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Q1. (a) Figure 1 shows a signal generator connected to a loudspeaker.

The signal generator is adjusted to change the sound wave produced by the loudspeaker.

Figure 1

A microphone connected to a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) is used to detect the sound waves from the loudspeaker.

Figure 2 shows the CRO traces, A, B and C, produced by three different sound waves.

The settings on the CRO were the same for each trace.

Figure 2

Use the correct letter, A, B or C, to complete each sentence.

(i) The sound wave with the highest frequency is shown by trace .

(1)

A B C

(ii) The sound wave with the smallest amplitude is shown by trace .

(1)

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(b) The loudspeaker produces a sound wave with a frequency of 850 hertz and a wavelength of 0.4 metres.

Calculate the speed of this sound wave. Give the unit.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

Choose the unit from the list below.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Speed = ............................................................... (3)

joules metres / second watts

(c) A motorbike is driven towards a microphone and CRO which are placed by the side of the road.

The motorbike emits a sound wave of constant frequency.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

As the motorbike moves towards the microphone, the frequency of the sound wave

produced by the motorbike.

the wavelength of the sound wave from the motorbike. (2)

(Total 7 marks)

higher than

detected by the microphone will be the same as the frequency of the sound wave

lower than

The wavelength of the sound wave detected by the microphone will be

longer than

the same as

shorter than

Q2. A note was played on an electric keyboard.

The frequency of the note was 440 Hz.

(a) (i) What does a frequency of 440 Hz mean?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

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(ii) The sound waves produced by the keyboard travel at a speed of 340 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the note.


Give your answer to three significant figures.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Wavelength = ........................................ metres (3)

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(b) Figure 1 shows a microphone connected to a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) being used to detect the note produced by the keyboard.

Figure 1

Figure 2 shows the trace produced by the sound wave on the CRO.

Figure 2

A second note, of different wavelength, was played on the keyboard.

Figure 3 shows the trace produced by the sound wave of the second note on the CRO.

Figure 3

The settings on the CRO were unchanged.

What two conclusions should be made about the second sound wave produced by the keyboard compared with the first sound wave?

Give a reason for each conclusion.

Conclusion 1 ..................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Reason ..........................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................

Conclusion 2 ..................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Reason ..........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (4)

(Total 8 marks)

Q3. (a) The diagram shows an electric bell inside a glass jar. The bell can be heard ringing.

In the following sentences, cross out the two lines that are wrong in each box.

When all the air has been taken out of the glass jar, the ringing sound will

This is because sound through a vacuum. (2)

(b) The microphone and cathode ray oscilloscope are used to show the sound wave pattern of a musical instrument.

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One of the following statements describes what a microphone does. Tick the box next to the correct statement.

(1)

A microphone transfers sound energy to light energy.

A microphone transfers sound energy to electrical energy.

A microphone transfers electrical energy to sound energy.

(c) Four different sound wave patterns are shown. They are all drawn to the same scale.

(i) Which sound wave pattern has the highest pitch?

..........................................................................................................................

Give a reason for your answer.

.......................................................................................................................... (2)

(ii) Which sound wave pattern is the loudest?

..........................................................................................................................


..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 7 marks)

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Q4. Diagram 1 shows a longitudinal wave being produced in a stretched spring.

(a) A longitudinal wave has areas of compression and areas of rarefaction.

Mark with the letter C, one area of compression shown in Diagram 1. (1)

(b) Diagram 2 shows the apparatus a teacher uses to demonstrate that sound can be reflected.

(i) Using a ruler, draw on Diagram 2 to show how sound from the loudspeaker is reflected by the sheet of metal to the sound sensor.

(2)

(ii) The teacher replaced the sheet of metal with a sheet of glass.

When he did this, the reading on the sound level meter went down.

Suggest why.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) The teacher changed the output from the loudspeaker to increase the amplitude of the sound wave produced.

What effect, if any, does this increase of amplitude have on the loudness of the sound?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

(1)

makes the sound quieter

does not change the loudness of

the sound

makes the sound louder

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(iv) The loudspeaker produces a sound wave at a frequency of 850 Hz. The wavelength of the sound wave is 0.4 m.

Calculate the speed of the sound wave.


Show clearly how you work out your answer.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Speed = ...................................................................... m/s (2)

(c) Music concerts are sometimes performed in sports halls. The concerts can be spoilt because of the sound reflected from the floor and walls.

