1. calculate the mean for the following distribution
TRANSCRIPT
RD Sharma Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Statistics
1. Calculate the mean for the following distribution:
x: 5 6 7 8 9
f: 4 8 14 11 3
Solution:
x f fx
5 4 20
6 8 48
7 14 98
8 11 88
9 3 27
N = 40 Σ fx = 281
Mean = Σ fx/ N = 281/40
∴ Mean = 7.025
2. Find the mean of the following data:
x: 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
f: 13 15 16 18 16 15 13
Solution:
x f fx
19 13 247
21 15 315
23 16 368
25 18 450
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27 16 432
29 15 435
31 13 403
N = 106 Σ fx = 2620
Mean = Σ fx/ N = 2620/106
∴ Mean = 25
3. If the mean of the following data is 20.6. Find the value of p.
x: 10 15 p 25 35
f: 3 10 25 7 5
Solution:
x f fx
10 3 30
15 10 150
p 25 25p
25 7 175
35 5 175
N = 50 Σ fx = 530 + 25p
We know that,
Mean = Σ fx/ N = (2620 + 25p)/ 50
Given,
Mean = 20.6
⇒ 20.6 = (530 + 25p)/ 50
(20.6 x 50) – 530 = 25p
p = 500/ 25
∴ p = 20
4. If the mean of the following data is 15, find p.
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x: 5 10 15 20 25
f: 6 p 6 10 5
Solution:
x f fx
5 6 30
10 p 10p
15 6 90
20 10 200
25 5 125
N = p + 27 Σ fx = 445 + 10p
We know that,
Mean = Σ fx/ N = (445 + 10p)/ (p + 27)
Given,
Mean = 15
⇒ 15 = (445 + 10p)/ (p + 27)
15p + 405 = 445 + 10p
5p = 40
∴ p = 8
5. Find the value of p for the following distribution whose mean is 16.6
x: 8 12 15 p 20 25 30
f: 12 16 20 24 16 8 4
Solution:
x f fx
8 12 96
12 16 192
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15 20 300
P 24 24p
20 16 320
25 8 200
30 4 120
N = 100 Σ fx = 1228 + 24p
We know that,
Mean = Σ fx/ N = (1228 + 24p)/ 100
Given,
Mean = 16.6
⇒ 16.6 = (1228 + 24p)/ 100
1660 = 1228 + 24p
24p = 432
∴ p = 18
6. Find the missing value of p for the following distribution whose mean is 12.58
x: 5 8 10 12 p 20 25
f: 2 5 8 22 7 4 2
Solution:
x f fx
5 2 10
8 5 40
10 8 80
12 22 264
P 7 7p
20 4 80
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25 2 50
N = 50 Σ fx = 524 + 7p
We know that,
Mean = Σ fx/ N = (524 + 7p)/ 50
Given,
Mean = 12.58
⇒ 12.58 = (524 + 7p)/ 50
629 = 524 + 7p
7p = 629 – 524 = 105
∴ p = 15
7. Find the missing frequency (p) for the following distribution whose mean is 7.68
x: 3 5 7 9 11 13
f: 6 8 15 p 8 4
Solution:
x f fx
3 6 18
5 8 40
7 15 105
9 p 9p
11 8 88
13 4 52
N = 41 + p Σ fx = 303 + 9p
We know that,
Mean = Σ fx/ N = (303 + 9p)/ (41 + p)
Given,
Mean = 7.68
⇒ 7.68 = (303 + 9p)/ (41 + p)
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7.68(41 + p) = 303 + 9p
7.68p + 314.88 = 303 + 9p
1.32p = 11.88
∴ p = 11.88/1.32 = 9
1. The number of telephone calls received at an exchange per interval for 250 successive one- minute intervals are given in the following frequency table:
No. of calls (x): 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
No. of intervals (f): 15 24 29 46 54 43 39
Compute the mean number of calls per interval.
Solution:
Let the assumed mean(A) = 3
No. of calls xi No. of intervals fi ui = xi – A = xi – 3 fi ui
0 15 -3 -45
1 24 -2 -48
2 29 -1 -29
3 46 0 0
4 54 1 54
5 43 2 86
6 39 3 117
N = 250 Σ fixi = 135
Mean number of calls = A + Σ fixi / N
= 3 + 135/250
= (750 + 135)/ 250 = 885/ 250
= 3.54
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2. Five coins were simultaneously tossed 1000 times, and at each toss the number of heads was observed. The number of tosses during which 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 heads were obtained are shown in the table below. Find the mean number of heads per toss.
