11 rad-imag sist osteoarticular
TRANSCRIPT
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Radio
-
imagistica sistemului
osteo
-
articular
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METODE RADIO-IMAGISTICE
RADIOGRAFIA STANDARD/DIGITALA;
TOMOGRAFIA PLANA ;
ULTRASONOGRAFIA=>P.MOI ARTICULARE
CT;
IRM;
SCINTIGRAMA OSOASA;
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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ANATOMIE
RADIOLOGICA:STRUCTURA
HAVERSIANA
NORMALA
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CT-VERTEBRO
DISCALA:
Hernie de disc
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CT RECON.3 D
COL.VERTEBRALA.
ART.GENUNCHI
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IRM:STUDIUL ARTICULATIEI COXO-FEMURALE
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T 1 T 2
SAGITAL
Hernie discala
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IRM: PUMN CORONAL(A)
GENUNCHI SAGITAL(B)
A B
Focar de necrozain scafoid
menisc
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SEMEIOLOGIERADIOLOGICA OSOASA
I.MODIFICARI STRUCTURALE
1.REZORBTIA: -osteoporoza
-osteoliza
-osteonecroza
2.OSTEOCONDENSAREA(OSTEOSCLEROZE):
-PERIOSTOZA-ENDOSTOZA
-SPONGIOSCLEROZARad./imag-Iasi-1999-2003
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SEMEIOLOGIE RADIOLOGICA:OSTEOPOROZA PATATA
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TOMOGRAFIE PLANAOSTEOLIZACIRCUMSCRISA,cu lizereuextern de scleroza:
CHIST OSOS ESENTIAL
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METODE IMAGISTICE
RADIOGRAFIA STANDARD/DIGITALA;
TOMOGRAFIA PLANA ;
ULTRASONOGRAFIA=>P.MOI ARTICULARE
ARTROGRAFIA CU CONTRAST IODAT;
CT;
IRM;
SCINTIGRAMA OSOASA;
ARTERIOGRAFIA==>RAD.INTERVENTIONALA
PUNCTIA -BIOPSIE GHIDATA IMAGISTIC.
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OSTEOPOROZA:STUDIU COMPARATIV PE
RADIOGRAFIE STANDARD.
NORMAL
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14/138NECROZA ASEPTICA ACALCANEULUI-EVOLUTIE
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OSTEOLIZA VERTEBRALA
(metastaze osoase)
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SEMEIOLOGIE OSOASA
II.MODIFICARI DE ORGANOGENEZA:
-hiperostoza-hipostoza
-oedostoza-scoliostoza
-hiperplazie-hipoplazie
-aplazie-agenezieDISTROFII
DISPLAZII
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RAHITISM FLORID PSEUDARTROZA
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SEMEIOLOGIE:
SCOLIOSTOZA,
OSTEOPOROZA,
OSTEOSCLEROZA
(remaniere complexa)
BOALA PAGET
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PATOLOGIE OSOASA
TRAUMATISME:-fracturi, luxatii, entorse;
BOLI INFLAMATORII:acute, cronice; osteite, osteomielite;
TUMORI: benigne; potential maligne; maligne: primitive,metastatice
NECROZE ASEPTICE
DISPLAZII; DISTROFII
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PATOLOGIE
OSTEO-ARTICULARAAFECTIUNI ARTICULARE ACUTE:
-nesupurate=>RAA
-supurate=>artrite (stafilo/streptococ);
AFECTIUNI ARTICULARE CRONICE:
-nesupurate: PR, SA, artroze, metabolice, neuropatice;
-supurate: tbc.
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OSTEOMIELITA
ETIOLOGIE: stafilococ auriu, streptococ;
MECANISM: - embol microbian in artera nutritiva;
- contiguitate (fracturi deschise, artrite etc);
SEDIU: - os lung=>metafize (debut);
- extenzie diafizara, epifizara, articulara;
- monostica, monotopa: tibie, femur cca 75%.
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OSTEOMIELITA
ASPECTE RADIOLOGICE
DEBUT: osteoporoza localizata metafizar; dg.dificil=>IRM,
scintigrafie polinucleare marcate Ga-67;STARE:-osteoliza patata;
-tumefactie de parti moi;
-necroza septica=>halou + sechestre;-periostita=>mansoane, grosiera, extenzie diafizara;
-abces subperiostal;
-fistulizare in partile moi periosoase.
