1 brookhaven science associates high coherent flux and full polarization control nsls-ii csx project...

1 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES

High Coherent Flux and Full Polarization ControlNSLS-II CSX Project Beamline

Cecilia Sánchez-Hankewith acknowledgements to the CSX BAT and NSLS-II XFD team

NSLS-II EFAC Review April 23, 2009


High coherent flux and full polarization control BAT

H. Ade, D. A. Arena, S.L. Hulbert, Y. Idzerda, S. Kevan, C. Sánchez-Hanke and S. Wilkins

CSX Beamline Advisory Team*Rubén Reininger,

Scientific Answers & Solutions, Madison, WI


Outline

1. Scientific Mission2. Beamline Overview

Beamline Requirements and SpecificationsOptics and beamline layout (major changes since last EFAC meeting)

3. EFAC comments4. 1st BAT meeting

comments action items

5. Other design issues6. Cost and Schedule7. Conclusions


1. Scientific MissionComplementary scientific programs

on two branches: Full Polarization Control and High Coherent Flux

• Surfaces / Buried Interfaces in SCS

• Imaging Complexity/inhomogeities• Diffraction Microscopy• Coherent Imaging

• Soft Matter • Magnetic Interfaces• Dynamics


• Specifications• ~ 200 to 2000 eV energy range• high coherent flux (maximize)• circular and linear polarization with fast-switching capability up to kHz• spot size on sample: ~4 μm horiz. x ~5 μm vert. (2-) • >95% overlap of the two polarized beams on sample• Flux: ~2 x 1013 photons/sec/0.1%bw

• Requirements • A high degree of stability, of both the electron beam and the beamline optics, to provide:

Full polarization control branch– Stable intensity and polarization (desire 1:103 stability) – Stable beam position (desire <10% of focused

beam spot size at the sample)– Stable beam overlap in fast-switching mode

(desire <5% of focused beam spot size at the sample, which equates to <2.5% beam position wander, as a fraction of the focused beam spot size)

2.1. High coherent flux and full polarization control branches

High coherent branch–Stable intensity (desire 1:104 stability) –Stable beam (desire <10% of the pinhole size)


Changes:

SGM branchline specifically for coherent studies – minimum number of reflections.

Full polarization control branch with flexible control of flux (polarization & switching).

Move branching mirror into FE – now also provides focusing

Changes:




2.2. Soft Coherent X-ray Beamline since last EFAC review

Full polarization control branch

Changes:




SGM mono

High coherent flux branch


CSX beamline real-space layout




3. Response to Comments from EFAC

Comment Response

Combining both programs into a single beamline has compromised the capabilities of both branches to some degree

Calculations show both branches performance should be best in their own class

Canting the ID’s and its use as single device. The phasing of the two undulators will be important and further studies are needed.

On going studies regarding the canting and the phasing of the ID’s. Problem related with straight section length, front end, and floor space

Specific comments on beamline design details: need of multiple mirrors requires careful planning and design, the power load on the mirrors should be check, soft x-ray range allows for much tolerance for the slope errors than a hard x-ray mirrors

Various step process, design and FEA (in first mirrors) will go hand by hand. Mirrors and gratings tolerances are being checked. Collaboration with metrology R&D

Care has to be taken during the design phase to make sure that the coherence is preserved at the sample with the maximum flux

Both branches optical design will request to have wave front analysis


4. 1st BAT meeting in January 2009

Goals:

a) provide guidance to finalize the optical design

b) provide guidance for beamline operation schemes

c) provide guidance for endstations

Agenda talks:

a) Ruben Reininger “Beamline optics and layout”

Toshi Tanabe “CSX beamline ID’s”

Steve Hulbert “Undulator-overlaping issues”

b) Paul Steadman

c) Konstantine Kaznatcheev


4. BAT recommendations: action items (29)

Items Status

Beamline ID’sEnergy range > 270 eV (linear vert.)Need/required QEPU to eliminate higher harmonics

EPU49 is current choice, under study the beamline performance with this selection.R&D for QEPU

Beamline operation schemesFast switching, dual or single operation Operation schemes are limited by length of the straight as well as the insertion of an “ID phaser”

Pending final decision for fast switching scheme. Need to contact BESSY and ESRF to investigate “phaser”

Beamline optics : a) high coherent flux , b) full polarization controlRecommendation to assign R & D for gratings* and optics**

First optics need to repeat FEA analysis and specially a) wave front analysis for coherence preservation

Concern Zeiss stop grating fabrication, searching for collaborations to obtain state of the art gratings

Ruben Reininger is keeping in contact with group in Germany willing to start a company.