What word is used to describe a reflected sound?

........................................................................................................................ (1)

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(d) The graph shows how the percentage of sound reflected from the floor and from the walls of a large room can be reduced by carpets and by curtains.

(i) Over which range of frequencies do curtains reduce the percentage of sound reflected the most?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

(1)

from 250 Hz to 750 Hz



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(ii) The manager of a sports hall plans to use the hall for regular music concerts. He has enough money to buy either carpet or curtains, but not both.

To improve the sound an audience hears, it would be better to hang curtains on the walls rather than laying a carpet over the floor.

Use the data in the graph to explain why.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 11 marks)

Q5. The diagram shows a ray of light from a ray box that is reflected by a plane mirror.

(a) What name is given to the dashed line labelled J?


(1)

incident normal reflection

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(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.

(1)

be doubled.

If the angle marked K is halved, then the angle marked L will not change.

be halved.

(c) A student looking into the mirror can see an image of the ray box.

Which two words can be used to describe the image that the student sees?

Draw a ring around the two correct answers.

(2) (Total 4 marks)

inverted magnified real upright virtual

Q6. Small sailing boats can be fitted with a passive radar device. The device increases the chance that the small boat will be seen on the radar screen of a large ship. The radar transmitter on the large ship emits microwaves.

(a) Microwaves and radio waves are both part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

How are microwaves different from radio waves?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (1)

(b) How fast do microwaves travel through the air or a vacuum compared to radio waves?

........................................................................................................................ (1)

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(c) The diagrams show the position of a passive radar device on a small boat and the internal construction of one type of passive radar device.

Microwaves can be absorbed, reflected or transmitted by different materials and types of surface.

Explain what happens to the microwaves from the ship’s transmitter when they reach the passive radar device.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

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(d) Each type of passive radar device has an RCS value. The larger the RCS value, the easier it is for a small boat fitted with the device to be detected.

An independent group of scientists measured the RCS values of 4 different types of device. The RCS value for each device was measured in the same room using the same equipment.

(i) Why are the walls of the room covered in a material that absorbs the waves emitted by the radar transmitter?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Why is it important to use the same room and the same equipment?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) Why is it important that the measurements are made by an independent group of scientists?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

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(e) The movement of a small boat causes the mast and device to lean over, therefore the RCS values were measured at different angles.

The table gives the RCS values obtained by the scientists.

(i) Describe how the RCS values for device A are different to the RCS values for device B.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

Device

Angle X

0 ° 5 ° 10 ° 15 °

A 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8

B 4.7 2.6 2.3 1.9

C 9.3 3.3 1.9 1.1

D 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.6

(ii) The scientists recommended that a passive radar device fitted to a small boat should have:

• the largest possible RCS value

• an RCS value consistently above 2.0

Which one of the devices, A, B, C or D, would you recommend that someone fits to their boat?

.............................................


...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(Total 10 marks)

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Q7. The diagram shows the seven types of wave that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.

(a) (i) Microwaves and visible light can be used for communications.

Name one more type of electromagnetic wave that can be used for communications.

............................................................................................................... (1)

Gamma rays

X-rays Ultraviolet rays

Visible light

Infra red rays

Micro- waves

Radio waves

(ii) Name one type of electromagnetic wave that has a longer wavelength than microwaves.

............................................................................................................... (1)

(b) Wi-Fi is a system that joins a laptop computer to the internet without using wires. A 2400 megahertz microwave signal is used to link a computer to a device called a router.

What quantity is measured in hertz?

Draw a ring around your answer.

(1)

frequency wavelength wave speed

(c) A politician commented on the increasing use of Wi-Fi. He said: ‘I believe that these systems may be harmful to children.’

(i) Suggest one reason why more scientific research into the safety of Wi-Fi systems is needed.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.

(1) (Total 5 marks)

a fact.

What the politician said was an opinion.

a prediction.

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Q8. (a) Scientific research carried out in 13 countries has tried to find out if there are any links between using a mobile phone and developing different types of cancer.

About 13 000 people, half with cancer and half in good health, were interviewed about their mobile phone use.

(i) Suggest why people in good health were interviewed.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Interviewing 13 000 people gave the researchers a large sample size.

Give one advantage, in any research project, of having a large sample size rather than a small sample size.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(b) The following information was included in a newspaper article about the research project.