OSTEOMIELITA ACUTA DEBUT >STARE
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OSTEOMIELITA ACUTA: DEBUT=>STARE
PAPROFIL
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OSTEOMIELITA:
EXTENZIA
DIAFIZO-
METAFIZARA
Reactie
periostala si
abces
subperiostic
Focar de
osteoliza
metafizar
PAPROFIL
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CT,RECONSTRUCTIE 3 D:
OSTEOMIELITA
Geoda +sechestru
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OSTEOMIELITA
EVOLUTIE:-VINDECARE=>cicatrici fibroscleroase,geode;
-reactivare==>CRONICIZARE:domina reactia
endosteala / periosteala; focare osteolitice mici,
sechestre mici;COMPLICATII:-artritasupurata=>anchiloze ;
-fracturi=>scurtari de os;
-tulb.de crestere(adolescent):scoliostoza,hiper- plazii unilaterale de membru;
-septico-pioemie:abcese viscerale secundare;
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OSTEOMIELITA
SUGARULUI:
EVOLUTIE
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Osteomielita
cronica,in puseu
de acutizare:
microgeode,
micro-sechestre
Radiografie standard Tomografie plana
OSTEOMIELITA CRONICA; DEFORMARI
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OSTEOMIELITA CRONICA; DEFORMARI
Geoda=
reactivare
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OSTEOMIELITA:
COMPLICATII:
artrita sold,necroza
capului femural,
subluxatie coxo-fem.
secundara,tulb.de
crestere femur.
Tija centromedulara
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OSTEITA/MIELITA POST -INTERV.CHIRURGICALA (fractura)
Reactie
periostala osteoliza
Tija centromedulara
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OSTEOMIELITA
FORME PARTICULARE
ABCES OSOS CENTRAL (BRODIE):
-SEDIU: tibie, metafiza superioara;
-ASPECT Rx:-geoda ovala, inel scleroza; fara sechestre/r.periostala
-EVOLUTIE: cronica, cu pusee de acutizare.
PANARITIU OSOS (osteita / osteomielita=>contiguitate de la p.moi)
-SEDIU:-falange terminale
-ASPECT RADIOLOGIC:-liza osoasa din afara spre canal medular;
-fara reactie periostala.
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PANARITIU OSOS:EVOLUTIE NEFAVORABILA
Osteoliza falangeta
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TUMORI OSOASE
BENIGNE PRIMARE MALIGNE PRIMAREOSTEOM OSTEOSARCOM
FIBROM FIBROSARCOM
HEMANGIOM ANGIOSARCOMCONDROM CONDROSARCOMT.MIELOPLAXE SARCOM MEDULAR
-EWING;-JAKSON-PARKER
MIELOM
MALIGNE SECUNDARE: metastaze, leucemii, limfoame
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OSTEOM
ORIGINE:Tesut osos adult, supercompact, benign.CLINIC: lent evolutiv;nu metastazeaza!
SEDIU: sinus frontal, oase craniene.
ASPECT RADIOLOGIC: osteocondensat, compact, intens opac,omogen, oval / rotund, contur policiclic;
DG. DIFERENTIAL: meningiom osteoplastic.
VARIANTA: OSTEOMUL OSTEOID=>unii anat.patologi sustin
ca este o displazie sau osteita cronica si nu tumora!SEDIU: diafiza os lung
ASPECT: focar osteolitic 4-10 mm (NIDUS), cu sechestru miccentral; hiperostoza / scleroza in jur, bombeaza subperiostal, inpartile moi.
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OSTEOM DE SINUS FRONTAL
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FIBROM
ORIGINE: Tesut conjunctiv neosificat-intraosos
SEDIU:-metafiza / diafiza oaselor lungi
-mandibula=>epulis
ASPECT RADIOLOGIC:-zona osteolitica, cu inel net descleroza in jur;
-contur ciclic
-osul adiacenr nemodificat
-fara reactie periostala.
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OSTEOFIBROM
EXTREMITATEINFERIOARAFEMUR
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TUMORI OSOASE BENIGNE
FIBROM OSOS CHIST OSOS ESENTIAL
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HEMANGIOM
ORIGINE:VASCULARA; BENIGNA.
