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Page 1: 1. 2 Classification of organisms 3 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of

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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 2: 1. 2 Classification of organisms 3 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of

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ClassificatioClassification of n of

organismsorganisms

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•There are There are 13 billion13 billion known known species of organismsspecies of organisms

•This is This is only 5% of allonly 5% of all organisms that ever organisms that ever lived!!!!!lived!!!!!

•New organismsNew organisms are still are still being found and identifiedbeing found and identified

Species of OrganismsSpecies of Organisms

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What is it?What is it?

ClassificationClassification is the is the arrangement of organisms arrangement of organisms into orderly into orderly groupsgroups based based on their on their similaritiessimilarities

Also called Also called taxonomytaxonomy

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Why classify organism?Why classify organism?

•Accurate & uniformAccurate & uniform namesnames

•Prevents Prevents misnomers misnomers (mistakes)(mistakes) (jellyfish are (jellyfish are NOT fish) NOT fish)

•Uses Uses same language same language (Latin or some Greek)(Latin or some Greek)

Sea”horseSea”horse”??”??

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Confusion in Using Different Confusion in Using Different Languages for NamesLanguages for Names

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Latin Names are Latin Names are Understood by EVERYONE!!!Understood by EVERYONE!!!

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The first taxonomistThe first taxonomist

•Aristotle,Aristotle, 2000 2000 years agoyears ago

•divided organisms divided organisms into into plants & animalsplants & animals

•subdividedsubdivided them by them by their their habitathabitat -land, -land, sea, or airsea, or air

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Father of TaxonomyFather of Taxonomy

•Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus1707 – 17781707 – 1778

•18th century

•Classified organisms by their structures

•Developed the modern Developed the modern system of naming called system of naming called binomial nomenclature binomial nomenclature

(2-word(2-word naming system naming system for each species)for each species)

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Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

•Genus + species Genus + species (specific epithet) (specific epithet)

•Latin or GreekLatin or Greek

•ItalicizedItalicized in print in print

•Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, but , but NOT speciesNOT species

•UnderlineUnderline when when writingwriting

Turdus Turdus migratoriusmigratorius

American American RobinRobin

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Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

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So how do we group So how do we group organisms?organisms?

•TaxonTaxon ( ( taxataxa-plural) is a -plural) is a category into which related category into which related organisms are placedorganisms are placed

•There is a There is a hierarchy (order)hierarchy (order) for these groups from for these groups from broadest to most specificbroadest to most specific

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Hierarchy of Taxonomic Hierarchy of Taxonomic GroupsGroups

Domain (3)Kingdom (6)

Phylum (called Division for plants) Class Order Family

Genus Species

BROADEST BROADEST TAXONTAXON

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KKinging

PPhilliphillip

CCameame

OOverver

FForor

GGraperape

SSoup!oup!

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Bellringer Tue, 03/17

1.Felis catus is the species name for a cat!

Felis is the _________

catus is the specific _________

2. Rattus norvegicus is the species name for a __________. Guess! Use your head!

Reminders: HW #8 due Fri, LAB FEE anytime, Nice job on quiz!

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ArchaeabacteriaArchaeabacteria live in live in harsh harsh environmentsenvironments and may represent the and may represent the first cells to have evolved.first cells to have evolved.

Sewage Sewage treatment treatment

plants, plants, thermal thermal

vents, etc.vents, etc.

1. Kingdom 1. Kingdom ArcheabacteriaArcheabacteria

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EubacteriaEubacteria, some of which cause , some of which cause human diseases, are present in human diseases, are present in

almost almost all habitatsall habitats on earth. on earth.

Many bacteria are important Many bacteria are important environmentally and environmentally and

commercially.commercially.