• It may be difficult to prove there is a link simply by asking people how much they use a mobile phone. People’s memories are not always accurate.

• Scientists in Israel found that people who use a mobile phone a lot are 50% more likely to develop a cancer on the salivary gland just in front of the ears.

• The cost of the research, £20 million, has been partly paid for by mobile phone companies.

• No children were included in the research.

(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the following sentence.

(1)

Using children in scientific research raises

environmental

ethical

social

issues.

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(ii) Suggest two reasons why some people are concerned that the research was partly paid for by mobile phone companies.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(iii) In Germany, mobile phones that emit very low levels of radiation are marked with a special symbol.

Explain why low emission mobile phones should be marked in this way.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 7 marks)

Q9. (a) The visible light spectrum has a range of frequencies.

Figure 1 shows that the frequency increases from red light to violet light.

Figure 1

Increasing frequency

Use the correct answers from the box to complete the sentence.

As the frequency of the light waves increases, the wavelength

of the light waves ............................................................ and

the energy of the light waves ............................................................ . (2)

Red Green Violet

decreases stays the same increases

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(b) Figure 2 shows what happens to the light energy when a ray of light hits a glass block.

Figure 2

98% of the incident energy is either reflected or transmitted by the glass block.

What happens to the other 2% of the incident energy?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (1)

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(c) Bottled beer will spoil if the intensity of the light passing through the glass bottle into the beer is too high.

Figure 3 shows the intensity of the light that is transmitted through three different pieces of glass.

Figure 3

Wavelength × 10– 9 in metres

(i) The pieces of glass all had the same thickness.

Suggest why.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Bottles made of brown glass are suitable for storing beer.

Suggest why.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(Total 5 marks)

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Q10. (a) Some scientists think that there is a link between using a mobile phone and some types of illness. Other scientists disagree. They say that the evidence is limited and unreliable.

(i) Suggest what scientists could do to show a link between using a mobile phone and illness.

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) How could scientists improve the reliability of the evidence?

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) Complete the following passage by drawing a ring around the word in the box that is correct.

There has been little or no experimental research into the health of children who use mobile phones.

children in scientific research. (1)

This is partly because of the

economic

environmental

ethical

issues involved in using

(b) Before being sold, new mobile phones must be tested and given a SAR value. The SAR value is a measure of the energy absorbed by the head while a mobile phone is being used.

The table gives the SAR value for three mobile phones made by different companies. To be sold in the UK, a mobile phone must have a SAR value lower than 2.0 W/kg.

Mobile phone SAR value in W/kg

J 0.18

K 0.86

L 1.40

(i) All companies use the same test to measure a SAR value.

Why is using the same test important?

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

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(ii) Would the companies that make the mobile phones, J, K and L, be correct to claim that these three phones are totally safe to use?

Answer yes or no. ..............................


...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

(c) Devices designed to protect a mobile phone user from microwave radiation are now available.

Why is it important that these devices are tested by scientists who are not working for the company that makes the devices?

.....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... (1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q11. Diagram 1 shows four of the seven types of wave in the electromagnetic spectrum.

(a) The four types of electromagnetic wave named in Diagram 1 above are used for communication.

(i) Which type of electromagnetic wave is used when a traffic signal communicates with a car driver?

............................................................................................................... (1)

Diagram 1

J K L Visible light Infrared Microwaves

Radio waves

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(ii) Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to communicate with a satellite in space?

............................................................................................................... (1)

(b) Gamma rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Which letter, J, K or L, shows the position of gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum?


(1)

J K L

(c) Diagram 2 shows an infrared wave.

Diagram 2

(i) Which one of the arrows, labelled A, B or C, shows the wavelength of the wave?

(1)

Write the correct answer, A, B or C, in the box.

(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

(1)

shorter than

The wavelength of infrared waves is the same as the wavelength of radio waves.

longer than

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(d) Mobile phone networks send signals using microwaves. Some people think the energy a person’s head absorbs when using a mobile phone may be harmful to health.

(i) Scientists have compared the health of people who use mobile phones with the health of people who do not use mobile phones.

Which one of the following statements gives a reason why scientists have done this?

Tick ( ) one box.

(1)

To find out if using a mobile phone is harmful to health.

To find out if mobile phones give out radiation.

To find out why some people are healthy.

(ii) The table gives the specific absorption rate (SAR) value for two different mobile phones.