HISTO.PAT.: tip capilar, tip cavernos
SEDIU:-CRANIU- tip capilar; VERTEBRE- tip cavernos;ASPECTE RADIOLOGICE:
-Tip capilar=osteoliza, rotunda, circumscrisa de inel opac, cu septuriopace radiare (spite de roata)
-Tip cavernos:-vertebra modificata ca structura (fagure, palisada,grilaj), forma (turtire cranio-podala,butoi); discuri vertebraleintacte; SE COMPLICA CU FRACTURA INTRASPONGIOASA/INFUNDARE=VERTEBRA PLANA (CALV).
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HEMANGIOM CAVERNOS
VERTEBRAL
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OSTEOCONDROM
ORIGINE:TESUT CARTILAGINOS NEOSIFICAT
SEDIU:oase tubulare: falange, matacarpiene
TIPURI:-central = encondrom-periceric = eccondrom
ASPECTE RADIOLOGICE:-lacuna ovalara, net delimitata,
cu inel fin de sleroza periferica; absenta reactiei periostale.
Condroame multiple = boala Ollier
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CONDROAME MULTIPLE-BOALA OLLIER
ECCONDROM
ENCONDROM
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Encondrom
radiografie IRM,T 1/T 2,CORONALA
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T1
T2
Osteocondrom
radiografie IRM,SECT.AXIALA
TUMORA CU MIELOPLAXE
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TUMORA CU MIELOPLAXE(CELULE GIGANTE)
SEDIU:epifiza oase lungi(tibie, femur), os plat.
ASPECTE RADIOLOGICE:-zona osteolitica cu septuri fine,(bule de sapun), bombare periostica epifizo-metafizara,
-aspect multiloculat, contur net corticala subtiata dar vizibila,aspect de os suflat
EVOLUTIE:-PUSEE OSTEOLITICE=>septurile se subtiaza/
raresc, dispar; corticala poate fi lizata complet pe alocuri;tumora se extinde in partile moi; degenerescenta maligna.
DG. DIFERENTIAL:-mielom solitar, encondrom, chist ososesential
TUMORA CU
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TUMORA CUMIELOPLAXE
EXTREMITATEA
SUPERIOARA TIBIE
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TUMORA
CU
MIELOPLAXE
omoplat
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T.MIELOPLAXE
SACRUM
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OSTEOSARCOM
ORIGINE:osteocit matur; monostic, monotop; agresiv, metastazeTIPURI: osteolitic, osteoplastic
SEDIU:metafiza oaselor lungi; distruge corticala, invazie parti moi
ASPECT RADIOLOGIC:TIP OSTEOLITIC:- la debut- perfericsau central; lacuna cu contur neregulat
-pinten sarcomatos CODMANN (triunghiul mortii)=reactiaperiostala limitata + decolarea periostului / distructie periostala;
TIP OSTEOPLASTIC: osteoliza + reactie periostala exuberanta, cuaspect radiar (spiculi perpendiculari pe diafiza,in perie);
respecta epifiza
EVOLUTIE:- METASTAZEAZARAPID (pulmon, creier, ficat)
- fracturipatologice; invaziaarticulatiei vecine.
OSTEOCONDENSANT
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OSTEOSARCOM:
TIPURI SI
VARIANTERADIOLOGICE
OSTEOLITIC
CENTRAL PERIFERIC,RADIAR
OSTEOCONDENSANT
OSTEOLITIC
PERIFERIC
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-UL
MORII
PINTEN
CODMANN
OSTEOSARCOMOSTEOLITIC FEMUR,
VARIANTA PERIFERICA
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OSTEOSARCOM EXTINS LOCO-REGIONAL(fractura)
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OSTEOSARCOM
OSTEOPLASTIC:
DEBUT
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OSTEOSARCOM OSTEOPLASTIC RADIUS
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OSTEOSARCOM
PERIFERIC FEMUR
TIP RADIAR
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OSTEOSARCOM:CT EVALUEAZA EXTENZIA
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CONDROSARCOMORIGINE:tesut cartilaginos (..condrom..?); exostoze osteogenice (b.Ombredanne)
SEDIU:metafizele oaselor lungi, basin, coaste
ASPECT RADIOLOGIC: osteoliza + calcificari amorfe in masatumorala; invazie de parti moi
FIBROSARCOM OSOSORIGINE: tesut conjunctiv; dg. diferential dificil (BIOPSIE !)ASPECT RADIOLOGIC:
Tip central =osteoliza os lung;
Tip periferic =sarcom periostal (parostal)
Scintigrafie Tc99m pirofosfat
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CHONDROSARCOM FEMUR
Osificare enchondral
Ch d
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Chondrosarcom
RADIOGRAFIE IRMN,T 1/T 2
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SARCOM PAROSTAL-tumora de parti moi ;
-osteoliza marginala a
compactei diafizaretibiale.
