2

Sensor Nodes

• basic part of a sensor network• components

– low-power processor– limited memory– array of sensors (magnetometer, accelerometer, radar,

infrared sensor, microphone, etc.)– radio transmitter– power source (battery)

• main constraint – low power– other constraints – memory, slow processor

• other characteristics – not mobile, programmable, ad hoc netowork

3

Prototype Networked Sensor (Mote)

• 4Mhz, 8bit MCU

• 512 bytes RAM, 8K ROM

• 900Mhz Radio

10-30 ft. range

• light and other sensors

• ADC

• LED outputs

• serial Port

4

Other Sensor Exampls

LWIM III

UCLA, 1996

Geophone, RFM

radio, PIC, star

network

AWAIRS I

UCLA/RSC 1998

Geophone, DS/SS

Radio, strongARM,

Multi-hop networks

Sensor Mote

UCB, 2000

RFM radio,

Atmel

Medusa, MK-2

UCLA NESL

2002

Predecessors in• DARPA Packet Radio program• USC-ISI Distributed Sensor Network Project (DSN)

5

Embedded Networked Sensing Potential

• Micro-sensors, on-board processing, wireless interfaces feasible at very small scale--can monitor phenomena “up close”

• Enables spatially and temporally dense environmental monitoring

Embedded Networked Sensing will reveal previously unobservable phenomena

Contaminant TransportEcosystems, Biocomplexity

Marine Microorganisms Seismic Structure Response