1 rural tourism development in hungary dr zsuzsanna bacsi assoc prof, univ of pannonia, georgikon...
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Rural Rural Tourism Tourism
DevelopmeDevelopment in nt in
HungaryHungaryDr Zsuzsanna BacsiDr Zsuzsanna Bacsi
Assoc prof, Univ of Pannonia, Georgikon Assoc prof, Univ of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely – HungaryFaculty, Keszthely – Hungary
Ferenc ZemankovicsFerenc Zemankovics Head of Local Rural Development Office of
Keszthely Microregion , Hungary [email protected]
Nitra, 19 to 21 November 2009Nitra, 19 to 21 November 2009
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NUTS categories by population
• NUTS 1:Supra-region 3 mill to 7 mill
• Nuts 2:region 800 thou to 1500 thou
• Nuts3: county 300 to 800 thou
• NUTS4: district, microregion,....
• NUTS 5: town, village
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OverviewOverview
1. History, importance, relation to rural development
2. Provisions for development- EU and national resources
3. Organisational structure
4. Competencies – human and physical
5. Legislation, taxing
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1. History, importance, relation to rural development
History: The origin of rural tourism in Hungary• end of 19th century:
– spas and Lake Balaton– Re-discovery of folk art
• Early 20th century (1930-ies):– Recreational tourism to villages: 30-35 % of all tourism!, more than
250 villages involved– Guests: organised trips for children, urban families – Network of village accommodation and hospitality providers– Booklets for rural accommodation providers, and for tourists
• After 1945: rural tourism disappears• Reneval: from 1990
– Initial stage: accommodation provided, no programmes offered, first national organisations, NGOs at local and microregional level, catalogue of accommodations
– 1994: National Assocation of Rural Tourism (FTOSZ, 34 organisations invoved) – marketing , quality assurance, member of EUROGITES
– 2001: FTOSZ reorganised: Hungarian Federation of Rural and Agri-Tourism (FATOSZ) – members. County organisations (comprising local RT entrepreneurs, private persons...)
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Relation to rural development
• „Rural tourism”: tourist activities in which the visitor can become acquainted with– village life, – customs and traditions,– local food and drink, – natural surroundings …
• Role of rural tourism in rural development– Ecological sustainability: location
for agriculture, natural, and built environment
– Economic and social sustainability – incomes, cultural heritage, traditions
– Rural tourism• Additional income for rural people
(diversification)• Utilises rural heritage (cultural,
physical)• Provides financial resources for
preserving the rural heritage
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ImportanceSocio-economic Environmental
For local entre-preneurs
• new jobs, • new SME-s,• additional incomes besides
farming• market for local agricutural
products
• reconstruction of rural buildings,
• maintain the quality of environment,
• make villages more attractive
For local community
• new incomes and new taxes improve living standards of local community,
• better infrastructure, • less unempoyed, • social structure improves, • Depopulation stopped, • local identity, • prosperity for other businesses
• resources for protection and rehabilitation of environment and local heritage,
• returning guests• Improved urban-rural
relations
Negative features: not more than additional income, foreign investors, foreign cultural values, environmental degradation, pollution....
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Rural tourism in Hungary, 1998-2008 1998 2000 2002 2006 2008
Number of accommo-dation providers
4 893 6 109 6 840 6659 7460
Number of beds 26 340 33502 40703 41604 45948
Number of guests 81 081 109 832 122 109 157 262
157 262
Domestic 44 104 69 174 82 190 131 678 131 678
Foreign 36 977 40 658 39 919 25 584 25 584
Number of guest nights
431 272 518 488 575 530 572 949
741527
Domestic 210 603 297 362 360 379 474 884 -
Foreign 220 669 221 126 215 151 98 065 -
Average duration of stay (nights)
5,3 4,7 4,7 3,6 3,5
Both among Hungarians and foreigners, there is a relatively high proportion of faithful visitors, suggesting that the product itself is perceived as a good quality
product.
