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S.Y.B.M.S (A) INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

THAILAND

Political name:Conventional long form: Kingdom of ThailandConventional short form: ThailandFormer: Siam

Capital: Bangkok

Area:Total: 514,000 sq kmLand: 511,770 sq kmWater: 2,230 sq km

Languages spoken:Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects The Thailanguage is Thailand's national language, written in its own alphabet, but many ethnicand regional dialects exist as well as areas where people speak predominantly Isan orKhmer. Although English is widely taught in schools, proficiency is low.

Literacy rate:Total population: 92.6%Male: 94.9%Female: 90.5% (2002)

Religion:According to the last census (2000) 94.6% of Thais are Buddhists of the Theravadatradition. Muslims are the second religious group in Thailand at 4.6%. Most of them areethnic Malays and they are mostly concentrated in the south, where they form a strongmajority in four provinces. Christians, mainly Catholics, represent 0.75% of thepopulation. A tiny but influential community of Sikhs and some Hindus also live in thecountry's cities.

Per-capita income: $8,300 (2005 est.)

Purchasing power parity: $545.8 billion (2005 est.)

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Political system:The king has little direct power under the constitution but is the anointed protector ofThai Buddhism and a symbol of national identity and unity. The present monarch enjoysa great deal of popular respect and moral authority, which has on occasion been used to

resolve political crises. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointedby the king from among the members of the lower house of parliament, usually the leaderof the party that can organize a majority coalition government.

The bicameral Thai parliament is the National Assembly (, rathasapha) whichconsists of a House of Representatives (, sapha phuthaen ratsadon) of500 seats and a Senate (, wuthisapha) of 200 seats. Members of both houses areelected by popular vote. The House of Representatives is elected by the first-past-the-postsystem, where only one candidate with a simple majority will be elected in oneconstituency. The Senate is elected based on the province system, where one provincecan return more than one Senator depending on its population size. Members of House of

Representatives serve four-year terms, while Senators serve six-year terms. The law courtsystem (, san) has three layers, the highest judicial body being the Supreme Court(, sandika) whose judges is directly appointed by the monarch.

King: Bhumibol Adulyadej

Prime Minister: Thaksin Shinawatra

History:Thailand's origin is traditionally tied to the short-lived kingdom of Sukhothai founded in

1238, after which the larger kingdom of Ayutthaya was established in the mid-14thcentury. Thai culture was greatly influenced by both China and India. Contact withvarious European powers began in the 16th century but, despite continued pressure,Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by aEuropean power, though Western influence, including the threat of force, led to manyreforms in the 19th century and major concessions to British mercantile interests,including the loss of the 3 southern provinces, which later became Malaysia's 3 northernstates.

The Thais are very proud that they were never colonized by a European power. There aretwo main reasons for this: it was left as a buffer state between parts of Asia that were

colonized by the French and the British and Thailand had a series of very able rulers inthe 1800s.

A mostly bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. Knownpreviously as Siam, the country first changed its name to Thailand in 1939, anddefinitively in 1949 after reverting to the old name post-World War II. During thatconflict Thailand was in a loose alliance with Japan; following its conclusion Thailand

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became an ally of the United States. Thailand then saw a series of military coups d'tat,but progressed towards democracy from the 1980s onward.

The official calendar in Thailand is based on the Buddhist Era, which is 543 years aheadof the western calendar. For example, the year AD 2006 is equal to the year 2549 BE.

On 26 December 2004 the southwest coast of Thailand was devastated by a tsunamifollowing the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In places it was as high as 10 meters. Itkilled more than 5,000 people in Thailand, half of them tourists.

Culture:Theravada Buddhism is central to modern Thai identity and belief. In areas in theSouthernmost parts of Thailand, Islam is prevalent. Many different ethnic groupspopulate different parts of Thailand, some of these groups overlapping much intoMyanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia, and many of these groups sociallymarginalized in Thailand. Ethnic Chinese form a significant part of Thai society,

particularly in and around Bangkok, and many positions of economic and political powerare held by ethnic Chinese, including the Prime Minister.

Worship of ancestors is a large part of Thai spiritual practice, as well as charity towardsBuddhist monks. Thais have a very strong sense of graciousness and hospitality, but alsoa strong sense of social hierarchy. Honorifics are important in day-to-day Thai speech,especially titles of seniority.

Muay Thai, or Thai boxing, is the national sport in Thailand and its native martial art. Itreached popularity all over the world in the 1990s. Similar martial art styles exist in othersoutheast Asian countries.

