presented to: by: date: federal aviation administration faa gnss program plans and status institute...
TRANSCRIPT
Presented to:
By:
Date:
Federal AviationAdministration
FAA GNSS Program Plans and Status
Institute of Navigation NTM
Leo Eldredge, FAA GNSS Group
January 28, 2008
ION NTM2Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Agenda
• Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Status
• Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Status
• Future Considerations
ION NTM3Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
FAA Satellite Navigation Vision
ION NTM4Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
WAAS Architecture
38 Reference
Stations
3 Master
Stations
4 Ground
Earth Stations
2 Geostationary
Satellite Links
2 Operational
Control Centers
ION NTM5Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
WAAS Performance
* Use of GPS vertical not authorized for aviation without augmentation (SBAS or GBAS)
WAAS Performance evaluated based on a total of 1,761 million samples (or 20,389 user days)
GPS
Standard
GPS
Actual
WAAS LPV-200
Standard
WAAS LPV-200
Actual
Horizontal 95% 36 m 2.74 m 16 m 1.08 m
Vertical 95% 77 m *3.89 m 4 m 1.26 m
WAAS Enterprise Schedule
FLP Segment (Phase II)
LPV-200 Segment (Phase III)
Dual Frequency (Phase IV)
Inmarsat
GEO #3 – Intelsat
GEO #4 – TeleSat
GEO #5 – TBD
GEO #6 – TBD
Approach Development
04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30FY
Development Operational
Technical Refresh Operational
JRC
Lease Extension9/06
Launch10/05
Operational
Operational
Launch9/05
Operational
Launch7/12
Operational
Launch7/15
~6,000
WAAS Procedure Development
Technical Refresh OperationalJRC
FOC
ION NTM7Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
WAAS Phases
• Phase I: IOC (July 2003)– Provided LNAV/VNAV/Limited LPV Capability
• Phase II: Full LPV (2003 – 2008)– Improved LPV availability in CONUS and Alaska– Consists of additional WRS, hardware updates, software optimization, improved
human factors, and GEO replacement
• Phase III: Full LPV-200 (Cat I ILS Equivalent) Performance (2009 – 2013)– Development, modifications, and enhancements to include tech refresh– Steady state operations and maintenance
• Phase IV: Dual Frequency Operations (2014 – 2028)– Scheduled to align with DoD’s GPS Modernization Program (L5)– Provide additional protection against unintentional GPS interference– Will significantly improve availability and continuity during severe solar activity– WAAS will continue to support current single frequency users
ION NTM8Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
GEO Satellite Improvements
• Phase I – IOC– Inmarsat Satellites
• AOR-W – 54W• POR – 178E
– AOR-W Moved to 142W– Leases Expired July 2007
• Phase II - FLP– New GEOs
• Intelsat (Galaxy XV) – 133W• Telesat Canada (Anik F1R) – 107W
– Operational July 2007– 10 Year Lease Telesat
107WPanAmSat
133W
Original AOR/W Position
54W
POR178E
New AOR/W Position142W
ION NTM9Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
WAAS LPV Coverage- Initial Operating Capability -
WAAS LPV Coverage- Current 2008 -
WAAS RNP Coverage- Current -
ION NTM12Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
WAAS Avionics Status
• Total WAAS avionics receivers sold ~25,000• Approximately 40% of ~120,000 IFR equipped
GA aircraft are equipped with Garmin receivers– GNS-400/500 series new and upgrades available – G-1000 becoming WAAS upgradeable
• Flight Management System Interface more complicated, hence slower to the market– Rockwell-Collins: Providing both TSO WAAS
enabled multimode receivers and WAAS FMS sensors. Expecting CRJ/Canadair 604 STC approval in FY‘08
– CMC: FAA Tech Center’s Global 5000 aircraft to integrate CMC WAAS sensor into Honeywell Primus 2000 FMS by December 2008.
