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Sex in the CitySex in the City**,,Broadband in the BedroomBroadband in the Bedroom

ororA Place for Everything and Everything in its PlaceA Place for Everything and Everything in its Place

John M Meredith3GPP Specifications Manager and

3GPP Support Team Manager

john.meredith@etsi.org

* With apologies to HBO for corrupting their title.* With apologies to HBO for corrupting their title.

Broadband Russia & CIS Summit 2006Moscow 21-22 November 2006

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Sex in the City, Broadband in the Bedroom

A few years ago, it was the other way around.

sex in the bedroom broadband in the city

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Photo: HBO

Sex in the City, Broadband in the Bedroom

But now we can’t live without always-on broadband access not only at work and at home, and soon in the car or train travelling between the two.

And on holiday, when we’re working from home waiting for the plumber to call. When we’re studying or relaxing , …

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CEPT GSM decision to use

TDMA technology

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 2+ (R96)

• Service provider display• EFR codec• Multiband operation & roaming• 3V SIM• SMS Cell Broadcast discontinuous operation• …

R97

• 14.4 kb/s data• Data compression• High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)• PRM functions (group call, broadcast call, …)• Multi-level precedence and pre-emption• Fast moving mobile• SIM application toolkit• …

• Enhanced Advanced Speech Call• Calling Name presentation, CCBS, … services• Improved fault management• SIM security• Private Numbering Plan• GPRS (1)•…

R98

• Mobile IP interworking• Lawful interception• Number portability• GPRS (2)• EDGE•…

1987

GSM standardization transferred to

ETSI

1990 1992 1995 1996 1997 1998

Evolution of GSM Releases

3GPP created

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2009

R99

1999

>>>>>>> Work transferred from ETSI to 3GPP >>>>>>>

2000

Rel-4

Rel-5

• New codecs, codec management• Low chip rate TDD UMTS variant• Location based services enhancement• …

• UMTS Tx site diversity selection• LCS enhancements• IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)• Adaptive multirate codec• E-to-e QoS concepts• …

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Rel-6

Rel-7

• UTRAN Long Term Evolution study• System Architecture study• MIMO studies• UTRAN/GERAN/GAN handover• …

Rel-8

• IMS (2) inc interworking with other IP networks• Packet-switched streaming services• Enhanced network security• Electrically tilting antennas• PS conversational codec characterization• GERAN flexible layer 1• Generic access to GERAN services• HSPA+ study• …

• See next slide for Rel-8 contents

Evolution of GSM and UMTS Releases

• UMTS radio technology (WCDMA)• Charging & billing enhancements• GPRS p-p service• 1.5V SIM• Virtual Home Environment• OSA• …

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Release 8 contents

•Standards for:• Enhanced UTRAN [ie LTE] (layer 1, 2, 3, performance requirements, testing)• E-UTRAN interworking with GERAN• eCall data transfer• Services alignment (for FMC)• Reduced signalling latency• …

• Studies on:• IMS service brokering architecture• IMS convergent multimedia conferencing• Public Warning System• Call continuity in emergency calls• Consumer protection against spam and malware• Dynamic terminal reconfiguration to minimize power consumption• …

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Data rate trends

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Evolution of data rates over the years …

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Data rate trends

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Evolution of data rates over the years …

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Data rate trends

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Evolution of data rates over the years …

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Data rates

Unlike data rates on fixed lines, which are generally constant, data rates on radio access networks can vary with factors such as …

• Interference (C/I)

• Modulation type and coding scheme

• Number of users in cell

• Number of simultaneous calls in cell, and their type

• Cell size

• Distance of mobile from base station

• …

So beware of theoretical figures!

Charts: 3G Americas

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GSM

HSCSD

GPRS

EDGE

Enhanced EDGE

Evolution of Radio Access Technologies

WCDMA

HSUPA

EHSPA

LTE

|| HSPA|

HSDPA

The performance of EDGE technology is (watch out, implicit pun coming)

on the boundary between 2G and 3G as defined by ITU’s IMT-2000 concept.