The SAR value is a measure of the maximum energy a person’s head absorbs when a mobile phone is used.

A parent buys mobile phone X for her daughter.

Using the information in the table, suggest why buying mobile phone X was the best choice.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 8 marks)

Mobile Phone SAR value in W/kg

X 0.28

Y 1.35

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Q12. The diagram below shows the range of wavelengths and frequencies for all the types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum.

X-rays, which have frequencies in the range 1018–1021 Hz are already marked on the diagram.

Complete the diagram by adding the following:

(a) gamma radiation, which has shorter wavelengths than X-rays;

(b) radio waves which have wavelengths longer than 0.1m;

(c) the visible spectrum which has wavelengths from 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red);

(d) ultraviolet radiation (i.e. radiation with a higher frequency than violet light);

(e) microwaves which have a shorter wavelength than radio waves and infrared radiation which has a higher frequency than microwaves;

(f) an FM radio programme on 92MHz. (Show this with an arrow →) (Total 7 marks)

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Q13. (a) The diagram below shows six of the seven types of wave that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.

(i) What type of electromagnetic wave is missing from the diagram?

........................................................................................................................ (1)

Gamma rays

Ultraviolet Visible light

Infrared Microwaves Radio waves

(ii) Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the most energy?


(1)

gamma rays radio waves visible light

(iii) Which of the following electromagnetic waves is given out by a TV remote control?


(1)

infrared microwaves ultraviolet

(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.

(1)

a slower speed than

Microwaves travel through a vacuum at the same speed as radio waves.

a faster speed than

(c) The diagram shows waves being produced on a rope. The waves are not reflected by the wall.

(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction in which the waves transfer energy.

(1)

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(ii) Which one of the arrows, labelled, X, Y or Z, shows the amplitude of a wave?

(1)

Write the correct answer in the box.

(iii) The waves produced on the rope are transverse.

Name one other type of transverse wave.

........................................................................................................................ (1)

(d) The rope is shaken up and down, producing 3 waves every second. The waves have a wavelength of 1.2 metres.

(i) State the frequency of the waves.

.............................. Hz (1)

(ii) Calculate the speed of the waves.



........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Wave speed = .................................................. m/s (2)

(Total 10 marks)

Q14. The diagram shows some waves travelling along a rope.

(a) Show on the diagram

(i) the wavelength of one of the waves (2)

(ii) the amplitude of one of the waves (2)

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(b) The waves shown on the diagram were produced in two seconds.

What is the frequency of the waves?

..................................................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q15. A person can see an image of himself in a tall plane mirror.

The diagram shows how the person can see his hat.

(a) Which point, A, B or C, shows the position of the image of his hat?

(1)

Write the correct answer, A, B or C, in the box.

(b) On the diagram, use a ruler to draw a light ray to show how the person can see his shoe. (3)

(c) Which one of the words in the box is used to describe the image formed by a plane mirror?


(1) (Total 5 marks)

imaginary real virtual

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Q16. Diagram 1 shows a longitudinal wave being produced in a stretched spring.

(a) A longitudinal wave has areas of compression and areas of rarefaction.

Mark with the letter C, one area of compression shown in Diagram 1. (1)

(b) Diagram 2 shows the apparatus a teacher uses to demonstrate that sound can be reflected.

(i) Using a ruler, draw on Diagram 2 to show how sound from the loudspeaker is reflected by the sheet of metal to the sound sensor.

(2)

(ii) The teacher replaced the sheet of metal with a sheet of glass.

When he did this, the reading on the sound level meter went down.

Suggest why.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) The teacher changed the output from the loudspeaker to increase the amplitude of the sound wave produced.

What effect, if any, does this increase of amplitude have on the loudness of the sound?


(1)

makes the sound quieter

does not change the loudness of

the sound

makes the sound louder

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(iv) The loudspeaker produces a sound wave at a frequency of 850 Hz. The wavelength of the sound wave is 0.4 m.

Calculate the speed of the sound wave.



...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Speed = ...................................................................... m/s (2)

(c) Music concerts are sometimes performed in sports halls. The concerts can be spoilt because of the sound reflected from the floor and walls.

What word is used to describe a reflected sound?

........................................................................................................................ (1)

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(d) The graph shows how the percentage of sound reflected from the floor and from the walls of a large room can be reduced by carpets and by curtains.

