Clicker Questions

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Chapter 17: Change of Phase

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When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the molecules left behind in the water

a) are less energetic.b) have decreased average speeds.c) result in lowered temperature.d) All of these.

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When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the molecules left behind in the water

a) are less energetic.b) have decreased average speeds.c) result in lowered temperature.d) All of these.

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When relatively slow-moving molecules condense from the air, the temperature of the remaining air tends to

a) remain unchanged.b) decrease.c) increase.d) spread out uniformly.

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When relatively slow-moving molecules condense from the air, the temperature of the remaining air tends to

a) remain unchanged.b) decrease.c) increase.d) spread out uniformly.

Explanation:Removal of slow molecules results in a greater proportion of fast ones in the air. Of course, the fastest at any moment may become the slowest with the next hit, so we speak of average molecular speeds.

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Put a saucer of water on your table. A process that then occurs is

a) evaporation.b) condensation.c) Both of these.d) None of these.

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Put a saucer of water on your table. A process that then occurs is

a) evaporation.b) condensation.c) Both of these.d) None of these.

Explanation:Both evaporation and condensation occur simultaneously—which rate is greater, if any, produces the net effect.

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When matter changes phase directly from solid to gas, we call the process

a) evaporation.b) condensation.c) sublimation.d) regelation.

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When matter changes phase directly from solid to gas, we call the process

a) evaporation.b) condensation.c) sublimation.d) regelation.

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We feel uncomfortable on a muggy day because water molecules are

a) evaporating from our moist bodies.b) condensing from our moist bodies.c) condensing from the atmosphere onto our

bodies.d) preventing evaporation.

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We feel uncomfortable on a muggy day because water molecules are

a) evaporating from our moist bodies.b) condensing from our moist bodies.c) condensing from the atmosphere onto our

bodies.d) preventing evaporation.

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The dew that forms on a cold soda can when taken from a refrigerator is due to

a) evaporation.b) condensation.c) sublimation.d) regelation.

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The dew that forms on a cold soda can when taken from a refrigerator is due to

a) evaporation.b) condensation.c) sublimation.d) regelation.

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When warm, moist air blows over the Pacific Ocean and meets the cold waters off the coast of San Francisco, the result is

a) fog.b) cloud cover.c) updrafts over the land.d) lowered humidity.

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When warm, moist air blows over the Pacific Ocean and meets the cold waters off the coast of San Francisco, the result is

a) fog.b) cloud cover.c) updrafts over the land.d) lowered humidity.

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The process of boiling water tends to

a) warm the water.b) cool the water.c) both warm and cool the water at the same time.d) have no effect on water's temperature.

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The process of boiling water tends to

a) warm the water.b) cool the water.c) both warm and cool the water at the same time.d) have no effect on water's temperature.

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Boiling and freezing can occur at the same time when water is subjected to

a) decreased temperatures.b) decreased atmospheric pressure.c) increased temperatures.d) increased atmospheric pressure.

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Boiling and freezing can occur at the same time when water is subjected to

a) decreased temperatures.b) decreased atmospheric pressure.c) increased temperatures.d) increased atmospheric pressure.

Comment:This is shown in the chapter-opener photo of Ron Hipschman with the Water Freezer exhibit at the Exploratorium in San Francisco.

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Regelation occurs due to water's

a) high specific heat.b) open-structured ice crystals c) high rate of expansion.d) slight tendency to freeze when temperature is

lowered.

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Regelation occurs due to water's

a) high specific heat.b) open-structured ice crystals c) high rate of expansion.d) slight tendency to freeze when temperature is

lowered.

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The melting point of a substance such as water is normally

a) higher than the freezing point.b) lower than the freezing point.c) the same as the freezing point.d) unrelated to the freezing point.

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The melting point of a substance such as water is normally

a) higher than the freezing point.b) lower than the freezing point.c) the same as the freezing point.d) unrelated to the freezing point.

Comment:Water freezes at 0ºC and ice melts at 0ºC. Likewise for the melting and freezing points of other substances.

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When salt is introduced to water, the temperature at which freezing takes place is

a) quite unaffected.b) lowered.c) increased.d) dependent on the shape of salt and ice crystals.

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When salt is introduced to water, the temperature at which freezing takes place is

a) quite unaffected.b) lowered.c) increased.d) dependent on the shape of salt and ice crystals.

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A common device that transfers heat from one location to another is

a) a refrigerator.b) a heat pump.c) an air conditioner.d) All of the above.

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A common device that transfers heat from one location to another is

a) a refrigerator.b) a heat pump.c) an air conditioner.d) All of the above.

Explanation:Both a refrigerator and an air conditioner are heat pumps.

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When steam condenses to water, energy is

a) absorbed by the steam.b) released by the steam.c) conserved as the phase change occurs.d) changed to a different form.

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When steam condenses to water, energy is

a) absorbed by the steam.b) released by the steam.c) conserved as the phase change occurs.d) changed to a different form.

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When water turns to ice, water molecules

a) absorb energy.b) release energy.c) retain their energy.d) lose the quality of wetness.

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When water turns to ice, water molecules

a) absorb energy.b) release energy.c) retain their energy.d) lose the quality of wetness.

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When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air is

a) cooled.b) warmed.c) Both. d) None of the above.

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When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air is

a) cooled.b) warmed.c) Both. d) None of the above.

Explanation:This is consistent with Figure 17.17, where the gas-to-solid phase change is in the direction of energy release.

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Steam burns are much more damaging than burns from boiling water because steam

a) has a higher temperature.b) contains more internal energy.c) is hotter.d) is gaseous.

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Steam burns are much more damaging than burns from boiling water because steam

a) has a higher temperature.b) contains more internal energy.c) is hotter.d) is gaseous.

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When ice changes phase to become water, energy is

a) absorbed.b) given off.c) unchanged.d) in effect multiplied.

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When ice changes phase to become water, energy is

a) absorbed.b) given off.c) unchanged.d) in effect multiplied.

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When a gas changes phase to become a plasma, energy is

a) absorbed.b) given off.c) unchanged.d) in effect multiplied.

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When a gas changes phase to become a plasma, energy is

a) absorbed.b) given off.c) unchanged.d) in effect multiplied.

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When a gas changes phase to become a solid, energy is

a) absorbed.b) given off.c) unchanged.d) in effect multiplied.

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When a gas changes phase to become a solid, energy is

a) absorbed.b) given off.c) unchanged.d) in effect multiplied.

Comment:This occurs when snowflakes form in the air.