1 oracle general ledger technical foundation presented at: atlanta oracle application user group...

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Oracle General LedgerTechnical Foundation

Presented At:Atlanta Oracle Application User Group Meeting

August 20, 1999

Presented by:Brad Eldredge

Oracle General Ledger- Technical Foundation

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Agenda:Introduction [5 min]

Speaker & AudienceEstablish Baseline Understanding & Set ExpectationsObjectives, Assumptions, & Scope

Technical Foundation [10 min]Application “Technical Foundation” Roles & ResponsibilitiesDatabase Objects, Tools, & Resources

GL Tables & Processes [20 min]Foundation (FND)General Ledger InterfaceGeneral Ledger SetupGeneral Ledger Data

Conclusion [5 min]Next StepsQuestions & AnswersAttend Breakout Session For More Details (Informal 1 hour)


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Introductions & Experience:Brad Eldredge

Manager, Oracle|solutionsAnswerThink Consulting Group6 years of Oracle applications experience - functional & technical / user &

consultantGL Enhancements Chairman Since Spring 1995GL SIG Coordinator Since Fall 1998

AudienceApplication Release? User Interface (Character, Smart Client, Internet/NCA)?Application Perspective

End User / Business AnalystTechnical (e.g. Developer, DBA, IT, System Support)Other

RolesCurrent - Technical Ability (Application, Tools, & Process)Future - Desire to become more Technical?

Role PerspectiveConsultant / ImplementationOrganizational Setup / Support / Reporting / Developer


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Objectives, Assumptions, & Scope:Presentation Objectives

Provide overview of technical roles, responsibilities, & tools - relating to Oracle GL (applies generically to all applications)

Provide understanding of major GL & FND application tables as they relate to application processes

Provide information about where to obtain more information & how to become “more technical”

Presentation AssumptionsAlready Familiar w/ Rel 11.0 & General Ledger applicationCommercial Installation

Presentation - Out Of Scope TopicsAverage BalancingEncumbrance & Budgetary Control (non-profit/govt)How to use technical tools (e.g. SQL)Database schema design

Presentation ExpectationsQ&A - Please hold until end or ask during breakout sessionAggressive agenda - We will move quickly through the materials & will only

scratch the surface


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Apps Tech Foundation Perspectives:

Application Super Users PerspectiveAd-hoc Reporting (e.g. Discoverer)OLAP tools (e.g. Oracle Financial Analyzer)Production Support (e.g. Fix problems, delete unwanted data, etc.)

Implementation PerspectiveProgrammatically Loading Apps Setups (e.g. COA values) Interfaces & Extracts Historical Data ConversionApplication Customizations

Application Development & Support PerspectiveCustom ReportsApplication Customizations & EnhancementsOracle AlertOracle Discoverer - End User Layer / Business AreasData Warehouse / Data Mart


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Database Objects:

Database Object - something created and stored in a database. Tables, views, synonyms, indexes, sequences, clusters, and columns are all types of database objects.

Table - the basic storage structure in a relational database, which consists of one or more units of information (rows) each containing the same kinds of values (columns).

View - a database object that is a logical representation of a table, which is derived from a table but has no storage of its own and often may be used in the same manner as a table.

Synonym - a name assigned to a table or view that may thereafter be used to refer to it.

Index - an Oracle feature used primarily to speed execution and impose uniqueness upon certain data. Indexes provide a faster access method to a table’s data instead of being required to perform a full table scan. Works similar to a card catalog.

Sequence - a database object used to generate unique integers for use as primary keys.


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Technical Tools Introduction:

Data Dictionary (yellow pages for the database)“DBA_” TablesViews Joins / Primary - Foreign key relationshipsTable indexes & sequencesEtc.

Data Definition Language (DDL)Creating / Changing database objects . . .Create Table, Alter Table, Drop TableGranting Database access & object privileges

Data Manipulation Language (DML)Changing data w/i tables . . .Select, Insert, Update, Delete


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Technical Tools:

SQL (Structured Query Language) - used to perform DDL & DML commands (SQL*Plus)

SQL*Loader - used to load data from flat files into Oracle database tables

PL/SQL - used to perform programming logic (e.g. “If . . . Then . . . Else”)

Developer 2000 - used to develop custom forms, reports, etc.

