Weaveconversationskills(buildingideas,clarifying,supporting) intoallactivities(wheneverstudentsread,write,listen,speak)
Modelconversations&analyzethemforconversationskills
Havestudentsengageinconversationsaboutlearnedtopics;andself-assess.(10Khrs)
Modelbeingaconversationcoach-observer;Athirdstudenttakesnotes,stackscards,providesfeedbacktohelpdeepenandextendpairedconversations