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Rural tourism in Hungary
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
180 000
1998 2000 2002 2006 2008
gu
es
ts/b
ed
s/p
rov
ide
rs
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
700 000
800 000
nig
hts
Number of guest nights Domestic guest nights
Foreign guest nights Number of accommodation providers
Number of beds Number of guests
Domestic guests Foreign guests
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Distribution of rural accommodations (beds) by NUTS 2
regions in Hungary, July 2008
17,4% 13,2%
17,3%
5,1%
32,5%
9,4 %
5,2%
Share of regions by guest nights
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Fallacy 8 (Zemankovics-Bacsi:Ten Fallacies of Rural Development, Proceedings, 16th European Seminar of
Extension Education, 2003, p.236-2409)
„ Rural tourism is the future of rural communities”
It can be, but not everywhere and every time
Possible dangers:Overemphasising • the role of rural tourism as source of
income• the role of foreign visitors
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2. Development of rural tourism - Funding
• SAPARD 1999-2004• National Specific Target-Oriented support
schemes• 2004-2006: National Development Plan I.
– Agricultural and Rural Development Operative Programme
• 2007-2013: New Hungary Rural Development Programme– Axis 3: Diversification and quality of life– Axis 4: LEADER
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2004-2006: National Development PlanAgricultural and Rural Development Operative
Programme – total 107 mrd HUF = 420 million EUR for 2004 - 2006
Objectives:– improving the competitiveness of agricultural production and food
processing– assisting the realignment of rural areas
Priorities: • Priority 1 - Establishment of competitive production in agriculture • Priority 2 - Modernisation of food processing• Priority 3 - Development of rural areas (26 %, 109 million EUR )
– infrastructure for agric production, rural heritage, rural incomes..
– Diversification of agricultural production (local foods, non-food goods,processing)
– Marketing of quality food products– Development of tourism (rural tourism)
• Accommodation• New services, eg.food, entertainments (fishing, wine trails, sports)
– Local handcrafts• Priority Technical Assistance
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New Hungary Rural Development Programme, 2007-2013
Competitive
agricultural and
forestry production (Axis 1)
Protection of the
environment and land use (Axis 2)
Diversification and quality of
life in rural
Hungary(Axis 3)
Common rules - programming, financing, monitoring
European Agricultural and Rural Development Fund
LEADER Axis (Axis 4)
NHRDP, 2007-2013
Measure: Encouragement of tourism activities
Operations covered:• Developing small-scale quality
accommodations• Other agri-tourism services • Display of agricultural folk art
and handcrafting• Wine tourism services• Fishing tourism services• Equestrian tourism services• Collective tourist product
marketing• Small-scale infrastructure
developmentType of support: Non-
refundable investment aid.
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Specific support operations for Rural Tourism in NHRDP 2007-2013
• Axis III: 4 operations:– Rural tourism– Village renovation– Micro-enterprises– Rural heritage
• Axis IV: Leader Action Groups set up their own piorities and activities supported – rural tourism is among the preferred
Total cost: NHRDP: 5 billion EUR• For Axis IV (Leader): 300 m EUR (5,5 %)• For Axis III: 700 m EUR (17%)
– tourism development: • Public expenditure: 127,9 million EUR of which EU contribution: 89,6 million
EUR
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Number and type of LEADER applications
Central HU
Central Transd
West Transd
South Transd
North HU
North G Plain
South G Plain
Village reconstruction
Rural tourism
Rural heritage
Micro-enterprises
no
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NHRDP, LEADER dataRegion LAG No of
Beneficiary villages,
Population of
Beneficiary villages,
No of
Projects
Requested support million HUF
Central HU
Central Transd
West Transd
South Transd
North HU
North G Plain
South G Plain
Total HU
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3. Organisational structure of tourism in Hungary, 2009
• Parliament• Ministry of Local Governments, Tourism Unit• Parliamentary Committee on Sports andTourism
– National Tourism Committee (formerly Hungarian Tourist Authority): administrative body that reports to Minister of Local Governments, represents the professional bodies major trade organizations of the sector and regional tourism boards, it participates in preparing the decisions
• Regional Tourism Boards: coordinates the actions and ideas of tourism actors in the regions,
• Hungarian Tourism Ltd.: national marketing organization of tourism, promoting Hungary's tourism attractions and services – Regional Tourism Marketing Departments– Network of Tourinform offices: maintained by local governments and
the National Tourism Board
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Rural tourism marketing organisations
• Hungarian Federation of Rural and Agri-Tourism (Hungarian abbreviation: FATOSZ)
– a national NGO, with 19 member organizations within the country representing the 19 counties of Hungary, and having rural accommodation providers as their members
– www.agroturizmus.eu: information service• Centre for Rural Tourism (Falusi Turizmus Centrum)
– a private company, selling beds in certified village houses throughout the country – online booking service.
