1 what makes us human? socialization © robert j. atkins, ph.d
TRANSCRIPT
1What makes us human?
Socialization
© Robert J. Atkins, Ph.D.
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Nature or Nurture?
• Feral children
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Is social experience crucial in forming personality?
• Anna & Isabelle• Effect of minimal human contact• Without social experience, a child is incapable of thought
or meaningful action
• Institutionalized patient
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What about isolation in other species?
• Harlow monkey studies• Isolation produced permanent developmental
damage in both humans and monkeys
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Do you remember?
• What did feral children show us?• What did Anna and Isabelle show us?• What did the Harlow monkey studies show us?
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What are the results of socialization?
• Personality• Thought• The social self
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How did I develop my personality?
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Ask yourself…
Personality
• Sigmund Freud• Id = Basic drives• Sex & violence
• Ego = Balance• Balances demands of society and
pleasure-seeking drives
• Superego = Conscience• Culture
• Humans internalize social norms
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How did you learn to think and reason?
• Jean Piaget• Cognition (thinking)
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What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
• Sensorimotor stage (0-2)• Object permanence
• Preoperational stage (2-7)• Use of language• Egocentric
• Concrete operations stage (7-12)• Logic develops• Conservation of matter
• Formal operations• Abstract thought - imagine alternatives
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Who do you think you are?
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What is your social self?
• George H. Mead’s idea• The “self” comes from social experience• Self-awareness and self image
• Generalized other• Cultural norms & values we use as a reference in
evaluating ourselves.
• “Taking the role of the other”• Imaging the situation from another person’s point of view
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How do you develop the “Generalized Other”?
• Imitation
• Play
• Game
• Generalized other
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What is another idea about your social self?
• Charles H. Cooley’s idea• The Looking-glass Self• People see themselves the way they think
others see them.
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Do you remember?
• What are Freud’s three parts of the personality? What does each do?• How did Mead think you developed your self
image?• How did Cooley think you developed your self
image?
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What do you think is good – bad – right – wrong?
• How did you develop your morality?
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What are the stages in Kolberg’s moral reasoning?
• Pre-Conventional (0-9 yrs)• Self interest• Avoid punishment
• Conventional (To adolescence)• Upholding laws
• Post-conventional (Adult)• “What is right”• Ethical principles
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Can you be re-socialized?
• Re-socialization• Goffman = Re-socialization is breaking down an old
identity, then building a new identity
• Total institutions• Used to radically changing a personality• Cult• Military boot camp• Prison
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Do you remember?
• What are the stages in Kolberg’s development of moral reasoning?• Why do people do what they think is right in each
of these stages?• What is the process of re-socialization?
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