In some markets, this has led to confusion over whether operators with 2G-only licences can run EDGE on their network.

|||| UTRAN|||

|||| GERAN|||

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Common frequency bands - GERAN

GSM owes its early success at least in part to an agreement that all CEPT member countries should allocate the same frequency bands to the GSM service.

GSM’s slow start in North America was in part due to the unavailability of the European GSM frequencies in the USA and Canada.

900 MHz1800 MHz

850 MHz1900 MHz

Over the Releases, the GSM standards have been extended to include other bands for use in particular markets (particular countries, specialist applications).

700 MHz450 MHz

410 MHz810 MHz

…

Quad-band mobile terminals are commonly available, and are usable in most territories of the world.

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Common frequency bands - UTRAN

WRC allocated common frequencies for UTRA on a world-wide basis.

Further bands have subsequently been allocated on a regional basis.

(See table on next slide.)

2100 MHz

2600 MHz1900 MHz

1700/2100 MHz1700 MHz

1800 MHz900 MHz

850 MHz…

As 3G takes over from 2G, so the 2G bands can be used for 3G service.

700 MHz450 MHz

410 MHz810 MHz

…

Multi-RAT mobile terminals are commonly available, typically supporting GERAN (GSM/GPRS/EDGE) and UTRAN.

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Operating Band

UL FrequenciesUE transmit, Node B

receive

DL frequenciesUE receive, Node B

transmit

I 1920 - 1980 MHz 2110 - 2170 MHz

II 1850 - 1910 MHz 1930 - 1990 MHz

III 1710 - 1785 MHz 1805 - 1880 MHz

IV 1710 - 1755 MHz 2110-2155 MHz

V 824 - 849 MHz 869 - 894 MHz

VI 830 - 840 MHz 875 - 885 MHz

VII 2500 - 2570 MHz 2620 - 2690 MHz

VIII 880 - 915 MHz 925 - 960 MHz

IX 1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz

UTRA FDD bands

Source: 3GPP TS 25.101

UL/DL FrequenciesUE / Node B

transmit & receive

1900 - 1920 MHz

2110 - 2125 MHz

1850 - 1910 MHz

1930 - 1990 MHz

1910 - 1930 MHz

2570 - 2620 MHz

UTRA TDD bands

Source: 3GPP TS 25.102

Chip rates:3.84 Mcps1.28 Mcps (“low chip rate”)7.68 Mcps (“high chip rate”)

15Coverage maps: GSM Association

Near-global coverage by 3GPP technologies

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LTE

GSM

HSCSD

GPRS

EDGE

Enhanced EDGE

WCDMA

HSUPA

EHSPA

|| HSPA|

HSDPA

|||| GERAN|||

|||| UTRAN|||

E-UTRA

Initial aims:• Reduced cost per bit • Increased service provisioning – more services at lower cost with better user experience • Flexibility of use of existing and new frequency bands • Simplified architecture, open interfaces • Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

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E-UTRA

Also …

• Reduce the number of options

Network operators need to have more say in

development work.

Next Generation Mobile Networks initiative *

* NGMN members: China Mobile Communications Corporation, KPN Mobile NV, NTT DoCoMo Inc., Orange SA, Sprint Nextel Corporation, T-Mobile International AG & Co KG, Vodafone Group PLC.

objective: "establish clear performance targets, fundamental recommendations and deployment scenarios for a future wide area mobile broadband network"

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E-UTRA

Concretely …

Peak data rateInstantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100 Mb/s within a 20 MHz downlink spectrum allocation (5 bps/Hz) Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50 Mb/s (2.5 bps/Hz) within a 20 MHz uplink spectrum allocation)

Control-plane latency Transition time of less than 100 ms from a camped state, such as Release 6 Idle Mode, to an active state such as Rel-6 CELL_DCH Transition time of less than 50 ms between a dormant state such as Release 6 CELL_PCH and an active state such as Rel-6 CELL_DCH