Designer 2000 - case tool used to design database schemas & generate custom tables

Discoverer 2000 - Adhoc query & reporting tool used to access data in database tables


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Technical Tools Cont’d:

Operating System:Operating system commands & navigation(e.g. Unix)Operating system file structureText Editor (e.g. Unix vi)

Connectivity Tools:FTP (File Transfer Protocol)Telnet

Understanding of server & database connectivity: IP Address / Host NameTNSNAMES.ORA file (c:\orawin\network\admin\ directory) IDs & Passwords (e.g. Operating System & Database)


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Database vs. Application Security:

Database Level Security:Database Users (e.g. GL, AP, AR, APPLSYS, etc.) - own all database

objects & have been granted privileges to access

Database IDs required for ALL tools which directly access Oracle database objects (e.g. SQL*Plus, Discoverer, Developer / Designer 2000, etc.)

Application Level Security:System Administration application - controls application access (via

forms, reports, programs, etc.) to database objects through “Data Groups”, which are assigned to User Responsibilities

End users sheltered from the database level of security when accessing via Oracle applications

“APPS” schema contains privileges to access ALL application objects owned by Oracle-defined database users (e.g. GL, AP, AR, APPLSYS, etc.)


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Linking Applications To Back-End:

From w/i Oracle applications, use the following menu command... “Help | About This Record”, which indicates the base table or view associated with the active form

Examine Utility . . . Accessed via Oracle application menu . . . “Help | Tools | Examine”. This utility can be secured via a profile option & requires knowledge of the “Apps” database password. Permits viewing of context-sensitive information associated w/ form (ties front end application to back end database)

Oracle Application Technical Reference Manuals (TRMs) - Learn about primary/foreign key relationships & tables impacted by various modules

Oracle Application User Guides; Application Object Library & System Administration

SQL Trace Utility . . . Accessed via Oracle application menu . . . “Help | Tools | Trace” - creates a log file of SQL calls


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Technical Education Resources:

Books such as . . . “ORACLE The Complete Reference” by George Koch & Kevin Loney

Oracle Education . . . Technical / Application Developer Tracks . . . “Introduction to Oracle” (5-day course on SQL*Plus & PL/SQL)

Computer Based Training (CBT) - SQLPL/SQLSQL*LoaderUNIX

OAUG - conferences & white papers

Exploring - Using the tools / utilities & methods identified in “Linking Applications To Back End”


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Oracle Table Types:In Scope For Today:GL Application Foundation (FND) Tables

Accounting Flexfield - “FND_ID_FLEX_STRUCTURES” & “FND_ID_FLEX_SEGMENTS”Value Sets - “FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS”Segment Values - “FND_FLEX_VALUES” & “FND_FLEX_VALUES_TL”

GL Application - Setup TablesSet of Books - “GL_SETS_OF_BOOKS”Code Combinations - “GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS”Calendar - “GL_PERIODS”, “GL_PERIOD_STATUSES”Budget Definitions - “GL_BUDGETS”, “GL_BUDGET_ENTITIES”,

“GL_BUDGET_VERSIONS”GL Application - Open Interface Tables

Actuals Interface - “GL_INTERFACE”Budget Interface - “GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE”Daily Foreign Currency Rates - “GL_DAILY_RATES_INTERFACE”

GL Application - Transaction & Balance Data Tables Journal Entries (Transactions) - “GL_JE_BATCHES”, “GL_JE_HEADERS”,

“GL_JE_LINES”Balances - “GL_BALANCES”


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Oracle Table Types Cont’d:Out Of Scope For Today:GL Application Definition Tables

Cross Validation Rules - “FND_FLEX_VALIDATION_RULES” & “FND_FLEX_VALIDATION_RULE_LINES”

Mass Allocations - “GL_ALLOC_BATCHES”, “GL_ALLOC_FORMULAS”, “GL_ALLOC_FORMULA_LINES”

Application Lookup TablesGL Lookup Values (e.g. A, B, E) - “GL_LOOKUPS”FND Lookup Values - “FND_LOOKUPS”

GL Application Processing & Temporary TablesControl - “GL_INTERFACE_CONTORL”Temporary - “GL_POSTING_INTERIM”, “GL_TEMPORARY_COMBINATIONS”

GL Application Archive, Log, & History TablesHistory - “GL_ALLOC_HISTORY”, “GL_ARCHIVE_HISTORY”,

“GL_INTERFACE_HISTORY”Archive & Purge - “GL_ARCHIVE_BATCHES”Log - “GL_IMPORT_REFERENCES”


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GL Objects Trivia:

Oracle General Ledger - Release 11.0 contains . . .130 tables, excluding temporary processing tables70 forms140 concurrent programs / reportsNote: These counts do NOT reflect tables and forms, which are part of

and accessible to the GL application, but are NOT owned by the GL user (e.g. FND objects owned by APPLSYS are NOT included).