(i) Over which range of frequencies do curtains reduce the percentage of sound reflected the most?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

(1)




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(ii) The manager of a sports hall plans to use the hall for regular music concerts. He has enough money to buy either carpet or curtains, but not both.

To improve the sound an audience hears, it would be better to hang curtains on the walls rather than laying a carpet over the floor.

Use the data in the graph to explain why.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 11 marks)

Q17. (a) A lorry has an air horn. The air horn produces sound waves in the air.

(i) Use one word to complete the following sentence.

Sound waves cause air particles to ................................................................. . (1)

(ii) The air horn produces sound waves at a constant frequency of 420 Hz.

The wavelength of the sound waves is 0.80 m.

Calculate the speed of the sound waves.


...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Speed = .......................................................... m/s (2)

(b) A person standing at the side of the road, as the lorry goes past, hears the sound from the air horn change pitch.

(i) What determines the pitch of a sound?


(1)

amplitude frequency loudness

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(ii) As the lorry moves away from the person, the air horn continues to produce sound waves with a wavelength of 0.80 m.

What is the wavelength of the sound waves the person heard?


(1)

shorter than 0.8 m equal to 0.8 m longer than 0.8 m

(iii) The sound waves the person heard from the moving air horn are different to the sound waves the air horn produced.

What name is given to this effect?


(1) (Total 6 marks)

diffraction Doppler refraction

Q18. The diagram shows a plane mirror used by a dentist to see the back of a patient’s tooth.

(a) Use a ruler to draw a ray of light on the diagram to show how the dentist is able to see the tooth labelled Z.

(3)

(b) Describe the image formed by a plane mirror.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(Total 5 marks)

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Q19. (a) Diagram 1 shows two waves.

Diagram 1

(i) Name one wave quantity that is the same for the two waves.

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Name one wave quantity that is different for the two waves.

............................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) The waves in Diagram 1 are transverse.

Which one of the following types of wave is not a transverse wave?


(1)

gamma rays sound visible light

(b) Diagram 2 shows water waves in a ripple tank moving towards and passing through a gap in a barrier.

Diagram 2

(i) The water waves spread out after passing through the gap in the barrier.

What name is given to the process causing the waves to spread out?

............................................................................................................... (1)

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(ii) Every second, 8 waves pass through the gap in the barrier. The waves have a wavelength of 0.015 metres.

Calculate the speed of the water waves and give the unit.


...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Speed = ...................................................................... (3)

(Total 7 marks)

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M1. (a) (i) A 1

(ii) B 1

(b) 340 allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 850 × 0.4 provided no subsequent step shown

2

metres / second accept m / s

1

(c) higher than 1

shorter than 1

[7]

M2. (a) (i) 440 (sound) waves produced in one second

accept vibrations / oscillations for waves 1

(ii) 0.773 (metres) allow 2 marks for an answer that rounds to 0.773

allow 2 marks for an answer of allow 2 marks for an answer of 0.772 allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 340 = 440 × λ

3

(b) (sound is) louder do not accept the converse

1

as amplitude is larger waves are taller is insufficient

1

higher pitch / frequency 1

as more waves are seen reference to wavelengths alone is insufficient waves are closer together is insufficient

1 [8]

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M3. (a) stop

accept any indication

cannot travel 2

(b) middle box ticked accept a tick next to the statement even if not in the box do not accept two ticks

1

(c) (i) B

highest frequency accept most waves (in box) accept ‘squashed together’ do not accept ‘squashed’ accept ‘close (together)’ accept shortest wavelength

2

(ii) D

largest amplitude accept tallest or highest wave do not accept biggest wave do not accept ‘high’ wave

2 [7]

M4. (a) letter C clearly marking a compression

accept C at any point in a compression if more than one letter C marked all must be correct

1

(b) (i) straight continuous line drawn from loudspeaker to metal to sound sensor judge by eye

1

angle I = angle R judge by eye ignore any arrows on lines

1

(ii) less sound reflected accept energy for sound

or

(some) sound passes through the glass accept (some) sound absorbed by the glass

1

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(iii) makes the sound louder 1

(iv) v = f × λ

340 allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 850 × 0.4 provided no subsequent step shown

2

(c) echo 1

(d) (i) from 250 Hz to 750 Hz 1

(ii) curtains reduce (percentage of) sound reflected more (than carpet) accept curtains absorb more sound (than carpet)