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SARCOM EWING
ORIGINE:SARCOM MEDULOGEN; reticulosarcom infantil
SEDIU: metafizo-diafizar, tibie, femur, coaste;
ASPECT RADIOLOGIC:-osteoliza central medulara
-uzura compactei din interior
-reactie periostala in foi de bulb de ceapa(mansoane fine, concentrice);
-suflare, in butoi a diafizei (OEDOSTOZA).
EVOLUTIE: -metastazeaza in acelasi os si in alte oase, in viscere.
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SARCOM EWING:
SCHITA
Reactie periostala
foi de ceapa
osteoliza
-zona de osteoliza centrala,cedistruge compacta dinspre canal;
-extenzie metafizo-diafizara;-reactie perostala tipica,in foi-
mansaoane fine suprapuse.
SARCOM EWING
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SARCOM EWING FEMUR: RADIOGRAFIE DIGITALA & CT
normal
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
RETICULOSARCOMUL
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RETICULOSARCOMULJACKSON/PARKER
Pacient adult, afebril
SEDIU:diafiza os lung
ASPECT RADIOLOGIC: osteoliza diafizara + spongiozareacompactei=>uzura pe ambele fete
-osteoscleroza endostala + periostala anarhica,intrerupta, discontinua(manson zdrentuit);
-rar aspect spicular
EVOLUTIE:metastaze ganglionare, plamin
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RETICULOSARCOM JACKSON-PARKER TIBIE;
FRACTURA PE OS PATOLOGIC
Largire canal,osteoliza fibrilara
a compactei;fractura sec.
RETICULOSARCOAME
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Coasta 10
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
ractura pe ospatologic
MIELOM (PLASMOCITOM)
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MIELOM (PLASMOCITOM)
ESTE CEA MAI FRECVENTA TUMORA MALIGNAPRIMARA A OSULUIORIGINE:-celule plasmocitare medulare (monoclonala)
-marker: proteinurie BENCE JONES.SEDIU:-maduva hematogena=>adultTip multiplu => b. RUSTITKI-KHALERTip solitar => PLASMOCITOM (rara)ASPECT RADIOLOGIC:-zone osteolitice -aspect de panou gaurit (tipic la craniu)
-tasari vertebrale;coaste, os lung cu aspectsuflat
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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MIELOM MULTIPLU; leziuni
osteolitice craniu + CV
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MIELOM MULTIPLU; leziuniosteolitice craniu + humerus
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
TUMORI MALIGNE
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TUMORI MALIGNESECUNDARE
METASTAZE OSOASE (cancer osos metastatic)CLINIC:cancer declarat / operat / ocult (cauta sin, prostata,pulmon, tiroida, rinichi etc).
LOCALIZARE:coloana vertebrala, basin, coaste.TIPURI:OSTEOLITICE, OSTEOPLASTICE, MIXTE
OSTEOLITICE:-osteoliza progresiva: zone lacunare faradelimitare, fara reactie periostala
-fracturi secundare=>paraplegii, pareze etc.
OSTEOPLASTICE:-zone dense , patate (pete de ceara descrisede REBOUL), confluate; rare= cancerul prostatei, vezicii, sinului.
MIXTE:-alternanta liza / condensare pe aceleasi sedii topogr.
TUMORI MALIGNE
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TUMORI MALIGNESECUNDARE
II.LEUCEMII;LIMFOAME
1)OSTEOPOROZA DIFUZA=>LEUCEMIA ACUTA(copil)
2)OSTEOSCLEROZA DIFUZA=>LEUCEMII CR.(adult)
3)LEZ.OSTEOLITICE VERTEBRALE=>INVAZIE DE LA
GANGLIONII RETROPERITONEALI =>ADENOPATIILE
DIN LIMFOAME MALIGTNE:VERTEBRADE IVORIU
A B
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METASTAZE OSOASE: A)OSTEOLITICE;B) OSTEOPLASTICE
Cancer mamar Cancer prostatic
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METASTAZE OSTEOLITICE BASIN
CANCER MAMAR T-4
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METASTAZE OSOASE OSTEOPLASTICE:pete de ceara (Reboul)
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
NECROZE ASEPTICE
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NECROZE ASEPTICEMECANISM:-modificari ale vascularizatiei locale
-post-traumatice-embolii gazoase (boala de cheson).