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Applsys / Foundation Tables:

Database tables beginning with “FND_”, often referred to as “Foundation” are common across many applications (e.g. Key & Descriptive Flexfields)

Owner for “FND_” Database Objects . . . “APPLSYS”

In order to be recognized by Oracle Applications, all tables, forms, concurrent programs / executables, etc. must be “registered”; Registration occurs via the “Application Object Library” application using the responsibilities called “Application Developer” and “System Administrator”


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GL Technical Foundation - Tables :

Application Setup Tables“FND_”


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Tables - Application Setup (FND) :FND_APPLICATION (_TL)

APPLICATION_ID = 101 (Identifies Oracle General Ledger)

FND_ID_FLEX_STRUCTURES (_TL) - Identifies information about each “Key Flexfield” w/i Oracle ApplicationsAccounting Key Flexfield; ID_FLEX_CODE = ‘GL#’Accounting Key Flexfield; ID_FLEX_NAME = 101

FND_ID_FLEX_SEGMENTS (_TL) - Identifies information about Accounting Flexfiled SegmentsSegment NameSegment OrderFlex Value Set ID - Ties segments to value setsApplication Column Name (e.g. SEGMENT1 w/i GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS)

FND_CURRENCIES (_TL)Currency Code - Ties to Set of Books, GL Data, & Interface Tables


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Tables - Application Setup (FND) Cont’d:FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS

Flex Value Set ID (Primary Key which uniquely identifies records)Validation Type (e.g. Independent, Dependent, Table, None, etc.)Format Type (e.g. Char, Numeric, Date, etc.)Maximum SizeAlphanumeric, Alpha Only, Numeric Only; Uppercase Alpha Flag

FND_FLEX_VALUES (_TL)Segment ValueDescriptionFlex Value Set ID - Associates Segment Value w/ Value SetParent FlagEnabled Flag50 Descriptive Flexfields available


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Table - FND_FLEX_VALUES :

Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- --------------- FLEX_VALUE_SET_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10) FLEX_VALUE_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) FLEX_VALUE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(150) ENABLED_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) SUMMARY_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) START_DATE_ACTIVE DATE END_DATE_ACTIVE DATE PARENT_FLEX_VALUE_LOW VARCHAR2(60) PARENT_FLEX_VALUE_HIGH VARCHAR2(60) STRUCTURED_HIERARCHY_LEVEL NUMBER(15) HIERARCHY_LEVEL VARCHAR2(30) COMPILED_VALUE_ATTRIBUTES VARCHAR2(2000) VALUE_CATEGORY VARCHAR2(30) ATTRIBUTE1 - ATTRIBUTE50 VARCHAR2(240)


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Table - FND_FLEX_VALUES Cont’d:Notes:

Table contains seed dataAlways take an export of base tables before modifying w/ SQL*Plus

Primary Key = FLEX_VALUE_ID; generated from table sequence, which should be called by SQL*Plus script

Foreign Key = FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS.FLEX_VALUE_SET_ID

COMPILED_VALUE_ATTRIBUTES (Segment Qualifiers) - must utilize syntax to reference data . . . ‘Y’||chr(10)||‘Y’||Chr(10)||‘A’

Account Types inherited by Account Code Combinations only @ CCID creation time; Gotcha > Retained Earnings Year-end Closeout

Language / Descriptions “TL_” Tables

Ensure SQL*Plus script verifies that data in staging table meets the respective Value Set constraints prior to populating the Oracle base table.


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Loading FND_FLEX_VALUES:Implementation Requirement: Setup Chart of Accounts

Problem: No Interface table to load COA values!