– Universal Avionics: WAAS-enabled capability in dual thread UNS-1 FMS TSO. Supports: Helicopters, Turboprops, Business jets, regional aircraft, air transport aircraft retrofits, FAA’s two Citations XLs
ION NTM13Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
WAAS Avionics Status Cont’d
• Southwest Airlines– “Southwest Airlines will equip more than 200 Boeing 737 legacy
aircraft with Rockwell Collins' Global Positioning System GPS-4000S for Required Navigational Performance (RNP) operations. Installation begins in 2008.”1
– “Rockwell Collins' GPS-4000S sensor and associated Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) antenna will allow improved availability and integrity of GPS navigation. Additionally, WAAS provides service for all classes of aircraft in all flight operations, including en route navigation, airport departures and airport arrivals. “2
• FedEx Express– Currently equipping 253 Cessna Caravan Aircraft with GNS-530W
WAAS avionics and GMX-200 multi-function displays– Starting to equip 48 Q400s with Universal UNS-1F avionics
1,2 Rockwell Collins Press Release, January 15, 2008: Southwest selects Rockwell Collins' GPS system for RNP operations
ION NTM14Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Instrument Approach Services
WAAS
½
GPS
WAAS
LAAS
LNAV
ION NTM15Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
GPS/WAAS Approach Procedures
LPVs 995LNAV/VNAVs 1121LNAVs 4225
LP procedure criteria under development for use at runways where obstacles prevent a vertically guided approach
ION NTM16Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
WAAS Approaches Today
Each dot represents an airport with an LPV and/or LNAV/VNAV minima on an RNAV (GPS) instrument approach procedure(As of: July 12, 2007)
ION NTM17Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
• Precision Approach For Category I, II & III
• Multiple Runway Coverage At An Airport
• Terminal Area Procedures for Arrival and Departure
ION NTM18Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Current Activities
• Integrity Analysis and Prototype Development• GBAS System Design Approval (SDA) Process • GBAS/LAAS Operational Implementation• International Cooperation and Development• CAT-III Research & Development Activities
ION NTM19Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
LAAS Category-I Activities
• Integrity Analysis and Prototype Development– Probability of Hazardously Misleading Information (HMI) Analysis
Expected to Complete in March 2008• GBAS System Design Approval (SDA) Process
– Honeywell Developing Certified Hardware and Software to Implement the FAA-approved Category-I Design
– Airservices Australia Funding Development Activities– FAA Supporting Technical Reviews and Design Assurance for Non-
Federal Approval• GBAS/LAAS Operational Implementation
– First Site Approval at Memphis in Late 2008– FedEx Applicant for Special Approval
• International Cooperation and Development– Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) with AsA, AENA, DFS– Parallel Implementation of Cat-I Systems
ION NTM20Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Category II/III Plan
• Requirements Development– Coordinate With ICAO/NSP and RTCA/WG-4– Publish Draft MOPS and GF Specification ~ December 2008
• Objective is to Optimize Performance and Integrity Allocations Between LAAS Ground Facility and Auto-Land Equipped Aircraft
• Prototyping and Validation– Develop CAT-II/III Prototype LGF and User Avionics by ~2010
• Validate Implementation of the Integrity Design and Allocations
– Complete Non-Federal System Design Approval by ~2012
ION NTM21Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Future Considerations
• GNSS Modernization– GPS Dual Frequency (L1/L5) Service Provides Foundation– Potential for Larger or Multiple GNSS Constellations– User Equipment Standards Development for New Signals
• WAAS Dual Frequency Upgrade– Level of Dual Frequency Integration Required and the Impact on the
Current System• Established GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study (GEAS) to
Investigate Long Range Planning for Dual Frequency GPS– Objective: Develop Architectural Alternatives to Provide Worldwide
LPV-200 Service in the ~2025-2030 Timeframe– Satisfaction of Aviation Integrity Requirements as a Most Challenging
Aspect Based on Experience with WAAS/ LAAS– Participation With The GPS Wing, DoD National Security Space Office
(NSSO), DOT Research & Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), and the Joint Planning & Development Office (JPDO) for NextGen
ION NTM22Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
GEAS Panel
Geoff Harris G-Wing/Aerospace
Karl Shallberg GREI
Boris Pervan IIT
John Dobyne G-WIng/ARINC
Karl Kovach G-Wing/Aerospace
Willie Bertiger JPL
Young Lee MITRE
JP Fernow MITRE
Frank Van Grass Ohio University
Juan Blanch Stanford University
Per Enge (Co-Chair) Stanford University
Todd Walter Stanford University
Pat Reddan Zeta Associates