1)OSTEONECROZA CAPULUI FEMURAL=boala LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES):-distructie progresiva a capului fem.; spatiuarticular pastrat, cavitate cotiloida normala
--evolutie spre anchiloza, subluxatie, coxartroza
2)OSTEONECROZA TIBIALA ANTERIOARA=boala OSGOODSCHLATTER-LANELONG):-cioc, nas de tapir, decolare siosteosinteza (realipire) sau detasare de fragment(soricel..).
3)VERTEBRALA=cifoscolioza juvenila (b. SCHEUERMANN)-vertebre tasate, cuneiforme, scolioza, cifoza, herniiintraspongioase (noduliSchmorl),(platouri vertebraleancosate)
-evolutie--spondilartroza precoce.
NECROZA SEPTICA FRAGMENTARE
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NUCLEU DE CRESTERE
CAP FEMURAL
PULVERIZARE
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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NECROZA ASEPTICA A CAPULUI FEMURAL
NECROZA ASEPTICA A CAPULUI FEMURAL:DEBUT
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Forma adultuluiRad./imag-Iasi-2003
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NECROZA
ASEPTICA A
CAPULUI
FEMURAL:
TOMOGRAFIE
PLANA
COMPUTER
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COMPUTER-
TOMOGRAFIE
NECROZA ASEPTICA
CAP FEMURAL
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
NECROZA ASEPTICA A
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NECROZA ASEPTICA ACAPULUI
FEMURAL; SECHELE:
SUBLUXATIE
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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NECROZA ASP\EPTICA A CRESTEI TIBIALE ANTERIOARE
(OSGOOD-SCHLATTER-LANELONG)
NECROZA
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NECROZA
ASEPTICA A
SCAFOIDULUI
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
-osteoliza in fragmente,
condensare reparatorie, cu
resudarea unor fragmente;
-deformarea scafoidului
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NECROZA ASEPTICA
A CAPULUICELUI DE-AL 2-LEA
METATARSIAN
(KOHLER II)
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
-osteoliza fragmentata a
epifizei distale metatarsian
2;-evazare a metafizei si
diafizei,ingrosarea
compactei prin reparatieostocondensanta
endoosoasa si periostala
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AFECTIUNI OSTEO-ARTICULARE
ARTRITE SUPURATE-ACUTE
OSTEO-ARTRITE CRONICE-NESUPURATE
-SUPURATE:TBC
ARTRITE SUPURATE
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ARTRITE SUPURATE
AG.ETIOLOGIC:-STAFILO,STREPTOCOC
MECANISM:SEPTICEMIE;CONTIGUITATE(OSTEOMIEL)
ASPECTE RX.:-sinovita:eco+IRMN;
-linia transparenta condro-articulara(dunga de doliu MENARD)
-osteoporoza difuza;ingustare interliniu;osteoliza epifizara;
-subluxatii;
DG.CERT:-punctie ac fin,ghidat fluoro/eco;aspiratie;antibiogr.
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
IRM(T-2)scapulo-humerala
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Geode pe capul humeral;epansament in
articulatie (puroi)
puroi
geode
Aspectul normal
ARTRITA SEPTICA SCAPULO-HUMERALA
Artrite cronice nesupurate
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Artrite cronice nesupurate
1.SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA(B.STRUMPEL-BECHTEREV)DEBUT:sacro-iliac,periferic(genunchi),vertebral(C7-T1)
ASPECTE RX:DEBUT-ingustare,stergere,largire spatiu art.;-
condensarea osului subchondral;-osteoporoza;STARE-osificari ligamentare;-sindesmofite(ligam.perivertebrale
anrtero-laterale);
TERMINAL(IV):-osificarea ap.ligamentar=>ANKILOZARE==>bat de bambus,sina de tramvai;-cifoza dorso-lombara larga=>pozitia schiorului;
-artrite/artroze/ankiloze a articulatiilor mari:coxo-fem.,genunchi.