1

for all frequencies (shown) accept for both marks an answer in terms of walls having a larger (surface) area to reflect sound and curtains reducing the amount of reflected sound more (than carpet) answers less noisy or walls / curtains have a larger area gain 1 mark only do not accept curtains are cheaper

1 [11]

M5. (a) normal 1

(b) be halved 1

(c) upright 1

virtual 1

[4]

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M6. (a) higher frequency

general properties / uses are neutral or shorter wavelength

do not accept different frequency / wavelength / energy or greater energy

1

(b) the same (speed) accept they travel at the speed of light

1

(c) pass through / transmitted by the plastic / casing 1

reflected by the metal / plates do not accept bounce / deflected etc for reflected if neither marking point scores an answer reflected (back to boat / from the device) scores 1 mark

1

(d) (i) waves are not reflected from the walls accept microwaves / radar for waves do not accept bounce / deflected etc for reflected

or only waves (reflected) from the device are detected

accept to stop reflected waves affecting results 1

(ii) different types (of device) can be compared fair test is insufficient accept idea that only one variable is then changed

1

(iii) so (measurements / results / scientists) are not biased towards one type / manufacturer of device/s

accept to avoid bias accept so they are not biased

1

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(e) (i) any two from:

if temperature is mentioned rather than angle a maximum of 1 mark can be scored

• (for any angle) A values < B values

or converse eg B values are higher / better / stronger

• A values increase with (increasing) angle

accept weakest at 0° strongest at 15° values go up is insufficient

• B values decrease with (increasing) angle

accept strongest at 0° weakest at 15° values go down is insufficient

• A values do not vary as much (as B values) 2

(ii) D

mark is for the reason reason cannot score if D is not chosen

values are always over 2(.0) 1

[10]

M7. (a) (i) infra red (rays)

accept IR or radio (waves)

do not accept heat waves do not accept TV waves

1

(ii) radio (waves) this answer only

1

(b) frequency 1

(c) (i) answer should be in terms of establishing if harmful or not harmful ie trying to clear up any uncertainty

do not accept answers that assume it is harmful eg Wi-Fi systems will make you ill

need to know if it is harmful / makes you ill accept idea that safety issue may worry people accept idea that (more) research may reassure people accept idea of finding out (the truth)

1

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(ii) an opinion 1

[5]

M8. (a) (i) to compare mobile phone usage between the two groups 1

(ii) enough data to indicate relationships or reduce effect of anomalous data

1

(b) (i) ethical 1

(ii) research may be biased (in favour of companies) 1

negative effects on health may not get published accept negative effects on health may be played down

1

(iii) it allows people to easily identify lower risk phones 1

and this allows people to make a more informed choice accept and this allows a comparison to be made

1 [7]

M9. (a) decreases

correct order only 1

increases 1

(b) absorbed makes the glass warmer is insufficient (energy) is wasted is insufficient

1

(c) (i) intensity (of transmitted light ) depends on thickness or to enable a valid comparison or it is a control variable

accept absorption depends on thickness it would affect the results is insufficient fair test is insufficient

1

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(ii) transmits the least light or absorbs the most light

accept very little light is transmitted do not accept transmits none of the light do not accept absorbs all of the light any reference to heat negates this mark

1 [5]

M10. (a) (i) compare (the health of) mobile phone users with non-mobile phone users

must be an implied comparison between users and non-users any idea of doing an experiment negates the mark

1

(ii) increase the sample size accept use more people accept have a large sample size repeat the research / test is neutral

1

(iii) ethical 1

(b) (i) so the phones can be compared (fairly) a fair test is insufficient accept different tests (may) give different results do not accept to make the results reliable, unless qualified eg all variables are controlled do not accept bias unless qualified

1

(ii) yes all are below the legal limit / 2 (W/kg)

or no and any one from:

• even absorbing a small amount of energy may be harmful accept microwaves for energy accept emits energy absorbed by head / other parts of body

• no proof that small amounts of energy are not harmful accept because the SAR value is not 0 (W/kg)

1

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(c) any one from:

• to get an independent opinion

• company scientists may be biased accept company scientists may manipulate results

1 [6]

M11. (a) (i) (visible) light

accept visible 1

(ii) microwaves 1

(b) J 1

(c) (i) B 1

(ii) shorter than 1

(d) (i) To find out if using a mobile phone is harmful to health 1

(ii) any two from:

• (X has a) low(er) SAR value “it” refers to mobile phone accept has a low(er) rate