Many items are related with each other:Switching scheme, real state at straight section, ID’s performance (period)relates with optics performance, requires of FEA analysis and new cost estimates.


4. BAT recommendations: action items (29)

List of other Items Status

Analysis for ZP positioning in coherence branch Same analysis as for nanofocus hard x-ray beamline

Vibration analysis for optics and end-stations Need evaluation

Detector requirements for beamline/endstations Preliminary list includes area detectors (fast read out) and photon counting detectors, list keeps growing

Error analysis in full polar. branch with 6 degrees of freedom in first optics, specially energy shifts

Request has to go to Ruben Reininger

BPM’s and diagnostics specific for soft x-rays In contact with Diamond ID6 and BLADE beamlines and PETRA-III soft x-ray beamline


APPLE-II “APPLE-II “Period Choice Chart”Period Choice Chart”Minimal (for 11.5 mm Gap) and Maximal Photon Energies of the Fundamental Harmonic

vs Undulator Period for 3 GeV Electron Energy

Magnet Parameters: Br = 1.25 (NdFeB) Transverse Dimensions: 38 mm x 38 mm or 30 mm x 30 mm Horizontal Gap: 1 mm

270 eV

49 mm period

Oleg Chubar & Toshi TanabeBAT conditions for the selection of the

EPU period: Min hv vert 270 eV

High energy…

Period length

47mm 48mm 49mm 51mm

Min hv lin horiz

180 eV 170 eV 160 eV

140 eV

Min hv circ

260 eV 230 220 eV 180 eV

Min hv lin vert

310 eV 280 eV 260 eV 220 eV

Min hv lin 45deg

440 eV 400 eV 380 eV 320 eV

Max hv (K=0.2)

1780 eV 1740 eV 1710 eV 1630 eV


APPLE-II “APPLE-II “Period Choice Chart”Period Choice Chart”Minimal (for 11.5 mm Gap) and Maximal Photon Energies of the Fundamental Harmonic

vs Undulator Period for 3 GeV Electron Energy

Magnet Parameters: Br = 1.25 (NdFeB) Transverse Dimensions: 38 mm x 38 mm or 30 mm x 30 mm Horizontal Gap: 1 mm

49 mm period

1700 eV

Oleg Chubar & Toshi Tanabe

figure with comparison brightness for different EPU periods

BAT needs EPU45 performance


CSX full polarization control branch: switching using static canted EPUs

Single beam mode: x2 flux

Fixed polarization selection• Linear (sigma OR pi)• Circular (left OR right)

Static canted beam mode, fast switchable using chopper

Fast-switching polarization selection

• Linear (sigma AND pi)• Circular (left AND right)

0.16 mrad


CSX source usage modes (con’d)

Source Usage Mode Undulators Coherent branch Polarization Control Branch

Not shared In line (phased) M0 mirror inserted

Not shared In line (phased) or canted

M0 mirror retracted; use dedicated optics for either (a) in-line (phased) undulators as a single source or (b) canted undulators with different polarizations selected by chopper

Shared Canted: upstream undulator pointing inboard, downstream undulator pointing outboard

M0 mirror inserted in upstream undulator beam; use upstream undulator beam

Use downstream undulator beam


Real estate problem in the low-straight

• 2 x EPUs (APPLE II) canted by 0.16 mrad (horizontal plane)• Number of periods 44• Period length 45 mm• Kmax 4.33 (linear mode), 2.69 (circular mode)

• Low- straight section (6.7 m long, as of May 2008)• Need space for 2 insertion devices plus 3-5 canting magnets• Need space for BPMs