No. of heads per toss (x): 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of tosses (f): 38 144 342 287 164 25
Solution:
Let the assumed mean(A) = 2
No. of heads per toss xi No of intervals fi ui = xi – A = xi – 2 fi ui
0 38 -2 -76
1 144 -1 -144
2 342 0 0
3 287 1 287
4 164 2 328
5 25 3 75
N = 1000 Σ fixi = 470
Mean number of heads per toss = A + Σ fixi / N
= 2 + 470/1000
= 2 + 0.470
= 2.470
3. The following table gives the number of branches and number of plants in the garden of a school.
No of branches (x): 2 3 4 5 6
No of plants (f): 49 43 57 38 13
Calculate the average number of branches per plant.
Solution:
Let the assumed mean (A) = 4
No of branches xi No of plants fi ui = xi − A = xi − 4 fi ui
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2 49 -2 -98
3 43 -1 -43
4 57 0 0
5 38 1 38
6 13 2 26
N = 200 Σ fixi = -77
Average number of branches per plant = A + Σ fixi / N = 4 + (-77/200)
= 4 -77/200
= (800 -77)/200
= 3.615
4. The following table gives the number of children of 150 families in a village
No of children (x): 0 1 2 3 4 5
No of families (f): 10 21 55 42 15 7
Find the average number of children per family.
Solution:
Let the assumed mean (A) = 2
No of children xi No of families fi ui = xi − A = xi − 2 fi ui
0 10 -2 -20
1 21 -1 -21
2 55 0 0
3 42 1 42
4 15 2 30
5 7 3 21
N = 150 Σ fixi = 52
Average number of children for family = A + Σ fixi / N = 2 + 52/150
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= (300 +52)/150
= 352/150
= 2.35 (corrected to neat decimal)
1. The following table gives the distribution of total household expenditure (in rupees) of manual workers in a city.
Expenditure (in rupees) (x) Frequency (fi) Expenditure (in rupees) (xi) Frequency (fi)
100 – 150 24 300 – 350 30
150 – 200 40 350 – 400 22
200 – 250 33 400 – 450 16
250 – 300 28 450 – 500 7
Find the average expenditure (in rupees) per household.
Solution:
Let the assumed mean (A) = 275
Class interval Mid value (xi) di = xi – 275 ui = (xi – 275)/50 Frequency fi fiui
100 – 150 125 -150 -3 24 -72
150 – 200 175 -100 -2 40 -80
200 – 250 225 -50 -1 33 -33
250 – 300 275 0 0 28 0
300 – 350 325 50 1 30 30
350 – 400 375 100 2 22 44
400 – 450 425 150 3 16 48
450 – 500 475 200 4 7 28
N = 200 Σ fiui = -35
It’s seen that A = 275 and h = 50
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So,
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 275 + 50 (-35/200)
= 275 – 8.75
= 266.25
2. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environmental awareness program, in which they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 200 houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants per house.
Number of plants: 0 – 2 2 – 4 4 – 6 6 – 8 8 – 10 10 – 12 12 – 14
Number of house: 1 2 1 5 6 2 3
Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why?
Solution:
From the given data,
To find the class interval we know that,
Class marks (xi) = (upper class limit + lower class limit)/2
Now, let’s compute xi and fixi by the following
Number of plants Number of house (fi) xi fixi
0 – 2 1 1 1
2 – 4 2 3 6
4 – 6 1 5 5
6 – 8 5 7 35
8 – 10 6 9 54
10 – 12 2 11 22
12 – 14 3 13 39
Total N = 20 Σ fiui = 162
Here,
Mean = Σ fiui / N
= 162/ 20
= 8.1
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Thus, the mean number of plants in a house is 8.1
We have used the direct method as the values of class mark xi and fi is very small.
3. Consider the following distribution of daily wages of workers of a factory
Daily wages (in ₹) 100 – 120 120 – 140 140 – 160 160 – 180 180 – 200
Number of workers: 12 14 8 6 10
Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.
Solution:
Let the assume mean (A) = 150
Class interval Mid value xi di = xi – 150 ui = (xi – 150)/20 Frequency fi fiui
100 – 120 110 -40 -2 12 -24
120 – 140 130 -20 -1 14 -14
140 – 160 150 0 0 8 0
160 – 180 170 20 1 6 6
180 – 200 190 40 2 10 20
N= 50 Σ fiui = -12
It’s seen that,
A = 150 and h = 20
So,
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 150 + 20 x (-12/50)
= 150 – 24/5
= 150 = 4.8
= 145.20
4. Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heart beats per minute recorded and summarized as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women, choosing a suitable method.