Solution: Extract values from legacy system, apply formatting / data cleansing, automate the load directly into Oracle base tables

Process: Accounting Flexfield Structure (COA)Create Value Set (via forms) > FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS

Create Key Segments (via forms) > FND_ID_FLEX_SEGMENTS & FND_ID_FLEX_STRUCTURE

Load & Verify Key Segment Values > FND_FLEX_VALUES & FND_FLEX_VALUES_TL

Create & populate Excel Template (based on Value Set definitions)

Save As .txt, .csv, or .prn file type


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Loading FND_FLEX_VALUES Cont’d:

Create SQL*Loader control file (.ctl)

Create custom database tables for data staging

FTP files (text file & control file) to server

Execute SQL*Loader referencing text & control files

Verify successful loads by reviewing .log & .bad files; Review data loaded into custom staging table(s)

Perform additional staging & data manipulation (if necessary)

SQL*Plus: Create script & run to load data from staging into base tables

Verify successful load & run compile flexfields concurrent request via Oracle application form (e.g. Key Segment Values)


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Accounting Cycle & GL Setup Tables“GL_”


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Table - GL_SETS_OF_BOOKS : Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- -------------- SET_OF_BOOKS_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) SHORT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20) CHART_OF_ACCOUNTS_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) CURRENCY_CODE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) PERIOD_SET_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) SUSPENSE_ALLOWED_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) ALLOW_INTERCOMPANY_POST_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) ENABLE_JE_APPROVAL_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) MRC_SOB_TYPE_CODE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) FUTURE_ENTERABLE_PERIODS_LIMIT NUMBER(15) LATEST_OPENED_PERIOD_NAME VARCHAR2(15) RET_EARN_CODE_COMBINATION_ID NUMBER(15) CUM_TRANS_CODE_COMBINATION_ID NUMBER(15) DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(240) ATTRIBUTE1 - 15 VARCHAR2(150)


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Table - GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS :

Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ------------ CODE_COMBINATION_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) CHART_OF_ACCOUNTS_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) DETAIL_POSTING_ALLOWED_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) DETAIL_BUDGETING_ALLOWED_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) ACCOUNT_TYPE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) ENABLED_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) SUMMARY_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) SEGMENT1 - 30 VARCHAR2(25) DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(240) TEMPLATE_ID NUMBER(15) ATTRIBUTE1 - 10 VARCHAR2(150)


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Table - GL_PERIODS : Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ------------ PERIOD_SET_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) PERIOD_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) START_DATE NOT NULL DATE END_DATE NOT NULL DATE YEAR_START_DATE DATE QUARTER_START_DATE DATE PERIOD_TYPE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) PERIOD_YEAR NOT NULL NUMBER(15) PERIOD_NUM NOT NULL NUMBER(15) QUARTER_NUM NOT NULL NUMBER(15) ENTERED_PERIOD_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1)


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Table - GL_PERIOD_STATUSES : Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ------------ APPLICATION_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) SET_OF_BOOKS_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) PERIOD_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) CLOSING_STATUS NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1)


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Tables - Budget Setup:GL_BUDGETS

Stores budget definitions from “Define Budget” formBudget Name, Set of Books ID, Valid Period Range (e.g. First & Last

periods)

GL_BUDGET_VERSIONSStores information about budget versions - currently Oracle only

supports one budget version per budget definition

GL_BUDGET_ENTITIESStores information about budget organizations. Each row includes

the organization name and the set of books ID. This is the base table for the “Define Budget Organization” form.

GL_BUDGET_ASSIGNMENT_RANGESStores the account ranges assigned to each budget organization


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GL Open Interface Tables“GL_”


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Application Open Interface Tables (GL) :GL_INTERFACE Used to import journal entry transactions (budget, actual, encumbrance, and

statistical) from external sources. Also used to send transactions between sets of books (e.g. Consolidation, MRC, CENTRA, etc.).

Notes: Requires calendar periods to be “Open” or “Future”. The “Journal Import”

program transfers data from the Interface table into the Oracle base tables (e.g. GL_JE_BATCHES, GL_JE_HEADERS, and GL_JE_LINES).

The “Journal Posting” program changes the posting status w/i the “GL_JE_”

tables, updates the GL_BALANCES table, creates Intercompany Balancing transactions, Suspense Posting transactions, etc.

GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE Used to import budget data directly into GL_BALANCES table without requiring

accounting periods to be open or run the Journal Posting program

GL_DAILY_RATES_INTERFACE Used to automates the loading of currency conversion rates into the

GL_DAILY_RATES table.