Length: 2m

August 2007

J. Skaritka courtesy


CSX front end layout

SGV - slow gate valve FAPM - fixed aperture mask XBPM - photon BPM (non-absorbing) x two beamsCO - lead collimator PS - photon shutterM0 – mirror * move to the beamline front endSS - safety shutter **

17.85 m

18.25 m

18.85m

19.35 m

19.65 m

20.15 m

24.15 m

24.85 m

27.05 m

Non-standard items needed:• adjustable white beam apertures

Items not needed:• No need for differential pumping section (windowless,

ultra-high vacuum beamline)

20.50 m


Side View

CSX beamline optics layout optics specifications vs metrology

• Horizontal Focusing by M4 -- ~52:1

• Fast Switching: change M1 and M3Beamline High flux fast switching branch

High flux coherent branch

Source to M1 29.50 m 20.50 m

M1 to entrance slit 12.50 m

M1 to M2 ~ 2.43 m

M1 to grating ~ 2.50 m 13.60 m

Grating to exit slit ~10.00 m ~ 2.09 m

Exit slit to M3 ~ 1.20 m

M3 to M4 0.75 m

M4 to sample 1.00 m

Total ~45.00 m

Plane M2

Plane gratingVLS

ExitSlit

Cylindrical M1

Sample

Plane EllipticalsM3, M4

Planar M0

Top view

Toroidal M1Spherical grating

SampleEntrance slit

Exit pinhole inside chamber

Side view

• 100 nrad RMS planes• 500 nrad RMS Elliptical, cylinder meridional

In_Sync currently (April 16th 2009)

Plane 200 nrad RMS

Sagital cylinder 500 nrad RMS


Energy resolution vs Slope errors


Coherent branch endstation

Technique

• Soft X-ray Diffraction Microscopy

• Coherent scattering imaging retrieval

Experimental capabilities

• In-vacuum diffraction chamber

• 30 nm zone plate

• Polarization analysis

• Temperature control down to

5 K

Currently final assembly

soon moved to X1A

Status


Polarization control endstation

Experimental capabilities• In vacuum diffractometer

• Magnet 1 Tesla (in x, y and z)

• Sample transfer

• Sample temperature down to ~20 K

• Future

• Motorized multiple pinholes

• Polarization analyzer

Under construction;

Chamber is in hause as many of the other parts

will serve NSLS X13A user community prior to NSLS-II starts operations

Status


WBS Dictionary: All activity related to the design, construction, and commissioning (without beam) of an insertion device soft x-ray beamline covering an energy range between 200 to 2000 eV, with the capability to perform experiments using the coherent part of the photon beam, and switchable polarization.

Undulator Beamline 4: Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CXS)Total Estimated Cost ($ x 1000)

WBS Description

Direct $

Total Burdened & Escalated

Bottoms up Contingency

Total with Contingency

FTEs LaborNon-Labor

(Mtrl, Trvl, Act)% $ Value

1.04.05.04 Undulator Beamline 4Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CXS) 22.6 1,799 6,792 11,709 44 5,160 16,869

