1. introduction to first aid
TRANSCRIPT
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 1/17
Introduction to First Aid
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 2/17
First Aid is «The immediate care given to anacutely injured or ill person.
The temporary assistance given untilcompetent, professional care arrives.Most first aid is common sense.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 3/17
The Aim of Giving First AidPreserve lifeProtect the unconscious
Prevent a casualty¶s condition frombecoming worsePromote the recovery of a casualty.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 4/17
Principles of First AidApproach to the incident
Consider one¶s own safety
Avoid panic; have a calm, reassuringmanner
Assessing the clientEach casualty must be assessedFirst check for casualties with severeinjuries, and attend to them first.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 5/17
Principles of First Aid cont«Priorities
A . A irway: Is it open? Minimize neck movement asmuch as possible; apply cervical collar if available.
B . B reathing: Look, listen, feel.C . C irculation: Is there a carotid pulse? Is there severe
bleeding?D . D isability: Is there injury to the nervous and
musculoskeletal systems? Stabilize ³C´-spine.E . E xposure: Remove victim from offending
environment. If necessary, place tent over victim.If the above mentioned are alright, other needs can be
attended to slowly.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 6/17
Principles of First Aid cont«Spinal Injuries
If a spinal injury is suspected, thecasualty should not be moved tillprofessional help arrives.Checking of airway or bleeding should bedone frequently.
Unconscious casualtiesShould be kept in the recovery position.Maintain an open airway.Assess the pulse and respiration.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 7/17
Principles of First Aid cont«Clothes and protective clothing
Removal of clothes may be necessary
While removing protective clothing suchas helmets, head and neck should besupported.Clothes that are not easily removable
can be slit openClothes covering an injured part shouldnever be tugged at repeatedly.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 8/17
Principles of First Aid cont«Further information
Once stabilized, check pockets,
handbags, or luggage for information of an unconscious patient (best if witnesspresent).Look for information cards indicating
special conditions such as diabetes oruse of steroids.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 9/17
Principles of First Aid cont«Reassurance
Do no harm
Reassure the casualty that he/she issafe.
R ecovery Position
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 10/17
Examining the Casualty1. Airway
Presence of noisy breathing indicates
fully/partially obstructed airway.2. Breathing
Look for chest expansionCheck the rate of breathing (adult 12-20, babies 30-40)Check for abnormal odor of breath
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 11/17
Examining the Casualty cont«3. Circulation
Check pulse rate and rhythmPulse rate may be high if shock or painis present.
4. Skin colorC yanosis may indicate asphyxia/airwayobstructionIf cyanosis is present, check and removeany foreign objects obstructing theairway.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 12/17
Examining the Casualty cont«5. Bleeding from ear or nose
Leakage of clear or straw colored fluid
indicates fractured skull6. PupilsCheck the reaction (become small onexposure to light)
7. ScalpFeel the scalp through hair forlacerations
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 13/17
Examining the Casualty cont«8. Contour of the cervical spine
See if it¶s smoothCheck for presence of pain or tenderness inthe neckIf neck injury is suspected, apply a cervicalcollar.In emergencies, cervical
collars can be madeby rolling up somepapers.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 14/17
Examining the Casualty cont«9. Chest and the spine
Chest movements
Penetrating injuriesIf spine is injured and moving isessential, move the casual in ³one piece´
10. PelvisTenderness when applying pressureindicates fracture
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 15/17
Examining the Casualty cont«11. Abdomen
WoundsBruising
12. LimbsSwellingDeformity
BleedingBleeding into joints cause swelling andsevere pain
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 16/17
Examining the Casualty cont«13. LOC
a. Eye openingb. Purposeful movementc. Spoken responsein response to speech, touch or pain (pinching the
skin)If spinal injury is present, touch or pinchingmay not be felt under the level of injury, thoughpt is conscious.First, touch/pinch on the leg, and if there is noresponse, move upward.
8/7/2019 1. Introduction to First Aid
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-first-aid 17/17
Examining the Casualty cont«14 . Write down all the observations
made on a paper with the times
of observation.