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Workshop on Water Resources Demand Management for IrrigationWorkshop on Water Resources Demand Management for Irrigation26 – 28 July 201126 – 28 July 2011

Presentation on Singapore’s Urban Approach Presentation on Singapore’s Urban Approach

Mr. Ong Guo RongMr. Ong Guo RongEngineer, Water Supply (Network)Engineer, Water Supply (Network)

PUB, the national water agency of Singapore PUB, the national water agency of Singapore

Singapore

Land Area ~710 km2

Population 5.1 mil

Average Annual Rainfall 2,400 mm

Average Water Demand 1.6 mil m3/day

Singapore

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To ensure a sustainable quality environment in Singapore

To ensure an efficient, adequate and sustainable supply of water

To deliver and sustain a clean and healthy environment and water resources for all in Singapore.

Clean Land

Clean Air

Public Health

Water Supply

Used Water

Drainage

Background of PUB

PUB : Part of Singapore’s MEWR Family

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Rain Sea

Direct Non-Potable Use

Indirect Potable Use

PUB Manages the Complete Water Cycle

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4 National Taps 3P Approach

“Water for All”

“Conserve, Value, Enjoy”

Supply Demand

Sustainable Water Management

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Local catchment

Imported water

NEWater

Desalinated water

4 National Taps

Diversification of Water Supply Sources

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Water Conservation Strategy

PricingReflect the strategic

importance and scarcity value of water

Voluntary3P approach

Promote ownership of water

conservation

MandatoryCut down on excessive

flow and wastage of water

PricingReflect the strategic

importance and scarcity value of water

3- Prong Water Conservation Strategy

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Tariff

Category

Consumption

Block

(m3 per month)

With Effect from 1 July 2000

Tariff

(cents per m3)

Water

Conservation

Tax or WCT

(%)

Domestic1 to 40 117 30

Above 40 140 45

Non-Domestic All Units 117 30

Water Tariff Structure

WCT : Water Conservation Tax - Broad-based Tax levied by the Government

Pricing

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Installation of Water Saving DevicesInstallation of Water Saving Devices

Since 1983• Self-Closing Delayed-Action

Taps for all non-domestic premises

• Constant Flow Regulators

Since 1997• Low Capacity Flushing Cisterns

9 litre flushing cistern 4.5 litre flushing cistern

Mandatory Requirements

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Washing machines ShowerheadsWashing machines ShowerheadsWashing machinesWashing machines ShowerheadsShowerheads

Voluntary Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) launched on 31 Oct 06

Objective of WELS Aims to help consumers make well-informed purchasing

decisions and reduce their water consumption by providing information on the water efficiency of products

WELS rate products in terms of water efficiency 1 tick for Good rating, 2 ticks for Very Good rating and 3 ticks

for Excellent rating

To enhance the Scheme, PUB has mandated it through the Mandatory WELS (MWELS) in July 2009All taps, urinals and flushing cisterns to display MWELS labels prominently at point of sale and packaging

For all new developments and existing developments undergoing renovations, only water fittings/products that are labelled with at least 1-tick water efficiency rating and above under MWELS shall be installed and used.

Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme

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Non-Domestic Sector

Non-Domestic Sector

ReduceReduce ReplaceReplace

Water Efficient Building

Water Efficient Building

NEWater/SeawaterSubstitution

NEWater/SeawaterSubstitution

ReuseReuse

Promote RecyclingThrough WEF

Promote RecyclingThrough WEF

Pricing

Mandatory

Requirements

Water Conservation Framework forNon-Domestic Sector

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Basin Tap

2 litres/min

Shower

7 litres/min

Urinal

0.5 litres/flush

Check flowrate using a beaker and watch

Avoid water wastage. Repair leak fittings promptly.Install meters and

take meter readings regularly

Use high water efficient labelled productsTo-date, more than 2,000

buildings/premises are certified as Water Efficient Buildings

Reduce : Water Efficient Building Programme

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Green Mark Scheme – Water Efficiency

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Non Domestic Water Demand• To challenge the non-domestic sector, particularly the hotels, schools, commercial buildings, government office buildings, etc, to work towards becoming a WEB and save 10% of their monthly water consumption

• To help non-domestic customers better manage and improve their efficiency in water consumption and help them reduce costs.

Voluntary -3P Approach

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www.tenpercent.sec.org.sg

Water Efficiency Index (WEI) Calculator Water Efficient Practices 10 % Registration Water Audit Checklist Electronic Feedback Form Success stories Download WEB Design Guide Book & publicity materials

10 % Challenge Website

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Course Content Regulatory requirements, Incentive, Water

Efficiency in Buildings Cooling Tower Water Management Water Efficient Irrigation & Landscape Swimming Pool Audit Methodology & Tools Site visits

Objective

To equip facilities managers with the knowledge and skills to conduct water audit.

Apply water efficiency measures to reduce water consumption in commercial/residential buildings.

Water Efficiency Manager (WEM) Course

Award

Certificate of proficiency upon completion of the course.