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SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA: MODIFICARI SACROILIACE
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SPONDILITAANKILOZANTA: SINDESMOFITE
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SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA:SINDESMOFITE CERVICALE
SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA;EXTENZIE-artrita coxo-femurala;
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-anchiloza artrita/artroza sec.
sindesmofite
Artrite cronice nesupurate
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p2.POLIARTRITA REUMATOIDA.
CLINIC: -boala artritica cu teste inflamatorii pozitive
-etiologie incerta=> componenta autoimuna probabila.
DEBUT:-articulatii mici: interfalangiene, carpiene;-osteoporoza; largirea spatiului articular; chisturi, microgeodesubchondrale pe epifize;
EVOLUTIE:-subluxatii falangiene, deviatii cubitale in grifa,ghiara, feuille au vent;-ankiloza fibroasa / punti osoase interfalan-giene; osteoscleroza secundara
-extenzie la alte articulatii: picior, coxo-fememurala, genunchi etc.
SDR.CLINICE INCLUZIND P.R.:1)Sdr.Still-Chaufard: copil,splenomegalie, adenopatii periferice, febra;2)Sdr.Felty: idem, adult;3)Sdr. Reiter-Fiesenger-Leroy: PR, uretrita, conjunctivita (virala?);4)Sdr. Kaplan-Colinet: PR +pneumoconioza;5)Sdr. Goujerot-
Sjgren:PR.-artic.mari+uscare secr. salivare, lacrimale (xerostomie)
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POLIARTRITA
REUMATOIDA:DEBUT/STARE
-osteoporoza dominant
metafizo-epifizara si
carpiana;-micro geodeepifizare falangiene;-mici
subluxatii interfalangiene;-
ingustare a spatiilor
articulare interfalangiene
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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POLIARTRITA REUMATOIDA:PERIOADA DE STARE
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POLIARTRITA REUMATIDA: STADIU AVANSAT
Mina in grifa
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POLIARTRITA REUMATOIDA: mina in feuille au vent
ARTROZA DEFORMANTA
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ARTROZA DEFORMANTA
B. DEGENERATIVA-primitiva=>virsta 2-a, 3-a;-secundara:=>post-traumatica, necrotica, post-inflamatorie, metabolica etc.
ASPECTE RSDIOLOGICE:-ingustarea interliniului; sclerozasubchondrala; modificari epifizare: slefuire, dezrotunjire;
-osteofitoza marginala: productii osoase spiculare peinsertii ligamentare, tendinoase=> cioc de papagal;
-osificari capsulare; fen de vacuum articular (vid-CT,
IRM = fenomen descris deDITTMAR-FERGUSON =degenerescenta cartilagiului)
SEDII PREFERENTIALE:-coloana vertebrala (spondiloza
deformanta), sold (coxartroza), genunchi (gonartroza).
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SPONDILARTROZA DEFORMANTA
-scleroza
platourilor;
-pensare spatiu
discal;-osteofitoza
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SPONDILARTROZA DEFORMANTA
osteofite
IRM:MIELOPATIE CERVICARTROZICA
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IRM:MIELOPATIE CERVICARTROZICA
s. sagitale Sectiune
axiala
Lacuna medulara=siringomielie
IRM :Discartroza
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IRM :Discartroza
Gadolinium IVTesutul inflamator
capteaza contrastulparamagnetic
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ARTROZA DE GENUNCHI (GONARTROZA)
IRM T2:
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IRM,T2:
Fisura menisc + chist
Echo de spin
chist
-fragmentare meniscala;
-hipersemnal de tip lichidian incapsulat=chist
Meniscoza (artroza)
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MENISCUL
NORMAL
IRM
osteofiteRadiografie
it di t
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ARTROZA DE GENUNCHI:VID ARTICULAR
marita direct
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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ARTROZA AVANSATA
DE
GENUNCHI
(GONARTROZA)
-productii osoase
peri/intraarticulare de tip
osteofitic;-deformari ale
epifizelor(rotunjire,scleroza
subchondrala
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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COXARTROZA IN STADIU AVANSAT (ANKILOZA)
TUBERCULOZAOSTEO ARTICULARA
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OSTEO-ARTICULARAMECANISM:reactivare BK in sinoviala articulatiilor mari
=>adolescent, adult; ANAT.PAT.:osteoartrita supurata cronica.ASPECTE RADIOLOGICE:
DEBUT: -osteoporoza regionala;-pensare spatiu articular;
STARE:-geode / carii osoase in oglinda pe extremitatile articulare,osteoliza progresiva=>caverne epifizare, abcese reci articulare;EVOLUTIE: -prabusiri articulare;disparitia spatiului articular;topiri osteolitice=>sechestre mici;-ankiloze;-blocuri articulare
FORME TOPOPGRAFICE
1).TBC VERTEBRALA=MORB POTT:-vertebre pereche;fusparavertebral (abces rece fuzat=>psoas);-bloc vertebral, cifoza;
2)COXITA (coxalgia): distructie cap femural si acetabul; anchiloza /protruzie in pelvis;
3)TUMORA ALBA DE GENUNCHI: artrita, fistule, ankiloza.