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Open Interface Table Diagram :

Legacy System(s) / GLDI

GL_INTERFACE

Run Journal Import

GL_JE_BATCHES

GL_JE_HEADERS

GL_JE_LINES

GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE

Run Budget Upload

GL_BALANCES

Oracle GL - Open Interface Tables


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Table - GL_INTERFACE : Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ---- STATUS NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50) SET_OF_BOOKS_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) ACCOUNTING_DATE NOT NULL DATE CURRENCY_CODE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) ACTUAL_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) USER_JE_CATEGORY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25) USER_JE_SOURCE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25) BUDGET_VERSION_ID NUMBER SEGMENT1-30 VARCHAR2(25) ENTERED_DR NUMBER ENTERED_CR NUMBER ACCOUNTED_DR NUMBER ACCOUNTED_CR NUMBER REFERENCE1-30 VARCHAR2(100) CODE_COMBINATION_ID NUMBER(15) ATTRIBUTE1-20 VARCHAR2(150)


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Table - GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE : Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ------------ BUDGET_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) BUDGET_ENTITY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25) CURRENCY_CODE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) FISCAL_YEAR NOT NULL NUMBER(15) UPDATE_LOGIC_TYPE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) BUDGET_ENTITY_ID NUMBER(15) SET_OF_BOOKS_ID NUMBER(15) CODE_COMBINATION_ID NUMBER(15) BUDGET_VERSION_ID NUMBER(15) PERIOD_TYPE VARCHAR2(15) STATUS VARCHAR2(1) ACCOUNT_TYPE VARCHAR2(25) PERIOD1_AMOUNT NUMBER SEGMENT1 - 30 VARCHAR2(25)


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Table - GL_DAILY_RATES_INTERFACE :

Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ------------- FROM_CURRENCY NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) TO_CURRENCY NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) FROM_CONVERSION_DATE NOT NULL DATE TO_CONVERSION_DATE NOT NULL DATE USER_CONVERSION_TYPE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) CONVERSION_RATE NOT NULL NUMBER INVERSE_CONVERSION_RATE NUMBER


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GL Transaction & Balance Data Tables“GL_”


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Tables - Transactions & Balances :

GL_JE_BATCHES

GL_JE_HEADERS

GL_JE_LINES GL_BALANCES

Transactional (Detail) Data: Balance (Summary) Data:

1

M

1

M

Transactions summarized by code combination & stored in Balances table during the Journal Posting program


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Data Tables - GL_JE_LINES : Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ------------- JE_HEADER_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) JE_LINE_NUM NOT NULL NUMBER(15) SET_OF_BOOKS_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) CODE_COMBINATION_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) PERIOD_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) EFFECTIVE_DATE NOT NULL DATE STATUS NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) ENTERED_DR NUMBER ENTERED_CR NUMBER ACCOUNTED_DR NUMBER ACCOUNTED_CR NUMBER DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(240) REFERENCE_1 - _5 VARCHAR2(240) ATTRIBUTE1 - 20 VARCHAR2(150)


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Data Tables - GL_BALANCES : Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ------------ SET_OF_BOOKS_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) CODE_COMBINATION_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(15) CURRENCY_CODE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) PERIOD_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(15) ACTUAL_FLAG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(1) BUDGET_VERSION_ID NUMBER(15) TRANSLATED_FLAG VARCHAR2(1) PERIOD_NET_DR NUMBER PERIOD_NET_CR NUMBER BEGIN_BALANCE_DR NUMBER BEGIN_BALANCE_CR NUMBER PERIOD_NET_DR_BEQ NUMBER PERIOD_NET_CR_BEQ NUMBER BEGIN_BALANCE_DR_BEQ NUMBER BEGIN_BALANCE_CR_BEQ NUMBER TEMPLATE_ID NUMBER(15)


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Next Steps:

Get involved by performing technical tasks

Get to know and work closely with technical resources (e.g. Application Developers, DBAs, etc.)

Take Technical Courses

Obtain a UNIX ID/PW and Database User ID/PW in a development environment

Save information to database via Oracle application forms and then use tools / utilities to view results in database


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Questions:

Contact Info: Brad Eldredge

Email: [email protected]

Phone: 770.690.9700, ext 3092

1 oracle general ledger technical foundation presented at: atlanta oracle application user group...

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