The standard greeting in Thailand is a prayer-like gesture called the wai. Taboos includetouching someone's head or pointing with the feet, as the head is considered the highestand the foot the lowest part of the body. Stepping over someone, or over food, isconsidered insulting. Books and other documents are considered the most revered ofsecular objects - therefore one should not slide a book across a table or place it on thefloor.

Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and the King is extremely respected and revered. Itis illegal to insult the Royal Family.

Thai cuisine blends five fundamental tastes: sweet, spicy, sour, bitter and salty.

Main agricultural products:Rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans

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Main industrial products:Textiles and garments, agricultural products, beverages, tobacco, cement, lightmanufacturing such as jewelry, electric appliances and components, computers and parts,integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, world's second-largest tungsten producer, and third-largest tin producer.

Economy:With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and pro-investmentpolicies, Thailand appears to have fully recovered from the 1997-98 Asian FinancialCrisis. The country was one of East Asia's best performers in 2002-04. Boosted byincreased consumption, high investment spending, and strong export growth the Thaieconomy grew 6.9% in 2003 and 6.1% in 2004 despite a sluggish global economy.Bangkok has pursued preferential trade agreements with a variety of partners in an effortto boost exports and to maintain high growth.

In 2004 Thailand and the United States began negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement.In late December 2004, a major tsunami took 8,500 lives in Thailand and caused massivedestruction of property in the southern provinces of Krabi, Phangnga, and Phuket.Growth slowed to 4.6% in 2005. The downturn can be attributed to high oil prices,weaker demand from Western markets, and severe drought in rural regions, tsunami-related declines in tourism, and lower consumer confidence. Moreover, the THAKSINadminitration's expansionist economic policies, including multi-billion-dollar mega-projects in infrastructure and social development, has raised concerns about fiscaldiscipline and the health of financial institutions. On the positive side, the Thai economyperformed well beginning in the third quarter of 2005. Export-oriented manufacturing - inparticular automobile production - and farm output are driving these gains.

In 2006 the economy should benefit from an influx of investment and stronger privateconsumption; however, a possible avian flu epidemic could significantly harm economicprospects throughout the region.

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Indias total exports & imports:

Year Exports %

Change

Imports %

Change

1997-98 344.90 -22.92 233.60 18.36

1998-99 320.92 -6.95 273.05 16.89

1999-00 449.92 40.20 328.17 20.18

2000-01 528.69 17.51 314.97 -4.02

2001-02 634.73 20.06 424.49 34.77

The main items of exports from India included gems and jewellery, drugs andpharmaceuticals, oil meals, marine products, cotton yarn, fabrics and made ups, dyes and

intermediates, machinery and instruments.

The main items of imports by India from Thailand include electronic goods, artificialresins, textile yarn, fabric and made ups, machinery, pearl and semi precious stones, ironand steel, transport equipment and natural rubber.

Market groups: Thailand is an active member of the regional Association of SoutheastAsian Nations.

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POLAND

Political name:Conventional long form: Republic of PolandConventional short form: PolandLocal long form: Rzeczpospolita PolskaLocal short form: Polska

Capital: Warsaw

Area:Total: 312,685 sq km

Land: 304,465 sq kmWater: 8,220 sq km

Languages spoken:Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)

Literacy rate:Definition: age 15 and over can read and writeTotal population: 99.8%Male: 99.8%Female: 99.7% (2003 EST.)

Religion:Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%,other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)

Per-capita income:

$12,700 (2005 est.)

Purchasing power parity:$489.3 billion (2005 est.)

Political system:The Republic of Poland is a state with a republican political system in which the supremepower is vested in the Nation (viz. its citizens). Poland is a parliamentary democracy,

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which means that all of its citizens have the right to take an active part in governing thestate, have a constitutionally guaranteed influence over its fate, and enjoy equal rights.

The Polish political system consists of state institutions, political parties, and thelegislation (the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, statutory law, and the executive

acts and decrees).

Poland is governed by means of a mixed parliamentary and cabinet system. Power isdivided between the legislative authority (exercised by the Sejm, Senate and, to a certainextent, the Constitutional Tribunal), the executive authority (the President, PrimeMinister, and the Council of Ministers), and the judicial authority (an independentjudicial system, with general, administrative, and military courts).

All these elements of the Polish political system act in cooperation with one another.During general parliamentary elections the people of Poland elect their representatives,who are usually associated with specific political parties. These parties then take seats in

the Sejm and Senate depending on the number of votes they receive in the election.