-pensare spatiu discal;
-ostoporoza;-geoda in
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MORB POTT:LEZIUNI MINIMALE LOMBARE
oglinda pe platourile
adiacente;-tendinta la
sudare vertebrala(bloc)
LAT AP
PA LAT-sudare in bloc vertebral
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MORB POTT DORSAL: osteoliza, tasare, fusparavertebral
Abces rece
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BLOC VERTEBRAL SECUNDAR MORBULUI POTT
CT: MORB POTT
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Abcesulrece
OSTEOLIZAVERTEBRALA &
DISTRUCTIEDISCALA
osteoliza
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
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COXITA TBC
(COXALGIA)DEBUT / STARE
-osteoporoza marcata;
-pensar/disparitia spatiului
articular;-deformare litica a capului
femural;
-largirea cavitatii cotilului;
-osteoliza a marelui trohanter.
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
-fractura fundului
acetabular ; protruzie a
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COXITA TBC:EVOLUTIE; COMPLICATII
Artroza/anchilozaExtenzie :focare ischio-pubiene
acetabular ;-protruzie a
capului femural in pelvis
geoda
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TUBERCULOZA GENUNCHIULUI :
TUMORA ALBA DE GENUNCHI
cazeum
calcificat
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TUBERCULOZA GENUNCHIULUI:
TUMORA ALBA DE GENUNCHI ;LUXATIE SECUNDARA
OSTEOLIZA EPIFIZARA OLECRAN;osteoporoza
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TUBERCULOZA COTULUI:PERIOADA DE STARE
TUBERCULOZA DE
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PUMN
(RADIO-CARPIANA);PERIOADA DE
STARE
-osteoliza extinsa la multiple oasecarpiene;-distructie osteolitica si a
epifizelor distale radius si cubitus;
-tumefactie evidenta a partilor moi
periarticulare;-osteoporoza marcata
regionala.
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
ALTE AFECTIUNI OSTEO-
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ALTE AFECTIUNI OSTEO
ARTICULARE
HERNIA DISCALA;
DISCARTROZA
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HERNIE DISCALA L-5/S-1:RADIO.DIGITALA & CT.
CT-VERTEBRO
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DISCALA:
HERNIE
IRM : Hernie discal
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IRM : Hernie discal
Protruzie discal focal
Sectiune axiala Sectiune sagitala
Displazii osoase
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Sunt tulburari de crestere, osificare si dezvoltare a
scheletului ce produc modificarea formei, structurii sau
opacitatii scheletului.