Number of heart beats per minute:
65 – 68
68 – 71
71 – 74
74 – 77
77 – 80
80 – 83
83 – 86
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Number of women: 2 4 3 8 7 4 2
Solution:
Using the relation (xi) = (upper class limit + lower class limit)/ 2
And, class size of this data = 3
Let the assumed mean (A) = 75.5
So, let’s calculate di, ui, fiui as following:
Number of heart beats per minute
Number of women (fi)
xi di = xi – 75.5
ui = (xi – 755)/h
fiui
65 – 68 2 66.5 -9 -3 -6
68 – 71 4 69.5 -6 -2 -8
71 – 74 3 72.5 -3 -1 -3
74 – 77 8 75.5 0 0 0
77 – 80 7 78.5 3 1 7
80 – 83 4 81.5 6 2 8
83 – 86 2 84.5 9 3 6
N = 30 Σ fiui = 4
From table, it’s seen that
N = 30 and h = 3
So, the mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 75.5 + 3 x (4/30
= 75.5 + 2/5
= 75.9
Therefore, the mean heart beats per minute for those women are 75.9 beats per minute.
Find the mean of each of the following frequency distributions: (5 – 14)
5.
Class interval: 0 – 6 6 – 12 12 – 18 18 – 24 24 – 30
Frequency: 6 8 10 9 7
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Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 15
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 15 ui = (xi – 15)/6 fi fiui
0 – 6 3 -12 -2 6 -12
6 – 12 9 -6 -1 8 -8
12 – 18 15 0 0 10 0
18 – 24 21 6 1 9 9
24 – 30 27 12 2 7 14
N = 40 Σ fiui = 3
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 15 and h = 6
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 15 + 6 x (3/40)
= 15 + 0.45
= 15.45
6.
Class interval: 50 – 70 70 – 90 90 – 110 110 – 130 130 – 150 150 – 170
Frequency: 18 12 13 27 8 22
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 100
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 100 ui = (xi – 100)/20 fi fiui
50 – 70 60 -40 -2 18 -36
70 – 90 80 -20 -1 12 -12
90 – 110 100 0 0 13 0
110 – 130 120 20 1 27 27
130 – 150 140 40 2 8 16
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150 – 170 160 60 3 22 66
N= 100 Σ fiui = 61
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 100 and h = 20
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 100 + 20 x (61/100)
= 100 + 12.2
= 112.2
7.
Class interval: 0 – 8 8 – 16 16 – 24 24 – 32 32 – 40
Frequency: 6 7 10 8 9
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 20
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 20 ui = (xi – 20)/8 fi fiui
0 – 8 4 -16 -2 6 -12
8 – 16 12 -8 -1 7 -7
16 – 24 20 0 0 10 0
24 – 32 28 8 1 8 8
32 – 40 36 16 2 9 18
N = 40 Σ fiui = 7
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 20 and h = 8
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 20 + 8 x (7/40)
= 20 + 1.4
= 21.4
8.
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Class interval: 0 – 6 6 – 12 12 – 18 18 – 24 24 – 30
Frequency: 7 5 10 12 6
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 15
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 15 ui = (xi – 15)/6 fi fiui
0 – 6 3 -12 -2 7 -14
6 – 12 9 -6 -1 5 -5
12 – 18 15 0 0 10 0
18 – 24 21 6 1 12 12
24 – 30 27 12 2 6 12
N = 40 Σ fiui = 5
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 15 and h = 6
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 15 + 6 x (5/40)
= 15 + 0.75
= 15.75
9.
Class interval: 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
Frequency: 9 12 15 10 14
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 25
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 25 ui = (xi – 25)/10 fi fiui
0 – 10 5 -20 -2 9 -18
10 – 20 15 -10 -1 12 -12
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20 – 30 25 0 0 15 0
30 – 40 35 10 1 10 10
40 – 50 45 20 2 14 28
N = 60 Σ fiui = 8
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 25 and h = 10
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 25 + 10 x (8/60)
= 25 + 4/3
= 79/3 = 26.333
10.
Class interval: 0 – 8 8 – 16 16 – 24 24 – 32 32 – 40
Frequency: 5 9 10 8 8
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 20
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 20 ui = (xi – 20)/8 fi fiui
0 – 8 4 -16 -2 5 -10
8 – 16 12 -4 -1 9 -9
16 – 24 20 0 0 10 0
24 – 32 28 4 1 8 8
32 – 40 36 16 2 8 16
N = 40 Σ fiui = 5
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 20 and h = 8
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 20 + 8 x (5/40)
= 20 + 1
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= 21
11.
Class interval: 0 – 8 8 – 16 16 – 24 24 – 32 32 – 40
Frequency: 5 6 4 3 2
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 20
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 20 ui = (xi – 20)/8 fi fiui
0 – 8 4 -16 -2 5 -12
8 – 16 12 -8 -1 6 -8
16 – 24 20 0 0 4 0
24 – 32 28 8 1 3 9
32 – 40 36 16 2 2 14
N = 20 Σ fiui = -9
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 20 and h = 8
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 20 + 6 x (-9/20)
= 20 – 72/20
= 20 – 3.6
= 16.4
12.
