1 2/9/2014 energy savings, power reliability, environmental stewardship the benefits of on-site...
TRANSCRIPT
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04/10/23
Energy Savings, Power Reliability, Environmental Stewardship
The benefits of on-site cooling, heating and power
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UTC Research Center – Technology Advancement
Hamilton SundstrandAerospace & Industrial
Pratt & WhitneyAircraft Engines, Gas Turbines &
Space Propulsion
SikorskyHelicoptersOn-site &
Transportation UTC Fuel Cells
Otis Elevators, Escalators &
People Moving Systems
Carrier Heating, Cooling & Refrigeration
ChubbSecurity &
Fire Protection
UTC POWER OVERVIEW
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Cooling, Heating & Power
Fuel Cells Heat-to-Energy
Power & Heat
On-site power solutions
UTC PRODUCT OVERVIEW
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Waste Heat Solutions for
On-Site Generation
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Provides:
• Up to 200 kW electrical power
Benefits:
• Zero fuel costs
• Zero emissions
• Waste heat above 500°F (gaseous)
• 2 – 4 Year payback
• 20% IRR or higher
PURECYCLETM 200
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Conventional IndustrialFacility
20 MCF/hr
Natural Gas
IndustrialFacility
withPureCycleTM
Power System20 MCF/hr
Natural Gas
REDUCED ELECTRIC NEED
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PRODUCT CONCEPT
PureCycle™ Power System “reverses” air conditioning cycle
Cooling ElectricityAir
conditioner
ElectricityHeatPureCycle™
Power System
NOX
FuelCost
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ElectricalPower
Waste HeatGas > 500°F
Power Module
RejectedHeat
PURECYCLETM 200 SCHEMATIC
Waste heat enters the evaporator and vaporizes a pressurized working fluid.
1The hot vapor is then expanded through a turbine to drive a generator producing electric power.
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The condenser cools the expanded vapor, returning it to liquid form.
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The cooled liquid re-enters the power module, where the pump re-pressurizes it and returns it to the evaporator.
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SYSTEM COMPONENTS
8’ x 40’ x 8’(11,600 lbs)
11’ x 6’ x 6’(7,000 lbs)
6’ x 10’ x 10’(13,000 lbs)
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TURBINE / GENERATOR
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POWER MODULE
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Pressurized Exhaust
Evaporator DV
R
Va
lve
Heat Source
2) Ambient Exhaust (ex: most industrial processes)
To Power Module & Condenser
1) Pressurized Exhaust (ex: Recip, Turbine)
STANDARD INSTALLATIONS
Blower Heat Source
Evaporator
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• Low O & M costs – estimated at about 0.7 ¢/kW-hr for full maintenance (both scheduled and unscheduled)
• Uses existing production components from Carrier– Minimizes cost, increases reliability
• PureCycle system requires no operator– No steam/water in power cycle– Remotely monitored, unattended operation
• Closed-cycle operation
• Minimal scheduled maintenance duties– Replace filters– Check oil levels– Replace lube oil– Refrigerant make-up
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
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CARRIER SERVICE NETWORK
80 field offices in the US
Continuous Remote Monitoring – 24 x 7
• Internet access via web browser• Carrier Monitoring Center• Alarms, service predictions• Dispatch field technicians• Detect and correct problems early,
to maintain savings and productivity
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Gases: Input Temperature > 500F; Heat input > 8.5 mmbtu/hr
APPLICATION GUIDE
Qin = mdot x cp x (Tin – Tout)
Heat Input = mass flow x specific heat x exhaust temp. drop (btu/hr) (lbs/hr) (btu/lb/F) (F)
Qin must equal 8,500,000 btu/hr to make 200 kW
(lbs/hr) = SCFM x 60 x 0.075 (use density of air at STP)
(lbs/hr) = ACFM x 60 x density (use density of air at actual T, P)
Cp = 0.26 (conservative, 0.275 for lean burning natural gas)
Tout = 300 F
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Thermal Source Temperature vs Mass Flow
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
- 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
Thermal Source Mass Flow (lbs/hr)
Th
erm
al S
ou
rce T
em
pera
ture
(F
)
150 kW 400 kW200 kW
THERMAL REQUIREMENTS
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Source: derived from U.S. EPA, National Emissions Inventory Database
Estimated Annual U.S. Industrial Waste Heat Quantities (300 F reference temperature)
29 QUADS BTU’s/YEAR (US)
Nationwide: 420 trillion BTU’s per year industrial waste heat
Temperature range of interest
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APPLICATIONS
Landfill Gas
Gas Compression
Chemicals
Metals
Petroleum
Brick & Ceramic
Top Industries
Recip Engines
Gas Turbines
Flares
Thermal Oxidizers
Furnace
Incinerators
Key Equipment
Waste Heat
Electricity
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PRODUCT RELEASE
• 3 Field Tests• Commercially Available since July 2004• 16 Week Lead-time
Landfill Flare
Austin Energy (Austin, TX)
Landfill Recip Exhaust
US Energy (Danville, IL)
Burner
UTRC (Hartford, CT)
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Initial focus in CA and New England States
MARKET STRATEGY
8 ¢/kWh or more
Number of facilities
CA 75,000
NE 16,000
CA utility territories
Annual average power
output (kW)
Avg electric price (¢/kWh)
No incentives
Customer payback
(yrs)
PG&E 195 11.5 2.1
SCE 183 11.3 2.3
SDG&E 183 8.6 3.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
CA NV HI MA NH CT NJ TX VT NY FL AK PA KS AZ IN
Million GWh
Industrial power consumption @ > 8 ¢/kWh
PG&E
SCE
SDG&E
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TEMP. DERATE EFFECT