President: Lech Kaczyski

Prime Minister: Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz

History:Poland began to form into a recognizable unitary and territorial entity around the middleof the 10th century under the Piast dynasty. Poland's first historically documented ruler,Mieszko I, was baptized in 966, adopting Catholic Christianity as the country's newofficial religion, to which the bulk of the population converted in the course of the nextcentury. In the 12th century Poland fragmented into several smaller states, which werelater ravaged by the Mongol armies of the Golden Horde in 1241. In 1320 Wadysaw Ibecame the King of the reunified Poland. His son Kazimierz Wielki repaired the Polisheconomy, built new castles and won the war against the Russian dukedom (Lwwbecame a Polish City).Its golden age occurred in the 16th century. During the following century, thestrengthening of the gentry and internal disorders weakened the nation. In a series ofagreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Polandamongst themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun byGermany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite statefollowing the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor

turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that overtime became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and thepresidency. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country totransform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe, but Poland stillfaces the lingering challenges of high unemployment, underdeveloped and dilapidatedinfrastructure, and a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house ofParliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to

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reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the EuropeanUnion in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largelycompleted, Poland is an increasingly active member of European organizations.

Culture:Polish culture has a rich thousand-year history influenced from both west and east.Today, we can see these influences in Polish architecture, folklore and art. Poland hasalso had a strong influence on the countries surrounding it. Poland offers a wide spectrumof cultural experience. Those interested in high culture will enjoy the renowned musicfestivals like Wratislavia Cantans and the Warsaw Autumn. Polish museums exhibitremarkable art collections - masterpieces including Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with anErmine in the Czartoryski Museum, Krakw; the Veit Stoss High Altar in St. Mary'sBasilica, Krakw; and the Last Judgement by Hans Memling (The National Museum in

Gdask). Ethnographic museums and open-air museums also hold attractive collections.The panorama of Polish culture is completed by a medley of local festivals.

Main agricultural products:Potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy

Main industrial products:Clothes, electronics, cars, buses, helicopters, planes, ships, military engineering,medicines, food, chemical products, iron and steel, coal, glass etc.

Economy:Poland has steadfastly pursued a policy of economic liberalization throughout the 1990sand today stands out as a success story among transition economies. Even so, muchremains to be done, especially in bringing down the unemployment rate-currently thehighest in the EU. The privatization of small and medium-sized state-owned companiesand a liberal law on establishing new firms has encouraged the development of theprivate business sector, but legal and bureaucratic obstacles alongside persistentcorruption are hampering its further development. Poland's agricultural sector remainshandicapped by surplus labor, inefficient small farms, and lack of investment.Restructuring and privatization of "sensitive sectors" (e.g., coal, steel, railroads, andenergy), while recently initiated, have stalled. Reforms in health care, education, thepension system, and state administration have resulted in larger-than-expected fiscal

pressures. Further progress in public finance depends mainly on reducing losses in Polishstate enterprises, restraining entitlements, and overhauling the tax code to incorporate thegrowing gray economy and farmers, most of whom pay no tax. The previous Socialist-ledgovernment introduced a package of social and administrative spending cuts to reducepublic spending by about $17 billion through 2007, but full implementation of the planwas trumped by election-year politics in 2005. The right-wing Law and Justice party wonparliamentary elections in September, and Lech KACZYNSKI won the presidentialelection in October, running on a state-interventionist fiscal and monetary platform.

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Poland joined the EU in May 2004, and surging exports to the EU contributed to Poland'sstrong growth in 2004, though its competitiveness could be threatened by the zloty'sappreciation. GDP per capita roughly equals that of the three Baltic states. Poland standsto benefit from nearly $23.2 billion in EU funds, available through 2006. Farmers havealready begun to reap the rewards of membership via booming exports, higher food

prices, and EU agricultural subsidies.


Year Indias exportsto Poland

Indias imports fromPoland

Turnover

US$million

Growth% US$million

Growth%

US$million

2000 140.00 -16% 48.00 (-38%) 188.00

2001 157.20 +12% 94.40 (+96%) 251.60

2002 182.97 +16.4% 34.35 (-64%) 217.32

2003 (Jan-Nov)

185.14 23.62% 64.62 (+126.48%) 249.76

Main items of export:Tea, Coffee, Spices, Textiles, Drugs/Pharmaceuticals, Machinery/Instruments, Auto parts, Surgical items etc.Main items of import:Machinery except electric and electronic, Artificial resins, Plastic material, on-ferrousmetals, Machine Tools etc.