1.04.05.04.01 First Optic Enclosure 0.2 13 129 173 2 48 221

1.04.05.04.02 Layout & Transport 1.0 79 33 199 4 92 291

1.04.05.04.03 Utilities 1.0 61 100 238 1 48 285

1.04.05.04.04 White Beam Apertures 0.5 40 149 256 1 31 287

1.04.05.04.05 First Mirrors (M0 & M1) 1.2 90 768 1,094 6 591 1,685

1.04.05.04.06 Monochromator (M2 + gratings) 1.6 125 1,068 1,538 4 615 2,153

1.04.05.04.07 Exit Slits 2.1 149 673 1,082 4 455 1,537

1.04.05.04.08 Polarization Selection Components 0.5 41 127 237 3 81 317

1.04.05.04.09 Branching Mirror 0.9 73 361 585 5 246 831

1.04.05.04.10 Refocusing Mirror 2.1 160 2,014 2,703 6 1,460 4,162

1.04.05.04.11 Personnel Safety System 0.4 24 35 94 .24 23 117

1.04.05.04.12 Equipment Protection System 0.6 37 67 162 2 39 201

1.04.05.04.13 Endstation 1 3.2 245 1,110 1,837 10 735 2,572

1.04.05.04.15 Beamline Controls 0 0 90 117 1 42 159

1.04.05.04.16 Beamline Control Station 0 0 25 34 0 0 34

1.04.05.04.17 Beamline Management 7.2 660 44 1,358 2 657 2,015

Material and labor costs estimated*** for high coherent flux branch

~ $ 543 k M0 Mirror *~ $ 673 k Water-cooled entrance & exit slits *~ $ 650 k Grating chamber~ $ 360 k Labor (120k x 3) **---------------------------------------------------------------------- ~ $ 2,226 k Total for coherent branch

Material and labor costs recovered by removal of one branch

~ $ 361 k Branching mirror *~ $ 338 k Water-cooled exit slit *~ $ 999 k M3 and M4 refocusing mirrors * ~ $ 350 k Labor (115k + 115k + 120k) **---------------------------------------------------------------~ $ 2,048 k Total recovered costs

* Includes diagnostics, transport, and vacuum hardware** includes labor for specification, procurement, QA testing, and installation*** rough estimates, need to be refined


Beamline BudgetProgram: Description: Approval:NSLS_EV8 NSLS_EV8 Program ManagerRun Date: Status Date: Functional Manager4/13/2009 3/31/2009 Cost Account Manager

Cost Account BE[2] FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 Cumulative1.04.05.04 Undulator Beamline 4, Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CXS)

ACT Historic Actual CostsDIRECT BCWS 43,777 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,777

BE[2] Totals: BCWS 43,777 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,777LABOR

FTE BCWS 0 0.98 2.25 3.50 4.34 5.65 6.24 1.25 24.21DIRECT BCWS 0 74,832 189,961 285,069 339,309 428,696 462,672 85,545 1,866,085INDIRECTS BCWS 0 64,717 175,620 277,001 351,114 471,525 539,986 105,772 1,985,735

BE[2] Totals: BCWS 0 139,549 365,581 562,070 690,424 900,222 1,002,658 191,317 3,851,820TRAVEL

DIRECT BCWS 0 3,043 4,269 4,269 56,919 0 3,000 0 71,500INDIRECTS BCWS 0 427 755 916 14,422 0 1,005 0 17,524

BE[2] Totals: BCWS 0 3,470 5,024 5,185 71,341 0 4,005 0 89,024MATERIAL

DIRECT BCWS 0 0 17,396 9,962 2,818,930 2,981,832 254,423 26,293 6,108,836INDIRECTS BCWS 0 0 3,076 2,137 463,068 604,235 64,059 9,928 1,146,503

BE[2] Totals: BCWS 0 0 20,472 12,099 3,281,998 3,586,067 318,482 36,221 7,255,339Grand Totals:

BCWS 43,777 143,019 391,077 579,354 4,043,762 4,486,288 1,325,145 227,538 11,239,960

With the final design BAT recommends new cost estimates


CSX Beamline: Status and Plans

• Polarization control branch of beamline design in good shape (Ruben Reininger)

• End station(s) to be transferred from NSLS (currently in design/manufacture)

• Coherent branch conceptual design needs to be finalize (Ruben Reininger, Sept. 2009)

• Thermal FEA analysis required for first mirrors of both branches

• Review of fast switching options:

• baseline optical design is based on static canted sources

• analysis of relative accelerator (real estate) and beamline risks, costs, and benefits of each scheme scheme


Summary

• Design of a unique best-in-class high performance dual branch soft x-ray beamline with flexibility to perform world class science in the soft x-ray energy range (270 to 1700eV)

• Coherent branch: high coherent photon flux (~1014 ph/s), with resolving power of the order of 1000

- uses both insertion devices in phase as one, with a reduced number of optics

• Polarization control branch: high photon flux (2 x 1013 ph/s) with ~ 104 power resolution

- uses both insertion devices with “opposite” polarizations,- Fast switches between polarizations

1 brookhaven science associates high coherent flux and full polarization control nsls-ii csx project...

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