Class interval: 10 – 30 30 – 50 50 – 70 70 – 90 90 – 110 110 – 130
Frequency: 5 8 12 20 3 2
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 60
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi –60 ui = (xi – 60)/20 fi fiui
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10 – 30 20 -40 -2 5 -10
30 – 50 40 -20 -1 8 -8
50 – 70 60 0 0 12 0
70 – 90 80 20 1 20 20
90 – 110 100 40 2 3 6
110 – 130 120 60 3 2 6
N = 50 Σ fiui = 14
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 60 and h = 20
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 60 + 20 x (14/50)
= 60 + 28/5
= 60 + 5.6
= 65.6
13.
Class interval: 25 – 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65 65 – 75
Frequency: 6 10 8 12 4
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 50
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 50 ui = (xi – 50)/10 fi fiui
25 – 35 30 -20 -2 6 -12
35 – 45 40 -10 -1 10 -10
45 – 55 50 0 0 8 0
55 – 65 60 10 1 12 12
65 – 75 70 20 2 4 8
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N = 40 Σ fiui = -2
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 50 and h = 10
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 50 + 10 x (-2/40)
= 50 – 0.5
= 49.5
14.
Class interval: 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54 55 – 59
Frequency: 14 22 16 6 5 3 4
Solution:
Let’s consider the assumed mean (A) = 42
Class interval Mid – value xi di = xi – 42 ui = (xi – 42)/5 fi fiui
25 – 29 27 -15 -3 14 -42
30 – 34 32 -10 -2 22 -44
35 – 39 37 -5 -1 16 -16
40 – 44 42 0 0 6 0
45 – 49 47 5 1 5 5
50 – 54 52 10 2 3 6
55 – 59 57 15 3 4 12
N = 70 Σ fiui = -79
From the table it’s seen that,
A = 42 and h = 5
Mean = A + h x (Σfi ui/N)
= 42 + 5 x (-79/70)
= 42 – 79/14
= 42 – 5.643
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= 36.357
1. Following are the lives in hours of 15 pieces of the components of aircraft engine. Find the median:
715, 724, 725, 710, 729, 745, 694, 699, 696, 712, 734, 728, 716, 705, 719.
Solution:
Arranging the given data in ascending order, we have
694, 696, 699, 705, 710, 712, 715, 716, 719, 721, 725, 728, 729, 734, 745
As the number of terms is an old number i.e., N = 15
We use the following procedure to find the median.
Median = (N + 1)/2 th term
= (15 + 1)/2 th term
= 8th term
So, the 8th term in the arranged order of the given data should be the median.
Therefore, 716 is the median of the data.
2. The following is the distribution of height of students of a certain class in a certain city:
Height (in cm): 160 – 162 163 – 165 166 – 168 169 – 171 172 – 174
No of students: 15 118 142 127 18
Find the median height.
Solution:
Class interval (exclusive) Class interval (inclusive) Class interval frequency Cumulative frequency
160 – 162 159.5 – 162.5 15 15
163 – 165 162.5 – 165.5 118 133(F)
166 – 168 165.5 – 168.5 142(f) 275
169 – 171 168.5 – 171.5 127 402
172 – 174 171.5 – 174.5 18 420
N = 420
Here, we have N = 420,
So, N/2 = 420/ 2 = 210
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The cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 275 then 165.5 – 168.5 is the median class such, that