Market groups: Poland is part ofEuropean Union

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ZIMBABWE

Political name:Conventional long form: Republic of ZimbabweConventional short form: ZimbabweFormer: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia

Capital: Harare

Area:

Total: 390,580 sq kmLand: 386,670 sq kmWater: 3,910 sq km

Languages spoken:English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes calledNdebele).

Literacy rate:Total population: 90.7%Male: 94.2%

Female: 87.2% (2003 est.)

Religion:Syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs24%, Muslim and other 1%.

Per-capita income: $1,900

Purchasing power parity: $23.98 billion

Political system:Form of Government in Zimbabwe is Constitutional Democracy.

The Constitution of Zimbabwe is the supreme law of the country. Other sourcesinclude Acts of Parliament, common law and customary law. Principal institutionsestablished by the Constitution are the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. TheConstitution also enshrines a justifiable Declaration of Rights.

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The Zimbabwean Constitution provides for an elected Executive President who isHead of State, Head of Government, and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces andhas the power to appoint cabinet and dissolve Parliament.

The executive authority vests in the President and it may be exercised by him directly

or through cabinet, the Vice- President/s, a Minister or Deputy Minister. In exercising hisexecutive authority the president is required to act on the advice of cabinet except incases where the Constitution or any other Act makes it lawful.

The legislature comprises Parliament and the President. Parliament consists of 150members, of whom 120 are elected, 10 are traditional leaders (chiefs), 8 are ProvincialGovernors appointed by the President and are ex officio members and the rest areappointed directly by the President. Parliament has a lifespan of five years after which itis dissolved and general elections are held.

The function of the Legislature is to make laws for the peace, order and good governance

of Zimbabwe. The power to make laws is exercised by billls passed in Parliament andassented to by the President.

The Constitution provides for the independence of the Judiciary. It states that members ofthe Judiciary shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person orauthority in exercising their duty.

The Judiciary comprises the Superior Courts (i.e. the Supreme Court and the High Court),the Inferior Courts (i.e. the Magistrates Courts and the Local Courts) and special courts ortribunals such as the Small Claims Court, the Administrative Court and the LabourRelations Tribunal.

President: Robert Mugabe

History:The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the governmentunilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act anddemanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country(then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free electionsin 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's firstprime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has

dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic landredistribution campaign begun in 2000 caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled theeconomy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoringinternational condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure hisreelection. Opposition and labor groups launched general strikes in 2003 to pressureMUGABE to retire early; security forces continued their brutal repression of regimeopponents.

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Culture:Food- Like in many African countries, a majority of Zimbabweans depend on staplefoods, the most popular, sadza, is a white maize porridge also known in South Africa asmielies. The flour used to make sadza can be made into several other flour foods whichare eaten all across Africa, the most common being ugali as it is known in Kenya. Sadza

would be likely to be served at breakfast and ugali at supper. Meat is also eaten but not asoften. Usually, during a holiday like Christmas, for example, a goat may be slaughteredand roasted; this is called nyama choma. White Zimbabweans(including nativezimbabweans as well), like white South Africans, enjoy having a barbecue or braai,oftencalled "gochi-gochi" in shona and has resulted in the proliferation of such places as"mereki" and "ziko" where people gather to spend their cash with friends which willoften include mielies.

Sport- Soccer is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe, although rugby and cricket alsohave a following, traditionally among the white minority.

Main agricultural products:Corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs.

Main industrial products:Mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallicores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear,foodstuffs, beverages.

Economy:The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as itstruggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued exchange rate, soaring

inflation, and bare shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, for example, drained hundreds of millions of dollars from theeconomy. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of thecountry's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in1998 to 133% at the end of 2004 and 246.7% in 2005, while the exchange rate fell from24 Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar to 15,200 in the same time period.

The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badlydamaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreignexchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs.

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Year Indias export Indias import Total

1997-98 24.71 17.79 42.50

1998-99 25.16 15.89 41.051999-00 19.0 14.42 33.42

2000-01 14.46 7.94 22.40

2001-02 12.53 18.53 31.06

2002-03 15.83 14.04 29.87

2003-04 23.49 16.35 39.84

Export Commodities : Drugs, pharmaceutical & fine chemicals; rubber manufacturedproducts except footwear; inorganic/organic/agro chemicals; guergum meal; cotton yarn,

fabrics, makeups; transport equipment; manmade yarn, fabrics; machinery & transport;manufacture of metalsImport commodities:Machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, crudeminerals; dyeing, tanning & colouring materials; pearls, precious and semi preciousstones; other commodities.

