13.5 cycling of matter key concept matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem. biogeochemical cycle is...
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13.5 Cycling of Matter
KEY CONCEPT Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem.
Biogeochemical Cycle is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
5 Cycles:WaterOxygenCarbonNitrogenPhosphorus
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Water cycles through the environment.
• The hydrologic, or water, cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth.
• Organisms all have bodies made mostly of water.
precipitation condensation
transpiration
evaporation
water storagein ocean
surfacerunoff
lake
groundwater
seepage
13.5 Cycling of Matter
precipitationcondensation
transpiration
evaporation
water storagein ocean
surfacerunoff
lake
groundwater
seepage
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=biogeochemical+cycles
13.5 Cycling of Matter
In which parts of the water cycle is water in the liquid state?
What sources of water are used for drinking water and by plants for life their processes?
What processes return water vapor to the atmosphere?
What process transforms water vapor to liquid water?
Which state of water is not shown in the diagram but is still an important reservoir of water?
Precipitation, runoff, groundwater, ocean water, lakes, seepage
Lake, ground water, runoff, precipitation
Evaporation and transpiration
Condensation
Solid: ice, snow
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Elements essential for life also cycle through ecosystems.
• The main processes involved in the oxygen cycle are photosynthesis and respiration.
• Most organisms need oxygen for…?
• Plants release oxygen as a by product during photosynthesis.
• Humans and most other organisms take in oxygen and release it as carbon dioxide through cellular respiration.
oxygen
respiration
carbondioxide
photosynthesis
13.5 Cycling of Matter
fossil fuels
photosynthesis
carbon dioxidedissolved in water
decompositionof organisms
respiration
carbondioxidein air
photosynthesis
combustionrespiration
• Carbon is the building block of life.– Carbon is an essential component of what 3 organic
molecules in the human body?– Carbohydrates, proteins and fats
13.5 Cycling of Matter
– The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere.
– Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels.– Some carbon is stored for long periods of time in
areas called carbon sinks.
fossil fuels
photosynthesis
carbon dioxidedissolved in water
decompositionof organisms
respiration
carbondioxidein air
photosynthesis
combustionrespiration
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Components of the Carbon
Cycle
Relation to Cycle
Respiration
Decomposition
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Returns carbon to the atmosphere
Breaking down dead organisms returns carbon to atmosphere
Burning of fossil fuels and wood as well as emissions from factories and automobiles adds carbon to atmosphere
Plants use energy from sun and CO2 from atmosphere to build organic materials
13.5 Cycling of Matter
nitrogen inatmosphere
animals
denitrifyingbacteria
nitrifyingbacteria
nitrifyingbacteria
ammonium
ammonification
decomposers
plant
nitrogen-fixingbacteria in soil
nitrogen-fixingbacteria in
roots
nitrates
nitrites
• The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground.– Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia
through a process called nitrogen fixation.– Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in
nodules on theroots of plants;others livefreely inthe soil.
13.5 Cycling of Matter
nitrogen inatmosphere
animals
denitrifyingbacteria
nitrifyingbacteria
nitrifyingbacteria
ammonium
ammonification
decomposers
plant
nitrogen-fixingbacteria in soil
nitrogen-fixingbacteria in
roots
nitrates
nitrites
Where does much of the nitrogen cycle take place?
What is the source of nitrogen for the animal?
What is the source of nitrogen for the plants?
What is the source of nitrogen for decomposers?Which organisms act as a bridge between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and the organisms of the biosphere?
13.5 Cycling of Matter
Where does much of the nitrogen cycle take place?
What is the source of nitrogen for the animal?
What is the source of nitrogen for the plants?
What is the source of nitrogen for decomposers?Which organisms act as a bridge between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and the organisms of the biosphere?
Underground
Plants
Decomposers & Bacteria
Dead organic matter- dead animals and plants, animal excretions
Bacteria
13.5 Cycling of Matter
geologic upliftingrain
weathering ofphosphate from rocks
runoff
sedimentationforms new rocks
leaching
phosphate in solutionanimals
plants
decomposers
phosphatein soil
• The phosphorus cycle takes place at and below ground level.
– Begins when: Phosphate is released by the weathering of rocks.
– Phosphorus moves through the food web (from producers to consumers) and returns to the soil during decomposition.
13.5 Cycling of Matter
geologic upliftingrain
weathering ofphosphate from rocks
runoff
sedimentationforms new rocks
leaching
phosphate in solutionanimals
plants
decomposers
phosphatein soil
– Phosphorus leaches into groundwater from the soil for use by producers.
– Over many thousands of years the sediment eventually becomes rock again
– Both mining and agriculture add phosphorus into the environment and can cause serious problems like algal blooms
13.5 Cycling of Matter
• Algal Bloom video• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvigoZgYbT4
13.5 Cycling of Matter