L = 165.5, f = 142, F = 133 and h = (168.5 – 165.5) = 3
= 165.5 + 1.63
= 167.13
3. Following is the distribution of I.Q of 100 students. Find the median I.Q.
I.Q: 55 – 64
65 – 74
75 – 84
85 – 94
95 – 104
105 – 114
115 – 124
125 – 134
135 – 144
No of students:
1 2 9 22 33 22 8 2 1
Solution:
Class interval (exclusive) Class interval (inclusive) Class interval frequency Cumulative frequency
55 – 64 54.5 – 64-5 1 1
65 – 74 64.5 – 74.5 2 3
75 – 84 74.5 – 84.5 9 12
85 – 94 84.5 – 94.5 22 34(F)
95 – 104 94.5 – 104.5 33(f) 67
105 – 114 104.5 – 114.5 22 89
115 – 124 114.5 – 124.5 8 97
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125 – 134 124.5 – 134.5 2 98
135 – 144 134.5 – 144.5 1 100
N = 100
Here, we have N = 100,
So, N/2 = 100/ 2 = 50
The cumulative frequency just greater than N/ 2 is 67 then the median class is (94.5 – 104.5) such that L = 94.5, F = 33, h = (104.5 – 94.5) = 10
= 94.5 + 4.85
= 99.35
4. Calculate the median from the following data:
Rent (in Rs): 15 – 25 25 – 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65 65 – 75 75 – 85 85 – 95
No of houses: 8 10 15 25 40 20 15 7
Solution:
Class interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
15 – 25 8 8
25 – 35 10 18
35 – 45 15 33
45 – 55 25 58(F)
55 – 65 40(f) 98
65 – 75 20 118
75 – 85 15 133
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85 – 95 7 140
N = 140
Here, we have N = 140,
So, N/2 = 140/ 2 = 70
The cumulative frequency just greater than N/ 2 is 98 then median class is 55 – 65 such that L = 55, f = 40, F = 58, h = 65 – 55 = 10
= 55 + 3 = 58
5. Calculate the median from the following data:
Marks below: 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80 85 – 95
No of students: 15 35 60 84 96 127 198 250
Solution:
Marks below No. of students Class interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
10 15 0 – 10 15 15
20 35 10 – 20 20 35
30 60 20 – 30 25 60
40 84 30 – 40 24 84
50 96 40 – 50 12 96(F)
60 127 50 – 60 31(f) 127
70 198 60 – 70 71 198
80 250 70 – 80 52 250
N = 250
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Here, we have N = 250,
So, N/2 = 250/ 2 = 125
The cumulative frequency just greater than N/ 2 is 127 then median class is 50 – 60 such that L = 50, f = 31, F = 96, h = 60 -50 = 10
= 50 + 9.35
= 59.35
6. Calculate the missing frequency from the following distribution, it being given that the median of the distribution is 24.
Age in years: 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
No of persons: 5 25 ? 18 7
Solution:
Let the unknown frequency be taken as x,
Class interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 25 30(F)
20 – 30 x (f) 30 + x
30 – 40 18 48 + x
40 – 50 7 55 + x
N = 170
It’s given that
Median = 24
Then, median class = 20 – 30; L = 20, h = 30 -20 = 10, f = x, F = 30
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4x = 275 + 5x – 300
4x – 5x = – 25
– x = – 25
x = 25
Therefore, the Missing frequency = 25
7. The following table gives the frequency distribution of married women by age at marriage.
Age (in years) Frequency Age (in years) Frequency
15 – 19 53 40 – 44 9
20 – 24 140 45 – 49 5
25 – 29 98 45 – 49 3
30 – 34 32 55 – 59 3
35 – 39 12 60 and above 2
Calculate the median and interpret the results.
Solution:
Class interval (exclusive) Class interval (inclusive) Frequency Cumulative frequency
15 – 19 14.5 – 19.5 53 53 (F)
20 – 24 19.5 – 24.5 140 (f) 193
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25 – 29 24.5 – 29.5 98 291
30 – 34 29.5 – 34.5 32 323
35 – 39 34.5 – 39.5 12 335
40 – 44 39.5 – 44.5 9 344
45 – 49 44.5 – 49.5 5 349
50 – 54 49.5 – 54.5 3 352
55 – 54 54.5 – 59.5 3 355
60 and above 59.5 and above 2 357
N =357
Here, we have N = 357,
So, N/2 = 357/ 2 = 178.5
The cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 193, so then the median class is (19.5 – 24.5) such that l = 19.5, f = 140, F = 53, h = 25.5 – 19.5 = 5
Median = 23.98
Which means nearly half the women were married between the ages of 15 and 25
8. The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps:
Life time: (in hours) Number of lamps
1500 – 2000 14
2000 – 2500 56
2500 – 3000 60
3000 – 3500 86
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3500 – 4000 74
4000 – 4500 62
4500 – 5000 48
Find the median life.
Solution:
Life time Number of lamps fi Cumulative frequency (cf)
1500 – 2000 14 14
2000 – 2500 56 70
2500 – 3000 60 130(F)
3000 – 3500 86(f) 216
3500 – 4000 74 290
4000 – 4500 62 352
4500 – 5000 48 400
N = 400
It’s seen that, the cumulative frequency just greater than n/2 (400/2 = 200) is 216 and it belongs to the class interval 3000 – 3500 which becomes the Median class = 3000 – 3500
Lower limits (l) of median class = 3000 and,
Frequency (f) of median class = 86
Cumulative frequency (cf) of class preceding median class = 130
And, the Class size (h) = 500
Thus, calculating the median by the formula, we get
= 3000 + (35000/86)
= 3406.98
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Thus, the median life time of lamps is 3406.98 hours
9. The distribution below gives the weight of 30 students in a class. Find the median weight of students:
Weight (in kg): 40 – 45 45 – 50 50 – 55 55 – 60 60 – 65 65 – 70 70 – 75
No of students: 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
Solution:
Weight (in kg) Number of students fi Cumulative frequency (cf)
40 – 45 2 2
45 – 50 3 5
50 – 55 8 13
55 – 60 6 19
60 – 65 6 25
65 – 70 3 28
70 – 75 2 30
It’s seen that, the cumulative frequency just greater than n/ 2 (i.e. 30/ 2 = 15) is 19, belongs to class interval 55 – 60.