• Agroservice AgroTourism – Private company, integrates local village and agro-tourism
providers, mainly in North-East Hungary, promotes agrotourism accommodations through their website
• IKUVEH Consortium: Consortium for Rural tourism Interest Representation - Agricultural Study Tours and Trainings, information booklets and electronic promotional material
• ...
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4. Competencies
4 sunflowers: Accommodation with separate bathroom and toilet for each room, well
equipped with furniture, and having a separate common living room and dining room, garden and parking facilities for guests.
3 sunflowers:Accommodation with separate bathroom and toilet for the guests, living room and
dining room, garden and parking facilities availabel for guests.
2 sunflowers:A moderately equipped accommodation, a common bathroom and toilet,
common dining room and kitchen access for the guests, and parking facilities.
1 sunflower: Accommodation with no conveniences, a simple sleeping place, or nomadic
campsite for tents, and parking facilities.
Physical requirements:The FATOSZ has introduced the the quality assurance and quality grading
system of rural accommodations in Hungary.
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Human requirementsPersonal traits of accommodation providers:• Cleanliness, hospitable, friendly behaviour, openness• Language skills (for foreign visitors)• Professional skills for catering and hospitality management, farming and
additional businessesEducation:Vocational post-secondary (ISCED 3.1) – farm housewife training• Cooking, household chores, basic hospitality skills• Agricultural skills and knowledge (animal husbandry, horticulture)• Knowlegde of folk traditions• Entrepreneurial skills and knowledge (taxation, business management,
marketing)National Registry for Vocations and trainings: 1998• Vocation: farm-housewife trainings at various levels (2200 – 2500-3000 hours
of teaching, after primary school)• Village caterer and accommodation provider (from 2006, 1 year, 1300 hours,
ISCED 3.1))• Hospitality management (ISCED 3.2)• Tourism management (ISCED 5.1-5.2 -5.4-5.5)
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5. Legislation • Rural tourism accommodation: private accommodation, not situated in a
town or a designated spa or resort, with– the number of beds not greater than 10, the number of rooms not more than 5– one visitor stays not longer than 30 days.
• Rural tourism accommodation providers: qualified accommodation, and the activity registered at the notary of the settlement
• Rural caterer: provides meals and / or programmes for the guests / may provide rural accommodation, too
• Grading procedure for rural accommodation:– FATOSZ grading forms,
– Form „A”: for guest rooms - Form „B”: for holiday flat – – Form „C”: for holiday house - Form „D”: for campsites
• Taxes – VAT + Income tax (+local taxes?)• 2009: no income tax paid if annual income
400 000 HUF(approx 1500 EUR) of rural and agri tourism services 800 000 HUF (approx 3000 EUR) of rural accommodation provided 1200 000 HUF (approx 4500 EUR) of rural and agri tourism services and rural
accommodation provided together– No health insurance to be paid for the above!
• From 2010 this allowance is no longer available, all rural tourism services will be taxed (19% of profits)