• (maximum) energy absorbed (by the head) is less accept energy emitted (by phone) is less accept radiation for energy

• (if mobiles are harmful) less likely to cause harm accept will not cause harm accept it is safer

2 [8]

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M12. (a) gamma rays above x-rays

for 1 mark

(b) upper radio wave boundary correct (10-1m) (± 1mm)

for 1 mark

(c) visible radiation/light

• within the middle third of a wavelength band

• in the correct wavelength range (10-6 – 10-7m)

each for 1 mark

(d) ultraviolet between *visible radiation and X-rays for 1 mark

(e) microwaves above *radio waves and below *infra red (*not necessarily immediately)

for 1 mark

(f) between 108Hz + 107Hz and nearer to 108Hz than to 107Hz

gains 1 mark [7]

M13. (a) (i) X-ray(s) 1

(ii) gamma rays 1

(iii) infrared 1

(b) the same speed as 1

(c) (i) horizontal arrow drawn pointing to the right judge by eye accept drawn anywhere on diagram

1

(ii) Y 1

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(iii) any one from:

• any type of electromagnetic wave accept electromagnetic wave(s)

• water (wave) do not accept seismic waves

• (earthquake / seismic) S waves do not accept P waves do not accept earthquakes

1

(d) (i) 3 1

(ii) 3.6

or

their (d)(i) × 1.2 correctly calculated v = f × λ allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 3 or their (d)(i) × 1.2 provided that no subsequent step is shown

2 [10]

M14. (a) (i) a horizontal distance indicated and labelled

gains 1 mark

but horizontal distance indicated between identical points on adjacent waves (to within 3-4mm) and labelled

gains 2 marks 2

(ii) peak ↔ trough indicated* gains 1 mark

but peak / trough ↔ mean indicated*

(* to within 1-2mm either end) gains 2 marks (allow 1 mark if both lines unlabelled or 2 marks if both lines accurately drawn and unlabelled)

2

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(b) • 1.5

• hertz / Hz or (waves / cycles) per second

for 1 mark each (do not allow wavelength / hertz per second)

2 [6]

M15. (a) C 1

(b) reflection at the mirror of ray from shoe to person’s eye may be drawn freehand

1

angle of incidence = angle of reflection judged by eye a ruler must have been used

1

arrow to show correct direction on either incident or reflected ray only one arrow needed but if more drawn must be no contradiction both incident and reflected ray must be shown

1

(c) virtual 1

[5]

M16. (a) letter C clearly marking a compression

accept C at any point in a compression if more than one letter C marked all must be correct

1

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(b) (i) straight continuous line drawn from loudspeaker to metal to sound sensor judge by eye

1

angle I = angle R judge by eye ignore any arrows on lines

1

(ii) less sound reflected accept energy for sound

or

(some) sound passes through the glass accept (some) sound absorbed by the glass

1

(iii) makes the sound louder 1

(iv) v = f × λ

340 allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 850 × 0.4 provided no subsequent step shown

2

(c) echo 1

(d) (i) from 250 Hz to 750 Hz 1

(ii) curtains reduce (percentage of) sound reflected more (than carpet) accept curtains absorb more sound (than carpet)

1

for all frequencies (shown) accept for both marks an answer in terms of walls having a larger (surface) area to reflect sound and curtains reducing the amount of reflected sound more (than carpet) answers less noisy or walls / curtains have a larger area gain 1 mark only do not accept curtains are cheaper

1 [11]

M17. (a) (i) vibrate / oscillate

accept a correct description move is insufficient

1

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(ii) 336 allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 420 × 0.8(0) provided no subsequent step shown

2

(b) (i) frequency 1

(ii) longer than 0.8m 1

(iii) Doppler 1

[6]

M18. (a) ray drawn from tooth to mirror to eye 1

angle I = angle R judged by eye

1

at least one arrow in correct direction do not credit conflicting arrows

1

if no ruler used maximum mark is 2

(b) virtual 1

upright 1

[5]

M19. (a) (i) wavelength

accept frequency accept speed

1

(ii) amplitude accept energy height is insufficient

1

(iii) sound 1

(b) (i) diffraction accept diffract a description is insufficient

1

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(ii) 0.12 allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 8 × 0.015 provided no subsequent step shown

2

metre per second or m/s or metre/second

do not accept mps units must be consistent with numerical answers

1 [7]

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