1 © hermann koller sustainable and efficient packaging waste management - experiences from austria...

1 © Hermann Koller

Sustainable and efficient Packaging Waste Management - Experiences from Austria

Budapest, 24 February 2009

2 © Hermann Koller

Contents

1. Legal Requirements

2. Political Considerations

3. Operation of the System

4. Results and Experiences

Confidentiality Clause:This document including an oral presentation is exclusively intended for a certain addressee. Underlying analytical data and oral explanations may have to be added to the document in order for the latter to be regarded as complete. Any disclosure of the information it contains to third parties, in any form whatsoever, even in an extracted form, shall only be permissible upon prior written consent of the author. The author assumes liability for the correctness and completeness of information only in compliance with a relevant contractual relationship.

3 © Hermann Koller

Austria: Facts & Figures

Capital: Vienna

Area: 84,000 km²

Population: 8.2 mio.

GNP 20061): 257.9 billion €

GNP per inhabitant1): 31,140 €

Household waste (MSW)2): 3.4 mio. tons 27.5 mio. m³

Packaging waste3): 1.1 mio. tons app. 135 kg/cap*a

1) per July 2007; Statistics Austria2) Federal Environment Agency, 20063) Federal Ministry of Environment, 2006

4 © Hermann Koller

Different Targets and Quotas are set

– Minimum recycling quotas for companies not participating in an authorized collection and recyovery scheme (set in the Packaging Ordinance)

– National recycling quotas (set in the Packaging Ordinance)

– Recycling quotas for authorized collection and recovery schemes (set by the Ministry of Environment)


5 © Hermann Koller

Collection/Material Recycling 2007

40

65

9595

8080

35*

15

95959585

65

84

15

96

15

30

8075

65

16

34

8384

65

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Paper Glass Plastics Compounds Metals Packaging on a biol.Basis

Wood Lightw eightpackaging and

Metals

Collection quota set Collection quota reached

Material recycling quota set Material recycling quota reached

* Goal for material recycling quota for plastics, compounds, wood, textiles and ceramics, packaging on a biological basis and metals: > 35 %

Household system: quota set/reached, in %


6 © Hermann Koller

Collection/Material Recycling 2007

65

50

8590

40*

65

86

96

15

104

46

65

15

65

85

24

65

15

70

104

0

25

50

75

100

125

Paper Plastics Compounds Metals Wood Lightw eight packaging &Metals

Collection quota set Collection quota reached

Material recycling quota set Material recycling quota reached

* Goal for material recycling quota for plastics, compounds, wood, textiles, ceramics and metals: > 40 %

Industrial/commercial system: quota set/reached, in %


7 © Hermann Koller

No ecological reasons to implement deposit system in Austria

● EU directive and the national packaging ordinance have been implemented successfully

● Only 5.8% of littering are packaging, and only 0.45% of littering are beverage packaging

● Vienna has Europe-wide the most insignificant share of littering waste

● Return rate in Austria is nearly 90% without deposit (this is more than in countries with deposit)

● Existence of enough and appropriate capacities for recycling of metals and plastics

The situation in Austria


8 © Hermann Koller

No reasons to implement a deposit system in Austria from economic point of view

A deposit system established parallel to an existing dual system,

causes high cost for establishing and running the system

leads to an additional separate mass stream via supply chains without any cost saving on the dual system

causes confusion among consumers and leads to complicated separate collection

some cans and bottles may disappear from the landscape, but measures against littering have to be taken anyway.


9 © Hermann Koller

The Sustainability Agenda as the Austrian Approach

The Austrian Industry and Politics have agreed to reach the following goals:

– Recycling of PET beverage packaging at an amount of minimum 50%

– Bottle-to-Bottle recycling for PET (2007: 6,000 tons)

– 30% share of recycling materials in cycle PET bottles

– Beer mainly in refillable bottles

– 80% quota for refill or recycling of beverage packaging

– Continuos consumer information concerning refillable products

– Support the use of returnable systems at big events

– Preparation of annual implementation report


10 © Hermann Koller

Comprehensive range of bins for separate collection are available for households

Household Waste Household waste

General Waste Collection Other waste MSW Packaging waste

All WasteTypes

Sorting/Recovery

Sor

ting/

Tre

atm

ent/

Inci

nera

tion

Land

fill

Com

post

ing

Sor

ting/

Tre

atm

ent/

Rec

over

y

Inci

nera

tion/

Land

fill

Bio

Haz

ardo

us

Bul

ky

Res

idua

lw

aste

Pla

stic

s

Met

als

Pap

er

Whi

teG

lass

Col

oure

dG

lass



Sorting Plants for lightweight packaging and metal packaging

Al packetised

MSW

Fe packetised

Metal sorting

MSW

Fe shreddered Al shreddered

Shredder

Legend:

Magnet

Eddy current separator

Shredder

Mixed plastic fraction

Fe -> ShredderLDPE foils

HDPE buckets

MSW

Lightweight Packaging

PET

PET HDPE

PS/PP

Metal packaging only

Lightweight packaging output fractions in bales

Metal output fractions

Input Collection



New fractions for the separate collection

Lightweight packaging

Metal packaging Plastic bottles and metal packaging

Plastic bottles

Option 1

Option 2(mixed collection)



New plastic-sorting-plant in Vienna: fully automated sorting of plastic-bottles

Sorting capacity: up to 4 tons per hour

Fully automated sorting via near infrared sensors and compressed air valves



New Bottle to Bottle Recycling Plant



Marketable Products



Landfilled packaging waste quantities dropped down: 1990/91, 1994, 1998, 2001, 2004

1) “Ordinance on targets“: Ordinance establishing targets for the prevention and recycling of waste from drinks packaging and other packaging materials

Note: I= Range for actual landfilled volumes

Sources: Prognos AG, 1995; Austrian Ministry of Environment, 1998; Amendment of “ordinance on targets”, 2000; FHAnalytik GmbH, 2002;FHAnalytik and TB Hauer, 2006

0,000

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

220,000

240,000

260,000

Glass Plastics Paper, board Metals Composites

1990/91 1994 1998 (from - to) 2001 (from - to) 2004 (from - to)

Non-beverage packaging, in tons per year

Residual quantities per 2001according to amendment of

"ordinance on targets"1)

Reduction of packaging volume in MSW resp. on landfills:from 695,000 t (1991)to 42,300 t (2004)

= minus 94 %



Separate collection reduces CO2 emissions

No separate packaging collection: Collection, transport, waste treatment (scenario Austria 1998: mainly landfilling), energy production (substitution of energy recovery of packaging), primary production of raw materials

Separate packaging collection via ARA System: Collection, sorting, transport, recycling, recovery, energy production (substitution of energy recovery of MSW)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Wood Glass Paper Plastics Compounds Metals Total

[kg

CO

2 eq

uiv

alen

ts /

t p

acka

gin

g]

Savings:

1,659

Savings:

297

Savings:

1,158

Savings:

980

Increase: 30

Savings:

1.239 Total Savings:

894 kg CO2 equiv / t or607,177 t CO2 equiv / a

Total CO2 emissions Austria 2005: 93.3 Million t

Savings of greenhouse gas emissions



Official Packaging Waste Data for Austria

Source: Eurostat, Environmental Data Centre on Waste (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=3155,70491033,3155_70521316&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL#end)


AustriaPackaging waste data for 2006, in tonnes

Material recycling

Other forms of recycling

Total recycling

Energy recovery

Other forms of recovery

Incineration at waste

incineration plants with

energy recovery

Total recovery and incineration

at waste incineration plants with

energy recovery

(a) (b) (c) (d) = (b) + (c) (e) (f) (g) (h) = (d)+(e)+(f)+(g) = (d) / (a) = (h) / (a)

231.645 195.801 0 195.801 0 0 0 195.801 84,5 84,5238.134 85.173 0 85.173 55.897 0 74.925 215.995 35,8 90,7523.206 455.056 0 455.056 0 0 42.651 497.707 87,0 95,1

Total 63.598 37.888 0 37.888 0 0 0 37.888 59,6 59,6Aluminium

Steel77.082 12.348 709 13.057 5.811 0 22.102 40.970 16,9 53,232.687 10.582 0 10.582 10.875 0 10.376 31.833 32,4 97,4

1.166.352 796.848 709 797.557 72.583 0 150.054 1.020.194 68,4 87,5

Material

Glass

Paper and board Plastic

Table 1: Quantities of packaging waste generated in the Member State and recovered or incinerated at waste incineration

Packaging waste

generated

Recovered or incinerated at waste incineration plants with energy recovery by

Recycling rate (%)

Rate of recovery or incineration

at waste incineration plants with

energy recovery

Metals

WoodOtherTotal


Comparison Recovery Targets in EU Countries

Austria

Source: Eurostat, Environmental Data Centre on Waste



Efficient Recovery Schemes Show Best Results

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Recovery Rate Total in % Recycling Rate Total in %

Finland

Sweden

Germany

Austria

Belgium

in %

Source: Eurostat, Environmental Data Centre on Waste


Since 1993 ...

Collection and recovery of approx. 10 million tons of packaging – that corresponds to approx. 36 medium-sized landfills

All quotas set by the Austrian Packaging Ordinance, the EU Directive and the Ministry of Environment have been reached

90 % of the Austrians are convinced of separate waste collection and try to collect packaging separately.


1 © hermann koller sustainable and efficient packaging waste management - experiences from austria...

Documents

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