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• Encourage substitution with NEWater,

Seawater, rainwater, etc

• NEWater :

i) frees up potable water for other uses

ii) quality suitable for process use (UPW), boilers, laundry, air-con cooling towers, toilet flushing, general washing

iii) lower price - save 30% ($1.52 to $1.10)

iv) Current : $1.10

New price : $ 1.22 (April 2012)

Replace : NEWater, Sea water, rainwater, etc

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Download from www.tenpercent.sec.org.sg

Water Efficient Building Design Guide Book

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• Voluntary Submission analysis of current water use *identification of potential water saving measures *action plan and implementation timelines

• Apply Water Efficiency Fund to implement measures• *Complete and submit the Water Efficiency Management Plan to PUB

http://www.pub.gov.sg/conserve/CommercialOperatorsAndOther/Pages/WaterEfficiencyManagementProgrammeWaterAudit.aspx

Water Efficiency Management Plan

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Objective

To encourage companies to look into efficient way of managing their water demand through various water conservation projects.

Aims at getting companies to look into efficient way of managing their water demand, which includes PW, NW and IW, through recycling, use of alternate sources of water supply as well as initiative to promote water conservation in the community.

Reuse : Water Efficiency Fund

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Recognition - Green Mark

- Water Efficient Bldg

Water Efficiency Guidelines/Standards

Training- Water Efficiency Manager Course

Implementation - WEF

- Demonstration Projects

Partnership - working with assns/ suppliers, services providers/consultants

Technology , R&D

Legislation Water Consumption - Reduce, Replace,

Reuse

Focus on strong partnership &

continuous improvement

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New Network

• Good planning & design – sizing of pipes, location

of valves, alternate supplies, etc

•Strict supervision & control on workmanship

• Use Good quality / corrosion resistant material

– Connections : Copper– Mains (100 – 300 mm) : cement-lined DI

– (( ≥ 700 mm) : cement-lined steel Existing network

• Servicing and maintenance of valves / hydrants

• Mains Renewal Programme - Unlined Cast Iron (CI) mains and Galvanished Iron (GI) connections (in 80s / 90s) - Old problematic CI Mains (2000 – 2004) - Asbestos Cement Mains (2003 – 2008)

• Ongoing pipe replacement programme

Good Quality Network & Efficient Management

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•100% Metering •1.27 Million accounts•93% Domestic 7% Non-domestic

Account Due Management• Households – Severe Flow Restriction (SFR) of water supply instead

of disconnection• Others – Water disconnection

•15 mm Volumetric Type•Comply with ISO 4064/1 Class C•Accuracy : +/- 3%

Domestic Meters

Non - Domestic Meters•15 to 300 mm (Accuracy : +/-3%)•50 mm to 150mm are Compound meter•Able to capture high and low flows accurately

Metering

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UFW Control

Integrated Water

NetworkManagemen

t

Leakage Control

Accurate Metering

Good Quality Network &Efficient

Management

Strict Legislation

Customer Relationshi

p Manageme

nt

UFW ≈5%

Unaccounted-For-Water Control

• Holistic approach to Integrated Water Network Management

Hardware –Technical & Legislative aspects;

Software – Partnering the public

0.0

2.0

4.0

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12.0

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89

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90

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91

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92

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10.6

9.5

7.7

6.76.4

6.0 6.25.9

4.94.7

5.1 5.2 5.34.8 5 5.2

4.7 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.6~ 5

% O

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PU

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YEAR

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Water Demand Management for golf course and vegetable farms

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Water Usage Profile

Irrigation at golf course and

vegetable farms fall under this

category

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Potable water is used only as a back-up source during extreme dry weather with little or no rain. Annual golf course workshop to share water conservation initiatives and best practices for both club house and golf courses

Golf Courses

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Best PracticesHaving larger, deeper and interconnected ponds to increase storage capacity

Adopt flexible irrigation schedule to save water by adjusting with the weather conditions. For example, do not irrigate just after rain

Irrigate in the early morning or late evening (between 4 - 7 am or 6 - 9 pm) to minimise evaporation losses and train workers to understand site conditions

Use drought tolerant turf species such as Bermuda and Zoysia grass

Fairway &Tee box Green Rough

Zoysia matrella Bermuda tifdwarf

Seashore tascalumSerangoon grass

Axonopus compressus Cow grass

Zoysia

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Best PracticesApply wetting agent to promote retention of moisture in the turf

Prevent over irrigation which can cause excessive growth and plant diseases

Design sprinklers to provide uniform water distribution and by having overlapping coverage to promote healthy turf grass. The most common and efficient sprinkler spacing is Head-to-Head whereby sprinklers are spaced at their radii

Automatic irrigation system with central control and weather station is one of the most efficient and effective irrigation system

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Singapore Water Catchment

45 vegetable farms in Singapore

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Ponds are sized adequately so that there is sufficient irrigation water even during dry weather

Internal filter system to prevent clogging of sprinkler heads Some have pipes underneath soil to channel excess ground water back to

pond

Vegetable Farms Best practices

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Most farms using overhead mist irrigation system to ensure good coverage and easier absorption by plants. This helps to cool temperature as well.

Irrigation only carried out on a need basis, average once/day for 10 minutes No irrigation is done on rainy days. Depending on soil moisture, there can be

no irrigation for 2-3 days after heavy rain Farmers do not overwater because fear of drowning and diseases such as

Rhizonia

Best practices

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Usually covered with special type of translucent netting to allow sufficient sunlight penetration while protecting plants from excessive rain.

Best practices

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Conducive, controlled growing environment.

Best practices

Harvesting period of 28 – 40 days

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Thank You

Marina Barrage, Singapore