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The President of the Republic is the head of the state. He defines state policy. He iselected by direct, privy, universal suffrage for 5 years.The Parliament is the supreme representative legislative body. The operating Parliament,which was elected in December 1995, consists of two houses. The Senate has 47 seats

and the lower House, the "Mazhilis," has 67 seats. The elections to the lower House areconducted by direct, privy and universal suffrage. The elections to the Senate areconducted by indirect, privy voting. The term of office of Parliament is 4 years. The headof executive power in Kazakhstan is the government. The government is responsible tothe President in its activity and is accountable to the Parliament of the republic inconnexion with approval or alteration of the government programmes.

The important political decisions in the state can be approved by the President,Government and the Parliament of the Republic.

President:Nursultan Nazarbayev

Prime Minister: Daniyal Akhmetov

HistoryNative Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into theregion in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conqueredby Russia in the 18th century and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. Duringthe 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens wereencouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants(mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixtureand enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 caused many ofthese newcomers to emigrate. Current issues include: developing a cohesive nationalidentity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exportingthem to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth outside the oil, gas, andmining sectors; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreignpowers.

Culture:Kazakh culture began to develop in the 13th century. Kazakh culture is largely influencedby nomadic lifestyle and Islam however, Orthodox Christianity have also contributed.Kazakhs culture was influenced by Turkish and Arabian World. Kazakhs are sunnimuslims. Culture and tradition don't vary too much among Central Asia's Muslimnations.

Main agricultural products:Grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock

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Main industrial products:Oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromites, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold,silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery,electric motors, construction materials.

Economy:The Government of Kazakhstan plans to double its Gross domestic product (GDP) by2008 and triple by 2015 compared to 2000. The GDP growth was stable in last five years,and was higher than 9% (the second fastest growing economy in the world in real terms).The estimation for 2005 is 9.3 % growth in GDP. The GDP growth in 2004 was 9.4%.Kazakhstan's economy grew by 9.2% in 2003, buoyed by high world oil prices. GDPgrew 9.5% in 2002; it grew 13.2% in 2001, up from 9.8% in 2000.

The breakup of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse in demand forKazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products resulted in a short-term contraction ofthe economy, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. In 1995-97, the pace ofthe government program of economic reform and privatization quickened, resulting in a

substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. Kazakhstan enjoyed double-digitgrowth in 2000-01 - and more than 9% per year in 2002-05 - thanks largely to itsbooming energy sector, but also to economic reform, good harvests, and foreigninvestment.

The opening of the Caspian Consortium pipeline in 2001, from western Kazakhstan'sTengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially raised export capacity. Kazakhstan also hasbegun work on an ambitious cooperative construction effort with China to build an oilpipeline that will extend from the country's Caspian coast eastward to the Chinese border.The country has embarked upon an industrial policy designed to diversify the economyaway from overdependence on the oil sector, by developing light industry. The policyaims to reduce the influence of foreign investment and foreign personnel; the government

has engaged in several disputes with foreign oil companies over the terms of productionagreements, and tensions continue. Upward pressure on the local currency continued in2005 due to massive oil-related foreign-exchange inflows.

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Indias total exports:

Year Indias exportsto Kazakhstan

Indias imports fromKazakhstan

US$ million Growth% US$million

Growth%

2000-2001 50.08 84.18 14.04 4.33

2001-2002 45.7 -8.74 7.39 -47.33

2002-2003 46.88 2.58 12.73 72.14

2003-2004 74.81 59.58 9.26 -27.22

2004-2005 79.40 6.14 15.35 65.71

Products which are exported to Kazakhstan are Coffee, Tea, Mate and Spices,Pharmaceutical Products, Articles of Leather, Saddlery & Bags etc.Productswhich are imported from Kazakhstan are machinery, mineral Fuels, Oils,articles of Iron or Steel, Plastics and Articles Thereof etc.

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Bibliography

We have gathered the coreinformation from:-www.google.com

www.wikipedia.comwww.CIIonline.comwww.Cia.com

Last but not the least our Prof.Nadeem Merchant who has guidedus till the end and without whoseassistance this wouldnt have beingpossible.

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