So, it’s chosen that
Median class = 55 – 60
Lower limit (l) of median class = 55
Frequency (f) of median class = 6
Cumulative frequency (cf) = 13
And, Class size (h) = 5
Thus, calculating the median by the formula, we get
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= 55 + 10/6 = 56.666
So, the median weight is 56.67 kg.
10. Find the missing frequencies and the median for the following distribution if the mean is 1.46
No. of accidents: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Frequencies (no. of days): 46 ? ? 25 10 5 200
Solution:
No. of accidents (x) No. of days (f) fx
0 46 0
1 x x
2 y 2y
3 25 75
4 10 40
5 5 25
N = 200 Sum = x + 2y + 140
It’s given that, N = 200
⇒ 46 + x + y + 25 + 10 + 5 = 200
⇒ x + y = 200 – 46 – 25 – 10 – 5
⇒ x + y = 114 —- (i)
And also given, Mean = 1.46
⇒ Sum/ N = 1.46
⇒ (x + 2y + 140)/ 200 = 1.46
⇒ x + 2y = 292 – 140
⇒ x + 2y = 152 —- (ii)
Subtract equation (i) from equation (ii), we get
x + 2y – x – y = 152 – 114
⇒ y = 38
Now, on putting the value of y in equation (i), we find x = 114 – 38 = 76
Thus, the table become:
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No. of accidents (x) No. of days (f) Cumulative frequency
0 46 46
1 76 122
2 38 160
3 25 185
4 10 195
5 5 200
N = 200
It’s seen that,
N = 200 N/2 = 200/2 = 100
So, the cumulative frequency just more than N/2 is 122
Therefore, the median is 1.
1. Find the mode of the following data:
(i) 3, 5, 7, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 5, 3, 5, 3, 6, 9, 7, 4
(ii) 3, 3, 7, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 5, 3, 5, 3, 6, 9, 7, 4
(iii) 15, 8, 26, 25, 24, 15, 18, 20, 24, 15, 19, 15
Solution:
(i)
Value (x) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency (f) 4 2 5 2 2 1 2
Thus, the mode = 5 since it occurs the maximum number of times.
(ii)
Value (x) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency (f) 5 2 4 2 2 1 2
Thus, the mode = 3 since it occurs the maximum number of times.
(iii)
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Value (x) 8 15 18 19 20 24 25
Frequency (f) 1 4 1 1 1 2 1
Thus, the mode = 15 since it occurs the maximum number of times.
2. The shirt size worn by a group of 200 persons, who bought the shirt from a store, are as follows:
Shirt size: 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
Number of persons: 15 25 39 41 36 17 15 12
Find the model shirt size worn by the group.
Solution:
Shirt size: 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
Number of persons: 15 25 39 41 36 17 15 12
From the data its observed that,
Model shirt size = 40 since it was the size which occurred for the maximum number of times.
3. Find the mode of the following distribution.
(i)
Class interval: 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80
Frequency: 5 8 7 12 28 20 10 10
Solution:
Class interval: 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80
Frequency: 5 8 7 12 28 20 10 10
It’s seen that the maximum frequency is 28.
So, the corresponding class i.e., 40 – 50 is the modal class.
And,
l = 40, h = 50 40 = 10, f = 28, f1 = 12, f2 = 20
Using the formula for finding mode, we get Aakas
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= 40 + 160/ 24
= 40 + 6.67
= 46.67
(ii)
Class interval 10 – 15 15 – 20 20 – 25 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40
Frequency 30 45 75 35 25 15
Solution:
Class interval 10 – 15 15 – 20 20 – 25 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40
Frequency 30 45 75 35 25 15
It’s seen that the maximum frequency is 75.
So, the corresponding class i.e., 20 – 25 is the modal class.
And,
l = 20, h = 25 – 20 = 5, f = 75, f1 = 45, f2 = 35
Using the formula for finding mode, we get
= 20 + 150/70
= 20 + 2.14
= 22.14
(iii)
Class interval 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40 40 – 45 45 – 50 50 – 55
Frequency 25 34 50 42 38 14
Solution:
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Class interval 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40 40 – 45 45 – 50 50 – 55
Frequency 25 34 50 42 38 14
It’s seen that the maximum frequency is 50.
So, the corresponding class i.e., 35 – 40 is the modal class.
