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13 Weeks to a Better Understanding of Church HistoryRecommended Resources

Church History in Plain Language

30-70 Jesus and the Apostles70-312 Catholic Christianity312-590 Christian Empire590-1517 Middle Ages1517-1648 Reformation1648-1789 Reason and Revival1789 1914 P1789-1914 Progress1914-2008 Ideologies

AD 30-70 Jesus and the ApostlesAD 30-70 Jesus and the Apostles

Jerusalem JerusalemJesus’ Birth

Jerusalem Council

Jerusalem Destroyed

BC 0 32 49 64 70 AD 100

Pentecost Fire in Rome

AD 70-312 Catholic ChristianityAD 70-312 Catholic Christianity

T t lli

Ignatius Irenaeus Origen

JustinTertullian

Constantine

Clement

AD 100 200 300

Marcion Diocletian

Polycarp

Gnosticism Crisis

AD 312-590 Christian Roman EmpireAD 312-590 Christian Roman Empire

Council of

Council of Nicea

Sack of Rome Leo

Council of Chalcedon

Benedict

300 400 500 600

Theodosius Fall of RomeGregory

Constantine’s Conversion Augustine

g ythe Great

AD 590-1517 Christian Middle AgesAD 590-1517 Christian Middle Ages

Bubonic

Muhammad/Islam

Bubonic Plague

InquisitionChurch

SplitFrancis

of Assisi

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

CrusadesWycliffe

Gregory Wycliffe

Charlemagne/Pope Leo III

the Great

Church History in Plain Language

30-70 Jesus and the Apostles70-312 Catholic Christianity312-590 Christian Empire590-1517 Middle Ages1517-1648 Reformation1648-1789 Reason and Revival1789 1914 P1789-1914 Progress1914-2008 Ideologies

AD 1517-1648 The ReformationAD 1517-1648 The Reformation

Luther’s 95 Th

John 95 Theses

30 year War

Queen Mary

King James

Knox

1500 1550 1600 1650

War

Council of Trent Puritans /

John Calvin

Puritans / MayflowerJesuits

15171517 Martin Luther posts his 95 theses on the door of the ch rch inon the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany; the Protestant Reformation begins

Luther challengesLuther challenges the Church to a discussion on thediscussion on the subjects of penance, the pope’s authoritythe pope s authority, and abuses in the selling ofselling of indulgences. Luther posts

95 theses

Indulgences were certificates that freed their owners from performing the actstheir owners from performing the acts of penance that the church required to show sorrow for certain sinsshow sorrow for certain sins. Indulgences were never intended to let people “buy forgiveness ”people “buy forgiveness.”

An indulgence from Johann Tetzel (1517)

15201520 The Pope publishes a bull (sealed declaration b the pope) gi ingdeclaration by the pope) giving Martin Luther 60 days to recant or be excommunicatedLuther burns the document

Luther burns the document

15211521 Martin Luther is excommunicated b the popeby the pope

Martin Luther marries formermarries former nun Katherine

Bvon Bora

Katherine von Bora

15251525 The Anabaptist movement, predecessor to Brethren andpredecessor to Brethren and Mennonite churches, teaches believers’ baptism only, democratic decision making, and separation of church and state

1 21 2 h i f l S i l d15271527 The city of Basel, Switzerland, orders corporeal punishment and confiscation of property for Christians who are baptized as padults and who shelter Anabaptists

Anabaptists (“re-baptizers” from the Greek) were Christians who believed that infant baptism was not valid.They “re-baptized” adults who had been baptized as infants.

Distinctive principles included:

Restoration of “primitive Christianity,” including the rejection of oaths and capital punishment, and the refusal of roles in civil government.

Distinctive principles included:Belief in the absolute supremacy of the Bible as sufficient for faithof the Bible as sufficient for faith, but with private inspiration playing an important partan important part.Rejection of infant baptism and th d t i f j tifi ti bthe doctrine of justification by faith alone.

Holding of goods in common was to be the underlying principle of y gnew Kingdom of God.