In functie de mecanismul de crestere perturbat,exista:
-displazii periostale- alterarea cresterii in grosime:
Boala tip:-osteogeneza imperfecta letalis(b.Vrolick);-displazii encondrale-alterarea cresterii in lungime -
prin deficit al cartilagiului de crestere si nucleilor epifizari:
Boli tip:acondroplazia, boala Morquio
-displazii directionale-cartilajul de crestere sedezvolta in alt sens decit lungimea osului; boala tip:exostozeosteogenice (Boala Ombredanne)
Rad./imag-Iasi-2003
Displazii osoase
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Osteogeneza imperfecta-lipsa de opacitate a scheletului- corticala foarte subtire, canal medular
largit, spongioasa lipseste/e foarte laxa
-oase lungi gracile, subtiri (imagine de tub de sticla pe Rgf)
-forma neonatala (b. Vrolik)-nou nascut-- diafiza oaselor lungi cu focare
de fractura consolidate vicios, nuclei de osificare normali-craniu in mozaic (lipsa de osificare a boltii), platispondilie
-coaste subtiri, cu matanii datorita calusurilor
-forma tardiva (b. Lobstein)-surditate, fragilitate osoasa, sclere albastre
-fracturi mai rare, oase lungi incurbate, epifize latite in paleta-platispondilie
-oasele boltii craniului cu mineralizare retardata si incompleta
-bazin- protruzie acetabulare, aripi iliace evazate
Displazii osoase
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Osteogeneza imperfecta letalis-Boala VROLICK-
Oasele craniului
subtiri,compacta redusa
Scoliostoze prin deficit de grosime/rezistenta a compactelor;
fracturi in lemn verde;calusuri vicioase in utero
Displazii osoase
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Osteogeneza imperfectaforma tardiv
-Boala LOBSTEIN-
Displazii osoase
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Acondroplazia-apare la natere
--pitici cu membre scurte, cap mare, trunchi cu dezvoltare normala--oase lungicu diafiza scurt datoritlipsei de crestere n lungime
--metafize evazate brusc, epifize cu osificare ntrziata,
voluminoase, n ciuperca
--femur-col scurt, gros, coxa vara; trohantere masive
-condili asimetrici, genu valg-cartilajul extremitii inferioare-in accent circumflex
--lungimea tibiei egal cu a peroneului (peroneul pare s
participe la articulaia genunchiului)
--bazinn inim de carte de joc--scheletul miinii-scurt, ultimele 4 degete egale ca lungime (mn n
trident)
--craniu-oase frontale proeminente, amprente digitale
--vertebre cuneiforme
Displazii osoase
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Acondroplazia
Displazii osoase
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Displazie spondilo-epifizara precoce (b. Morquio) -se observa la 2-4 ani--trunchimic, gibus toraco-lombar, coaste aproape de bazin, craniu
normal
--vertebre-platispondilie, vertebre insuficient dezvoltate anterior- cifoza
--platouri neregulate, discuri cu inaltime uor crescuta
--oase lungiramin scurte (osificare metafizara deficitara)
--nuclei epifizari dezvoltati n timp normal, neregulati, turtiti,
prea mari / mici
-- metacarpiene2-5 cu epifize distale conice / crenelateDIAGNOSTIC: sebazeaza pe:platispondilia generalizata + anomalii
epifizare + eliminare urinara de keratosulfat
Displazii osoase
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Displazia spondilo-epifizara precoce
-Boala MORQUIO-
PLATISPONDILIE
Epifize
turtite,nemodelate
Displazii osoase
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Boala oaselor de marmura (osteopetroza, b. Albers-Schonberg)-familiala, ereditara
-ngroarea trabeculelor spongioasei, compacteicu sporire difuza a
opacitii scheletului;-canalul medular al oaselor lungi micsorat /
disparut;-tesutul spongios cu densitate de compacta-striatiicaracteristice n zonele de crestere:-benzi opace alternind cu benzi mai puin opace,n metafiza oaselor
lungi- aspect de brad;-oase iliace- benzi arciforme;-vertebre-2 zone
dense spre platouri (vertebren sandwich);-craniuvoluminos,
oasele boltii ingrosate;virsta osoasa normala, absenta calcificarilor in
alte tesuturi;-fracturi frecvente
Displazii osoase
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Boala oaselor de marmura (b Albers Schonberg)
Boala Paget
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Distrofie a oaselor lungi si craniu cu evolutie cronic:-oase lungi-debut diafizar, cu decalcifierea (os cu aspect sters);-compacta se ingroasa prin apozitie periostala,remaniere
spongioasa ( se spongiozeaza)= structura fibrilara cu trabecule
groase. Oasele lungi se alungesc, se ingroasa, se curbeaza, apar
fracturi.-craniu-creste in dimensiune--demineralizat, cu zone transparente---se condenseaza, oasele
boltii se ingroasa pe seama tabliei externe
-vertebre-aspect scamosat, patat de atrofie hipertrofica, tutite--vertebra cu chenar, vertebra de fildes-bazin-structura scamosata, vatoasa
--oasele sunt moi---deformare in inima de carte de joc
Boala Paget
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g
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