1 the role of the oie in a safe and fair trade dr. alex thiermann president, terrestrial animal...
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The role of the OIE
in a safe and fair trade
Dr. Alex ThiermannPresident, Terrestrial Animal Health Code CommissionWorld Organisation for Animal Health
WTO Public Forum 2006Geneva, CH, September 2006
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World Organisation for Animal HealthOrganisation mondiale de la santé animaleOrganizacion Mundial de Sanidad Animal
• an intergovernmental organisation
• founded in 1924 by 28 countries
• predates the U.N.
Common name adopted by the International
Committee on May 2003
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2950
49
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167 Member Countries167 Member Countries (May 2006)(May 2006)
Americas: 29 – Africa: 50 – Europe: 49 – Middle East: 13 – Asia: 26Americas: 29 – Africa: 50 – Europe: 49 – Middle East: 13 – Asia: 26
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Why an SPS Agreement?Why an SPS Agreement?
Removal of non-tariff barriers to trade
GATT article XX(b)need for clearer rules
Concentrate on health measuresProvide rights and obligations
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Codex = Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission
OIE = World Organisation for Animal Health
IPPC = International Plant Protection Convention (FAO)
Standard-setting organisationsStandard-setting organisations
food safetyCODEX
animal health OIE
plant healthIPPC
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OIE ObjectivesOIE Objectives
1. To ensure accurate collection and transparency in reporting the animal health situation throughout the world.
2. Under the WTO-SPS Agreement mandate, establish standards on animal health and zoonoses for international trade in animals and animal products.
3. To collect, analyse and disseminate scientific veterinary information.
4. To provide technical expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control and eradication of animal diseases.
5. To improve the competencies and legal framework of Veterinary Services.
6. To develop guiding principles and specific recommendations for animal welfare
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PROBLEMPROBLEM
SpecialistCommissions
ReviewReview
Advice of experts or other Advice of experts or other Specialist CommissionsSpecialist Commissions
Draft textDraft text
COMMITTEE
DELEGATESDELEGATES
AdoptionAdoption
COMMITTEE,COMMITTEE,COMMISSIONS,COMMISSIONS,
DELEGATESDELEGATES
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OIE INTERNATIONALOIE INTERNATIONALSTANDARDSTANDARD
development development and updatingand updatinginternational international standardsstandards
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Direct costs of participationDirect costs of participation
delegates from 145/167 OIE Member Countries attended 2006 General Sessionregistration fees waived and daily expenses paid
experts participating in OIE Specialist Commissions, working groups and expert groups have their fares and expenses paid
EC has made available 100,000 Euros to assist participation of experts from developing countries in standards development
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Terrestrial Animal Health CodeTerrestrial Animal Health Code
Provides detailed recommendations of sanitary measures to be used by Chief Veterinary Officers of Member Countries in establishing regulations applying to the safe trade of animals and animal products, while avoiding unjustified restrictions
Contains recommendations covering ruminants, swine, equidae, rabbits, bees, poultry, dogs and cats
In five languages: English, French, Spanish and Russian (Arabic version recently released)
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Evolution of OIE standardsEvolution of OIE standards
Need to go from freedom status to risk-based
Emphasis on safety of the commodity
Essential role of epidemiological surveillance
Strength of laboratory network
Close link of surveillance to risk assessment
Maximize stakeholder participation
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Zoning and CompartmentalizationZoning and Compartmentalization
Regionalization: geographical ‘zoning’
Compartmentalization: ‘zoning’ on the basis of biosecurity in animal production systems
Role of wildlife in zoning and regionalization
Role of private and public sector
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BREEDINGFLOCK
BREEDINGFLOCK
FEEDSUPPLY
GROWINGFLOCK
SLAUGHTERHOUSE
GROWINGFLOCK
Equipment
Birds
Equipm
ent
Birds
Equipment
Equ
ipm
ent
Fee
dEquipment
CompartmentCompartment
Equipment
Birds
Feed
Feed
Equipment
Birds
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Influences on standardsInfluences on standards
pressure from exporting countries for less restrictions
pressure from importing countries for maximum protection
consumer and NGO reactions
pressure from developing countries for assistance in participating in the process
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Importance of adherence to Importance of adherence to OIE standardsOIE standards
Safe trade, based on scientific risk analysis
Commodity specific risk mitigation measures
Provides credibility to the Veterinary Services
Consistency of message to consumers
Demonstrate ability to detect emerging diseases
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International standards, conclusionsInternational standards, conclusions
National authorities and their stakeholders must become more involved in the OIE standard setting process
Authorities must implement the adopted OIE standards in their national regulations
Often national industry interests and short sighted politics interfere in the implementation of science based regulations
Global organizations and corporations can play a key role in the implementation of standards at national levels, as well as in the harmonization of animal health and safety of food rules
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Animal Welfare, current realityAnimal Welfare, current reality
Globalization is becoming a force that is revolutionizing international trade
The WTO recognizes the OIE as the standard-setting organization for animal health
There is an important link between animal health and animal welfare
However, there is no specific mention of animal welfare in the WTO agreements
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Animal Welfare guidelinesAnimal Welfare guidelines
Current guidelines:Sea transportLand transportSlaughterKilling for disease control
On-going work:Fish transport and slaughterUrban dog controlLaboratory animals
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Animal Welfare predictions!Animal Welfare predictions!
