1. how did you feel about the act science portion? 2. did doing practice questions help? (not did...
TRANSCRIPT
Survey
1. How did you feel about the ACT science portion?
2. Did doing practice questions help? (not did you like doing them, but did it help)
3. What could we have done to better prepare you?
4. Any other comments about the ACT science portion? You can vent (briefly) if you like
MacroevolutionBig Changes
Macroevolution
Is concerned without how new taxonomic groups came to be
I.e. how did mammals evolve from ancestral reptiles
The Taxonomic Groups
DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
Human Taxonomy
DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
EukaryaAnimaliaChordataMammaliaPrimateHominidaeHomoSapiens
Pneumonic Device
Dude Kings▪ Play▪ChessOnFancyGoldSets
Microevolution Macroevolution
Usually a population gets separated Different populations encounter
different environments and accumulate different traits
When they are so different they can’t reproduce- they are considered a new species
Different Species…
Cannot naturally reproduce with each other
Is a byproduct of changing DNA
Pre-Zygotic Barriers to Mating
Live in different habitats
Mate at different times
Different mating behaviors
Different equipment
Sperm and egg don’t fuse
Post-Zygotic
The offspring fail to survive
The offspring are sterile i.e. mules
So in the long run the genes of the two populations don’t mix
How do we make the trees?
We look for anatomical similarities
Similarities in the amino acids in their proteins
Similarities in DNA sequence
Similarities in behavior
Similarities in development
Similarities to fossil record
A few notes
There are a LOT of species Phylogenetic trees get really, really
complicated and extremely detailed
Usually
The top means modern-day speciesAs you go lower you have the
ancestors of that speciesBranching means the populations
split into two different groupsThe more recently the groups
branched, the more closely relatedThe higher on the tree you group
things, the more specific the group
ExampleFelis
Catus
Felis
Example 2
Example 3 - Dinosaurs
Patterns of Macroevolution
Divergent evolutionAdaptive Radiation
Co-evolutionConvergent evolution
Divergent Evolution
Two populations evolve to look very different, despite being related
i.e. whales and hippos are closely related- but look very different
Have homologous structures
Adaptive Radiation
When many species evolve from a single ancestor
I.e. all primates, all mammals etc.
Co-Evolution
Evolution of one species affects the other
i.e. birds and flowers, predators and prey
Convergent Evolution
2 different species evolve to become more similar
i.e. birds and bats, dolphins and fish etc.
Leads to analogous characteristics
As a Class We Will Make Our Own Phylogenetic Tree
Each group will cover a major branch on the Tree of Life
Identify the unique features of that group, anything important or interesting about them, and examples of members.
Present them to the classYou will be quizzed on the main
points on all of the groups