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Classification

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MRS C GRENLiving organisms are able to

perform all of MRS C GREN and non living cannot.

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MRSCGREN

= movement= reproduction= sensing= circulation= growth= respiration= excretion= nutrition

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Movement is action carried out by a living organism e.g. a flower opening or a horse walking

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Reproduction is the ability of living organisms to make offspring which are similar to the parents

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Sensing is the detection and response to changes in the environment

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Circulation is the movement of substances (food, gases, waste) within an organism

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Growth is change in an organism over time

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Respiration is the use of energy from food molecules

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Excretion is the removal of waste produced by the organism

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Nutrition is making or getting food inside an organism

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Differences between

plants and animals

• Animals- Are usually mobile and able to

move limbs quickly- Obtain energy by eating other

organisms

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• Have a nervous system and brain

• Have well developed sense organs

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• Plants- Usually fixed or

floating, can move some parts slowly

- Make their own food using light

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• Have no nervous system or brain

• Have no special sense organs

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Grouping living thingsThere are trillions of living

organisms on Earth.

They are sorted into smaller groups called species. The organisms in a species have common structures and behaviours and can breed together to make fertile offspring.

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• Dogs of different breeds look very different but they can all mate and produce fertile puppies. All dogs belong to one species.

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• Horses and donkeys look and behave similarly and they can mate to produce offspring called mules. Mules are infertile therefore horses and donkeys are different species.

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So far scientists have identified about two million species. This is still a large number so closely related species are grouped into a genus.

Similar genera are grouped into a family.

Similar families are grouped into an order.

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Similar orders are grouped into a class.

Similar classes are grouped into a phylum.

And similar phyla are grouped into kingdoms.

There are five living kingdoms.

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The Five Living Kingdoms

Plants

Animals

FungiMonera

Protista

All livingorganisms

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The Five Living Kingdoms

• Animal Kingdom

• Plant Kingdom

• Fungi Kingdom

• Protista Kingdom

• Monera Kingdom

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Animal Kingdom

• Multicellular with a nucleus

• Moving bodies and parts

• Eat other organisms for food

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Animal Kingdom

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Plant Kingdom

• Multicellular with a nucleus

• Immobile but have moving parts

• Make their own food

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Fungi Kingdom• Multicellular

with a nucleus

• Immobile

• Eat other organisms for food (external digestion)

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Protista Kingdom• Single celled

organisms with a nucleus

• Mobile

• Some eat other cells

• Some make own food (algae)

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Monera Kingdom (Bacteria)

• Single celled with no nucleus

• Some are mobile

• Have a range of different feeding methods

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Binomial naming system

Every species is given a unique species name to avoid confusion. This name has two parts and is given in Latin.

For example, pine trees are named Pinus radiata and people are called Homo sapiens

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Find out the common name of these NZ organisms

• Diomeda epomophora = Royal Albatross

• Agathis australis = Kauri

• Ninox novaeseelandiae = Morepork

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Find out the common name of these NZ organisms

• Cordyline australis = Cabbage Tree (Ti Kouka)

• Podocarpus totara = Totara

• Apteryx australis = Brown Kiwi

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Dichotomous keyKeys are used to identify

unknown objects or put them into groups.

A dichotomous key has a series of questions which have two alternative answers.

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They can take up a lot of room!

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A dichotomous key to identify a duck, a hen, a lizard and a snake

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Classifying animals

All animals

Animals with backbones

Animals without backbones

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Write the group to which each animal belongs.

           

                 

           

          

      

               

                      

Sample Dichotomous KeyI. Body covering     A. not covered with hair or feathers - go to II     B. covered with hair or feathers - go to IIIII.  Skin Texture     A. smooth - Amphibian     B.  scaly - ReptileIII. Skin Features     A. covered with feathers - Aves      B. covered with hair - Mammal

Mammal Amphibian Reptile Aves

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Construct a dichotomous key

Construct your own dichotomous key to classify the contents of your pencil

case.

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Dichotomous key for stationery1a. Item made of at least some metal???????.go to 2

1b. Item does not contain any metal??...............??go to 6 

2a. Item used as writing instrument?????..??go to 32b. Item not used as writing instrument????...?..go to 4

  3a. Item writes with ink?????...............????ballpoint pen

3b. Item writes with carbon?????..?...............?pencil 

4a. Item has sharp cutting edge?????...............?scissors4b. Item does not have a sharp, cutting edge?..............go to 5

  5a. Item has a sharp, pointed end???............???thumb tack

5b. Item does not have a sharp, pointed end??.....?..paper clip 

6a. Item is hard?????..........????????.go to 76b. Item is not hard ?????..........??????..rubber band

  7a. Item is numbered in equal divisions???.....??ruler

7b. Item not numbered in equal divisions??..........?go to 8 

8a. Item can write on paper????..............???..pencil8b. Item can't write on paper???........................?..go to 9

  9a. Item has a sticky, central core?????....??..glue stick

9b. Item does not have a sticky, central core?.......?..eraser