And,
l = 35, h = 40 – 35 = 5, f = 50, f1 = 34, f2 = 42
Using the formula for finding mode, we get
= 35 + 80/24
= 35 + 3.33
= 38.33
4. Compare the modal ages of two groups of students appearing for an entrance test:
Age in years 16 – 18 18 – 20 20 – 22 22 – 24 24 – 26
Group A 50 78 46 28 23
Group B 54 89 40 25 17
Solution:
Age in years 16 – 18 18 – 20 20 – 22 22 – 24 24 – 26
Group A 50 78 46 28 23
Group B 54 89 40 25 17
For Group A:
It’s seen that the maximum frequency is 78.
So, the corresponding class 18 – 20 is the model class.
And,
l = 18, h = 20 – 18 = 2, f = 78, f1 = 50, f2 = 46
Using the formula for finding mode, we get
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= 18 + 56/60
= 18 + 0.93
= 18.93 years
For group B:
It’s seen that the maximum frequency is 89
So, the corresponding class 18 – 20 is the modal class.
And,
l = 18, h = 20 – 18 = 2, f = 89, f1 = 54, f2 = 40
Using the formula for finding mode, we get
Mode
= 18 + 70/84
= 18 + 0.83
= 18.83 years
Therefore, the modal age of the Group A is higher than that of Group B.
5. The marks in science of 80 students of class X are given below. Find the mode of the marks obtained by the students in science.
Marks 0 – 10
10 – 20
20 – 30
30 – 40
40 – 50
50 – 60
60 – 70
70 – 80
80 – 90
90 – 100
Frequency 3 5 16 12 13 20 5 4 1 1
Solution:
Marks 0 – 10
10 – 20
20 – 30
30 – 40
40 – 50
50 – 60
60 – 70
70 – 80
80 – 90
90 – 100
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Frequency 3 5 16 12 13 20 5 4 1 1
It’s seen that the maximum frequency is 20.
So, the corresponding class 50 – 60 is the modal class.
And,
l = 50, h = 60 – 50 = 10, f = 20, f1 = 13, f2 = 5
Using the formula for finding mode, we get
= 50 + 70/22
= 50 + 3.18
= 53.18
6. The following is the distribution of height of students of a certain class in a city:
Height (in cm): 160 – 162 163 – 165 166 – 168 169 – 171 172 – 174
No of students: 15 118 142 127 18
Find the average height of maximum number of students.
Solution:
Heights(exclusive) 160 – 162 163 – 165 166 – 168 169 – 171 172 – 174
Heights (inclusive) 159.5 – 162.5 162.5 – 165.5 165.5 – 168.5 168.5 – 171.5 171.5 – 174.5
No of students 15 118 142 127 18
It’s seen that the maximum frequency is 142.
So, the corresponding class 165.5 – 168.5 is the modal class.
And,
l = 165.5, h = 168.5 – 165.5 = 3, f = 142, f1 = 118, f2 = 127
Using the formula for finding mode, we get Aakas
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= 165.5 + 72/39
= 165.5 + 1.85
= 167.35 cm
7. The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year:
Ages (in years): 5 – 15 15 – 25 25 – 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65
No of students: 6 11 21 23 14 5
Find the mode and the mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret the two measures of central tendency.
Solution:
To find the mean:
For the given data let the assumed mean (A) = 30
Age (in years) Number of patients fi Class marks xi di = xi – 275 fidi
5 – 15 6 10 – 20 -120
15 – 25 11 20 – 10 -110
25 – 35 21 30 0 0
35 – 45 23 40 10 230
45 – 55 14 50 20 280
55 – 65 5 60 30 150
N = 80 Σfi di = 430
It’s observed from the table that Σfi = N = 80 and Σfi di = 430.
Using the formula for mean,
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= 30 + 430/80
= 30 + 5.375
= 35.375
= 35.38
Thus, the mean of this data is 35.38. It can also be interpreted as that on an average the age of a patients admitted to hospital was 35.38 years.
It is also observed that maximum class frequency is 23 and it belongs to class interval 35 – 45
So, modal class is 35 – 45 with the Lower limit (l) of modal class = 35
And, Frequency (f) of modal class = 23
Class size (h) = 10
Frequency (f1) of class preceding the modal class = 21
Frequency (f2) of class succeeding the modal class = 14
Mode
Therefore, the mode is 36.8. This represents that maximum number of patients admitted in hospital were of 36.8 years.
Hence, it’s seen that mode is greater than the mean.
8. The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical components:
Lifetimes (in hours): 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120
No. of components: 10 35 52 61 38 29
Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.
Solution:
From the data given as above its observed that maximum class frequency is 61 which belongs to class interval 60 – 80.
So, modal class limit (l) of modal class = 60
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Frequency (f) of modal class = 61
Frequency (f1) of class preceding the modal class = 52
Frequency (f2) of class succeeding the modal class = 38
Class size (h) = 20
Using the formula for find mode, we have
Mode
Thus, the modal lifetime of electrical components is 65.625 hours
9. The following table gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory:
Daily income 100 – 120 120 – 140 140 – 160 160 – 180 180 – 200
Number of workers 12 14 8 6 10
Find the mean, mode and median of the above data.