Control-plane capacityAt least 200 users per cell should be supported in the active state for spectrum allocations up to 5 MHz

User-plane latency Less than 5 ms in unloaded condition (ie single user with single data stream) for small IP packet

User throughputDownlink: average user throughput per MHz, 3 to 4 times Rel-6 HSDPA Uplink: average user throughput per MHz, 2 to 3 times Rel-6 Enhanced uplink

Spectrum efficiencyDownlink: In a loaded network, target for spectrum efficiency (bits/sec/Hz/site), 3 to 4 times Rel-6 HSDPA ) Uplink: In a loaded network, target for spectrum efficiency (bits/sec/Hz/site), 2 to 3 times Rel-6 Enhanced Uplink

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MobilityE-UTRAN should be optimized for low mobile speed from 0 to 15 km/h Higher mobile speed between 15 and 120 km/h should be supported with high performance Mobility across the cellular network shall be maintained at speeds from 120 km/h to 350 km/h (or even up to 500

km/h depending on the frequency band)

E-UTRA

…

CoverageThroughput, spectrum efficiency and mobility targets above should be met for 5 km cells, and with a slight

degradation for 30 km cells. Cells range up to 100 km should not be precluded.

Further Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)While reducing terminal complexity: same modulation, coding, multiple access approaches and UE bandwidth than

for unicast operation. Provision of simultaneous dedicated voice and MBMS services to the user. Available for paired and unpaired spectrum arrangements.

Spectrum flexibilityE-UTRA shall operate in spectrum allocations of different sizes, including 1.25 MHz, 1.6 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10

MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz in both the uplink and downlink. Operation in paired and unpaired spectrum shall be supported

The system shall be able to support content delivery over an aggregation of resources including Radio Band Resources (as well as power, adaptive scheduling, etc) in the same and different bands, in both uplink and downlink and in both adjacent and non-adjacent channel arrangements. A “Radio Band Resource” is defined as all spectrum available to an operator

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E-UTRA

…

Co-existence and Inter-working with 3GPP Radio Access Technology (RAT)Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with GERAN/UTRAN on adjacent channels. E-UTRAN terminals supporting also UTRAN and/or GERAN operation should be able to support measurement of,

and handover from and to, both 3GPP UTRAN and 3GPP GERAN. The interruption time during a handover of real-time services between E-UTRAN and UTRAN (or GERAN) should be

less than 300 msec.

Architecture and migrationSingle E-UTRAN architecture The E-UTRAN architecture shall be packet based, although provision should be made to support systems supporting

real-time and conversational class traffic E-UTRAN architecture shall minimize the presence of "single points of failure" E-UTRAN architecture shall support an end-to-end QoS Backhaul communication protocols should be optimised

Radio Resource Management requirementsEnhanced support for end to end QoS Efficient support for transmission of higher layers Support of load sharing and policy management across different Radio Access Technologies

Complexity Minimize the number of options No redundant mandatory features

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E-UTRA

Conclusions of study phase:

Downlink:

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

• QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Uplink:

• Single Carrier – Frequency Division Multiple Access

• (pi/2-shift) BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM

MIMO with up to 4 antennas at both mobile and Node B

Simplified architecture

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E-UTRA

Further information:

http://www.3gpp.org/Highlights/LTE/LTE.htm3GPP TR 25.813 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Radio interface protocol aspects

3GPP TSs and TRs of 36.-series

eNB eNB

eNB

MME/UPE MME/UPE

S1

X2

X2

X2

EPC

E-UTRAN

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Data rate trends

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Introduction of E-UTRA

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Conclusion …

3GPP technologies show a continuing evolutionary path:

• GSM

• GPRS

• EDGE

• UMTS

• HSPA

• E-UMTS

• …

which will keep them competitive not only with other mobile technologies but with wireline broadband for years to come.

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For more information…

http://www.3GPP.org

or contact

3GPPContact@etsi.org

http://www.3GPP.org

or contact

3GPPContact@etsi.org

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and finally….

Thank you for your attention

Now Time for your Questions