Deane Bunce (Co-Chair) FAA ATO-W
Leo Eldredge FAA ATO-W
Deborah Lawrence FAA ATO-W
Calvin Miles FAA ATO-W
Kevin Bridges FAA AVS
Hamza Abduselam FAA AVS
Tom McHugh FAA ATO-P
Bill Wanner FAA ATO-P
David Schoonenberg NSSO
Mike David NSSO
Karen Van Dyke RITA/Volpe
Navin Mathur GPS TAC
ION NTM23Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
GEAS Architecture Options
• Architectural Paradigms in the GEAS– GNSS Integrity Channel (GIC)– Relative RAIM (RRAIM)– Absolute RAIM (ARAIM)
• 6 Second Time to Alarm (TTA) Requirement Presents Significant Challenge for Any Architecture Providing Worldwide Service for Aviation
• Alternatives Trade the Degree of Aircraft Based Augmentation (ABAS), Constellation Geometric Robustness, User Range Accuracy, and Corrections/Integrity Augmentation
ION NTM24Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
GNSS Integrity Channel (GIC)
• User Avionics– No RAIM/FDE Required – WAAS/SBAS extension– Dual Frequency (L1/L5) – Ionosphere Delay Estimation
• Ground Segment Monitor Network– Externally Monitor and Detect All SV Faults That Affect the User– Requires Monitoring Network Capable of Continuous Monitoring of
All GNSS Satellites From At Least Two Locations– Network Latency to Support Time to Alarm of 6 Seconds
• Signal-In-Space– Corrections & Integrity Messages– Data Rate Comparable to SBAS Broadcast of 250 bps– Broadcast Via GEOs Or Other Suitable Means
• Space Segment– Nominal 24 SV Commitment is Included in the SPS PS
ION NTM25Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Most recent monitored position withcorresponding HPL and VPL
Propagate the most recent monitored position with carrier phase only
Growth in HPL and VPL due toRAIM on the carrier phase-baseddelta position updates
VPL
HPL
From Prof. van Graas, Ohio University
Relative RAIM: Range Rate Residuals
ION NTM26Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Relative RAIM: Range Rate Residuals
• User Avionics– Integrity/Correction Messages Provide Starting Point– Dual Frequency (L1/L5) – Ionosphere Delay Estimation– RRAIM Algorithms Check Residuals Between Carrier Phase
Measurements and Estimated Change in Position• Ground Segment Monitor Network
– Requires Monitoring Network Capable of Continuous Monitoring of All GPS Satellites From At Least Two Locations
– Time to Alarm of Up to 10 Minutes is Tolerable• Signal-In-Space Broadcast
– RRAIM Coasting Enables Slow Integrity/Correction Messages – Suitable for SBAS GEOs, Possibly GNSS Messages or Other Low Data
Rate Alternatives• Space Segment
– Viable for Constellation of 27 or More (note 24 SV Commitment is Included in the SPS PS)
ION NTM27Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Absolute RAIM: Range Residuals
2
April 23, 2004
© 2004 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Range Comparison Method (RCM) (Example with 5 SVs in View)
• Avionics– Receiver Autonomous Integrity
Monitoring as the Primary Integrity Solution
– Dual Frequency (L1/L5) – Ionosphere Delay Estimation
• Ground Segment Monitor Network– Continuous Monitoring of All GPS
Satellites From At Least Two Locations– Update error variance and mean for each
Satellite– Time to alarm of 1 or more hours is
tolerable• Signal-In-Space
– Reliability Estimates (a Priori Probability) for Each SV
– Broadcast Via GNSS or GEO Messages• Space Segment
– Requires 30 or More GNSS SVs (note 24 SV Commitment is Included in the SPS PS)
ION NTM28Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Preliminary Results
Constellation
Architecture 24 minus 1 24 27 minus 1 27 30 minus 1 30
GIC 86.6% 100% 97.8% 100% 100% 100%
RRAIM with 30 s coasting
81.2% 99.4% 96.8% 100% 100% 100%
RRAIM with 60 s coasting
74.4% 98.5% 92.8% 100% 100% 100%
RRAIM with 300 s coasting
28.0% 76.1% 52.3% 99.6% 93.9% 100%
ARAIM 7.80% 44.7% 30.6% 94.1% 90.5% 100%
ION NTM29Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
GEAS Next Steps
• Complete Phase 1 Report– Final Draft in Coordination, Release in February
• Establish Phase 2 Work Plan– More Detailed Analysis of Each Architecture Alternative– Address three major areas: trade space refinement; integrity
performance analysis; and transition strategy • Avionics Requirements and Monitoring Algorithms
• Ground System Monitoring Requirements and Algorithms
• Further Assessment of Constellation Variations
• Assess Multiple Constellation Considerations
ION NTM30Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Summary
• WAAS Program Nearing Full Operational Capability (FOC) for FLP Service– Operational Implementation Activities Continue
• Procedures and Avionics
– In-Service Management and Operations– Engineering Studies to Prepare for GPS Modernization
• LAAS Continues Under Research & Development – Category-I System Design Approval Planned for 2008– Category-II/III Will Expected to Progress Through 2012
• GEAS Assessing Architectural Approach for Dual Frequency User Era
ION NTM31Federal Aviation
AdministrationJanuary 28, 2008
Questions