Solution:
Class interval Mid value (x) Frequency (f) fx Cumulative frequency
100 – 120 110 12 1320 12
120 – 140 130 14 1820 26
140 – 160 150 8 1200 34
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160 – 180 170 6 1000 40
180 – 200 190 10 1900 50
N = 50 Σfx = 7260
We know that,
Mean = Σfx / N
= 7260/ 50
= 145.2
Then,
We have, N = 50
⇒ N/2 = 50/2 = 25
So, the cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 26, then the median class is 120 – 140
Such that l = 120, h = 140 – 120 = 20, f = 14, F = 12
= 120 + 260/14
= 120 + 18.57
= 138.57
From the data, its observed that maximum frequency is 14, so the corresponding class 120 – 140 is the modal class
And,
l = 120, h = 140 – 120 = 20, f = 14, f1 = 12, f2 = 8
= 120 + 5
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= 125
Therefore, mean = 145.2, median = 138.57 and mode = 125
1. Draw an ogive by less than the method for the following data:
No. of rooms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of houses 4 9 22 28 24 12 8 6 5 2
Solution:
No. of rooms No. of houses Cumulative Frequency
Less than or equal to 1 4 4
Less than or equal to 2 9 13
Less than or equal to 3 22 35
Less than or equal to 4 28 63
Less than or equal to 5 24 87
Less than or equal to 6 12 99
Less than or equal to 7 8 107
Less than or equal to 8 6 113
Less than or equal to 9 5 118
Less than or equal to 10 2 120
It’s required to plot the points (1, 4), (2, 13), (3, 35), (4, 63), (5, 87), (6, 99), (7, 107), (8, 113), (9, 118), (10, 120), by taking upper-class limit over the x-axis and cumulative frequency over the y-axis.
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2. The marks scored by 750 students in an examination are given in the form of a frequency distribution table:
Marks No. of Students
600 – 640 16
640 – 680 45
680 – 720 156
720 – 760 284
760 – 800 172
800 – 840 59
840 – 880 18
Prepare a cumulative frequency distribution table by less than method and draw an ogive.
Solution:
Marks No. of Students Marks Less than Cumulative Frequency
600 – 640 16 640 16
640 – 680 45 680 61
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680 – 720 156 720 217
720 – 760 284 760 501
760 – 800 172 800 673
800 – 840 59 840 732
840 – 880 18 880 750
Plot the points (640, 16), (680, 61), (720, 217), (760, 501), (800, 673), (840, 732), (880, 750) by taking upper class limit over the x-axis and cumulative frequency over the y-axis.
3. Draw an Ogive to represent the following frequency distribution:
Class-interval 0 – 4 5 – 9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24
No. of students 2 6 10 5 3
Solution:
Since the given frequency distribution is not continuous we will have to first make it continuous and then prepare the cumulative frequency:
Class-interval No. of Students Less than Cumulative frequency
0.5 – 4.5 2 4.5 2
4.5 – 9.5 6 9.5 8
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9.5 – 14.5 10 14.5 18
14.5 – 19.5 5 19.5 23
19.5 – 24.5 3 24.5 26
Plot the points (4.5, 2), (9.5, 8), (14.5, 18), (19.5, 23), (24.5, 26) by taking the upper class limit over the x-axis and cumulative frequency over the y-axis.
4. The monthly profits (in Rs) of 100 shops are distributed as follows:
Profit per shop No of shops:
0 – 50 12
50 – 100 18
100 – 150 27
150 – 200 20
200 – 250 17
250 – 300 6
Draw the frequency polygon for it.
Solution:
Doing for the less than method, we have
Profit per shop Mid-value No of shops:
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Less than 0 0 0
Less than 0 – 50 25 12
Less than 50 – 100 75 18
Less than 100 – 150 125 27
Less than 150 – 200 175 20
Less than 200 – 250 225 17
Less than 250 – 300 275 6
Above 300 300 0
By plotting the respectively coordinates we can get the frequency polygon.
5. The following distribution gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory:
Daily income (in Rs): No of workers:
100 – 120 12
120 – 140 14
140 – 160 8
160 – 180 6
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180 – 200 10
Convert the above distribution to a ‘less than’ type cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.
Solution:
Firstly, we prepare the cumulative frequency table by less than method as given below:
Daily income Cumulative frequency
Less than 120 12
Less than 140 26
Less than 160 34
Less than 180 40
Less than 200 50
Now we mark on x-axis upper class limit, y-axis cumulative frequencies. Thus we plot the point (120, 12), (140, 26), (160, 34), (180, 40), (200, 50).
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