Animal welfare will increase in importance as a consumer demand and therefore international trade
Acceptance and enforcement of animal welfare guidelines in international trade will be slow
Animal welfare guidelines will be slowly incorporated through positive labeling
The welfare in traditional farming can easily become a competitive advantage to developing countries
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Emerging ZoonosisEmerging Zoonosis
An emerging zoonosis is a zoonosis that is newly recognized or newly evolved, or that has occurred previously but shows an increase in incidence or expansion in a geographic, host, or vector range.
Some of these diseases may further evolve and become effectively and essentially transmissible from human to human.
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Wildlife EID
DomesticAnimal EID
Human EID
Translocation
Human encroachmentEx situ contactEcological manipulation
Global travelUrbanizationBiomedicalmanipulation
Technology andIndustry
AgriculturalIntensification
EncroachmentIntroduction“Spill over” &“Spill back”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Dasazak P. et.al.Science 2000 287:443
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Specific Challenges forSpecific Challenges forEmerging and Re-Emerging ZoonosesEmerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses
Improving the global capacity for response
Improving early warning and surveillance systems using innovative technologies
Improving disease reporting
Improving diagnostics
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ConclusionsConclusions
The era of emerging zoonoses will continue and expand.The factors and driving forces producing this era show no sign of abatement.Local emerging diseases quickly become global.The significance and implications of emerging zoonoses are rapidly increasing in scope, scale, and importance.The convergence of human and animal health offers both important challenges and opportunities.
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Strengthening veterinary servicesStrengthening veterinary services
OIE considers Veterinary Services to be a Global Public Good
their coming into line with international standards is a public investment priority structure, organisation, resources, capacities, role
of the private sector and para-professionals
2001 World Bank/OIE MOU supports this view
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STDFSTDF
global programme in capacity building and technical assistance for developing countries
strategic aim is to assist countries to enhance their expertise and capacity to analyse and implement international SPS standards improving their human, animal and plant health
situationsimproving ability to gain and maintain markets
direct response to the demand to tailor technical assistance to countries’ needs not to merely provide 'generic' assistance
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STDFSTDF
3 OIE STDF projects to date
Train the trainers
Tool for evaluation of veterinary services
Strengthening veterinary services in Africa (ALive)
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Train the trainersTrain the trainers
to train a cadre of professionals capable of providing continuing training to private and public sectors adapted to the conditions, cultures and languages
of each regionfor enhanced implementation of the SPS
Agreement
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Train the trainersTrain the trainers
training covers: SPS Agreement including dispute settlement mechanisms,
and the roles of the 3 sistersOIE standards, and its standard setting and implementation
processOIE animal health information systemanimal production food safety and collaboration with Codexanimal health risk analysis with practical examples tailored
to the regionevaluation of veterinary services
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Train the trainersTrain the trainers
training will be adapted to animal health issues of greatest interest in each region
initially, workshops will be attached to ‘traditional’ WTO SPS workshops
aim to attract and prepare experts who are assigned at the national level to promote activities within OIE’s mandate
pilot workshops have developed training DVD to be used as base material (Bamako, Bangkok, Cairo, Vienna, Colombia)
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Strengthening Vet Services in AfricaStrengthening Vet Services in Africa
ALive (African Livestock), a World Bank initiative focused on livestock in Africa, aims to map existing programs and fill gaps between them, and initiate others focused on poverty reduction, economic growth,
research, regional and international market access, and sustainable institutions including Veterinary Services
reinforces OIE’s involvement in promoting animal health, both for poverty alleviation and for the safe conduct of international trade in animals and animal products
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Strengthening Vet Services in AfricaStrengthening Vet Services in Africa
the livestock sector in developing countries requires greater financial and operational challenges than other agricultural sectors
developed countries have a strong incentive to help control developing countries’ livestock diseases because of the likelihood of these diseases spreading internationally
OIE is examining the use of ALive in all Regions facing similar concerns
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Building a scientific community Building a scientific community through twinning arrangementsthrough twinning arrangements
several twinning arrangements are in place between OIE reference laboratoriesrole of the OIE as coordinator/catalyst in these arrangementsselection of prioritiesselection of relevant laboratoriesmediator/facilitator in discussionsevaluation of outputs
use of fundsexchange of scientistsorganisation of workshops
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RegionalRegional RepresentationsRepresentations
strengthening the OIE Regional Representations
implementation of capacity building programmes tailored to each Region
direct input into OIE Headquarters’ activities
focuse on assisting new OIE Delegates
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12 rue de Prony75017 Paris, France
Tel: + 33 (0)1 44 15 18 88 – Fax: + 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87Email: [email protected]
http://www.oie.int
World organisation for animal healthOrganisation mondiale de la santé animaleOrganizacion Mundial de Sanidad Animal