15351535 The Münster Rebellion: Anabaptists take o er the cit of Münster and aretake over the city of Münster and are slaughtered by Catholic residents previously expelled Later, under Menno Simons, Anabaptists adopt pacifism

Menno Simons

John Calvin is banished from Gene a S it erland; goes to

15381538Geneva, Switzerland; goes to Strasbourg, France

Geneva’s city council t d J h C l iousted John Calvin

over disagreement on th ithh ldi fthe withholding of communion, moral

hi dcensorship, and punishment by

i tiexcommunication.

15411541 John Calvin establishes a theocracy in Gene a S it erland in hichin Geneva, Switzerland, in which government leaders are also the religious leaders

15411541 John Knox starts the Calvinist Reformation in ScotlandScottish Protestants Reformation in Scotland

become known as PresbyteriansPresbyterians because elders (“ b t ”)(“presbyters”) make decisions for churches, not one person

John Knox

15291529 King Henry VIII of England summons the “Reformationsummons the Reformation Parliament” and begins to cut ties

i h h Ch h f Rwith the Church of Rome

King Henry VIII

15321532 English clergy submits to Henry VIII beginning process of declaringVIII, beginning process of declaring the king, rather than the pope,

h i i i lsupreme authority over spiritual matters

King Henry VIII

15331533 Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterb r endingArchbishop of Canterbury, ending debate on clerical celibacy (whether priests can marry) among Anglicans, as Cranmeras Cranmer is married

Thomas Cranmer

The Church of England is declared the officially established Christian

Thomas Cranmer

the officially established Christian church in England

15341534 Act of Supremacy makes British monarch Henr VIII head of themonarch Henry VIII head of the English church, breaking away from Roman Catholic control

The new “Church f E l d”of England”

(Anglican Church) t f thsets forth a

doctrinal statement: Th 39 A ti l

King Henry VIII

The 39 Articles.

15341534 Roman Catholic priest Ignatius Lo ola fo nds Societ of Jes sLoyola founds Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in Paris to spread Counter-Reformation and to evangelize

Ignatius Loyola

The Counter-Reformation was the Roman Catholic Church’s reaction to theChurch s reaction to the Protestant Reformation.

By addressing abuses, redefining doctrines and gre-establishing the authority of the pope the Roman Catholicof the pope, the Roman Catholic Church was reformed iin many ways.

The Counter-Reformation solidified the Roman Catholic Church against Protestantism,Church against Protestantism, ensuring that there would be no reconciliation betweenreconciliation between the branches.Interestingly, the Protestant challenge did result in greater g gdesire to end division dating to 1054 between Roman Catholic be wee o C o cand Orthodox Churches.

15451545 1545-1563 Council of Trent (Italy) Roman Catholic Counter ReformationRoman Catholic Counter-Reformation condemns the selling of indulgences, i lit f l tiimmorality of clergy, nepotism (appointing family members to church

ffi ) d P ioffices), and Protestantism

Council of Trent

15461546 Martin Luther dies

15491549 The Church of15491549 The Church of England’s Book of C PCommon Prayerunites most English churches in a middle ground between Catholicism andCatholicism and Protestantism

The Book of Common Prayer

15551555 Peace of Augsburg (Germany) allo s each r ler to determineallows each ruler to determine religion of his regionThe Peace of Augsburg was a treaty signed betweensigned between Charles V and Protestant princes; otesta t p ces;it established the first permanent legal basis

Ch l V

p gfor the dual existence of Lutheranism and Charles VCatholicism in Germany.

he Reformation undoubtedly ybrought division within the church, but it also brought necessary change and newalso brought necessary change and new life to Western Christianity.

The Reformation affected how we view scripture, salvation, and the sovereignty ofscripture, salvation, and the sovereignty of God. In fact, five phrases came out of the Reformation that still shape the theologyReformation that still shape the theology of churches today.

he Five Solas of the Reformationhe Five Solas of the Reformation

Sola Scriptura Scripture AloneSola Scriptura Scripture Alone

Soli Deo Gloria For the Glory of God AloneSoli Deo Gloria For the Glory of God Alone

Solo Christo By Christ’s Work Alone are Solo Christo We SavedSola Gratia Salvation by Grace AloneSola Gratia Salvation by Grace Alone

Sola Fide Justification by Faith Aloney

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13 Weeks to a Better Understanding of Church HistoryRecommended Resources