Live in the Live in the intestines intestines of animalsof animals

2. Kingdom Eubacteria2. Kingdom Eubacteria

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The rest…all eukaryoticThe rest…all eukaryotic

3. Protista3. Protista (protozoans, algae…) (protozoans, algae…)

4. Fungi4. Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) (mushrooms, yeasts …)

5. Plantae5. Plantae (multicellular plants) (multicellular plants)

6. Animalia6. Animalia (multicellular (multicellular animals) animals)

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Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista

•Unicellular Unicellular (most) and (most) and multicellularmulticellular

•Food: Food: autotrophic or autotrophic or heteroprophicheteroprophic

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Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi•MulticellulaMulticellula

r,r, except except yeastyeast

•Absorptive Absorptive heterotrophheterotrophss (digest (digest food outside food outside their body)their body)

•Cell wallsCell walls

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Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

•MulticellularMulticellular

•AutotrophicAutotrophic

•PhotosynthesiPhotosynthesiss

•Cell wallsCell walls

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Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

•MulticellulaMulticellularr

•Ingestive Ingestive heterotrophheterotrophss (eat and (eat and digest food digest food inside their inside their bodies)bodies)

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Bellringer Wed, 03/251.What is a cladogram? Look it up if you

don’t know!

2.Take out your dissection sheets and finish questions on back!

3.Pass down your bellringer sheets!!!

Reminders: HW #9 due TOM, LAB FEE anytime, Nice job on dissection! Quiz TOM!!!

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What is a Cladogram?What is a Cladogram?Diagram showing how organisms are Diagram showing how organisms are

related based on related based on shared shared characteristicscharacteristics such as feathers, hair, such as feathers, hair, or scalesor scales

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Primate Primate CladogramCladogram

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Dichotomous KeyingDichotomous Keying

•Used to identify organismsUsed to identify organisms

•Characteristics given in Characteristics given in pairspairs

•How? Read How? Read bothboth characteristicscharacteristics and either and either go to another set of go to another set of characteristics characteristics OROR identify identify the organismthe organism

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Example of Dichotomous Example of Dichotomous KeyKey

What is the identity of my What is the identity of my organism? organism? Yes or noYes or no to the to the following questions until you following questions until you STOP:STOP:

1a Tentacles present – Go to 21a Tentacles present – Go to 2

1b Tentacles absent – Go to 31b Tentacles absent – Go to 3

2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus

2b More than 8 tentacles – 32b More than 8 tentacles – 3

3a Tentacles hang down – go to 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 44

3b Tentacles upright–Sea 3b Tentacles upright–Sea AnemoneAnemone

4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish

4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 54b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.duewestcharter.bc.ca/images/Links/Sea%20Anemone.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.duewestcharter.bc.ca/Helpful%20Links.htm&h=803&w=1071&sz=95&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=u31TMeW8tnm4iM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Banemone%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DGGIC,GGIC:2006-38,GGIC:en
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Dichotomous Key


Taxonomy Classification of Organisms. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Species that

An endangered species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction.speciesorganismsextinction

Speciation Defined: evolution of new species from an existing species Species: group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

How do we group organisms? 1. 2 Classification 3 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This

In Order for Organisms and Species to Survive, They Must

Massive new animal species discovered in half-billion-year

Climate, Season, Types of Soil, Organisms and Species

5 to 100 million species of organisms on Earth. All organisms on Earth are genetically related

Evidence for Evolution. What does evolution mean? Individual organisms do NOT evolve; populations/species do. Individual organisms do NOT evolve; populations/species

Interactions among Organisms Types of Interactions Intraspecific relationship – organisms of the same species interact with one another Interspecific

Evolution. Definition of Evolution A change in species of organisms over time. A process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only

Classifying Organismstodhigh.com/.../wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Classifying_Organisms.pdf · A species is a group of organisms ... organisms by putting species together if they share

ECOLOGY ECOLOGY. Population A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular place that interbreed A group of organisms of the same species

Classification. There are 13 billion known species, but … There are 13 billion known species, but … Represents only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!

ORGANISMS CAN INTERACT IN DIFFERENT WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT IN DIFFERENT WAYS SURVIVAL OF ONE SPECIES MIGHT DEPEND ON ANOTHER SPECIES –SYMBIOSIS = relationship

Diversity of Organisms 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl

Vocab Population- group of organisms of the SAME species that occupies certain area Species- organisms that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring

There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived! New organisms are still being found and identified

1 Biodiversity: Preserving Species. 2 What is Biodiversity? Species: organisms that breed in nature and produce fertile offspring Species Diversity

Identification of Streptococcus species, Enterococcus species and Morphologically Similar Organisms,

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only_______of

1. 2 Classification 3 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms

1 Species diversity Species diversity: variation in types of organisms present in a community Components of species diversity –species richness: number

Kingdoms and Classification. Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organismsThere are 13 billion known species of organisms This

Water Quality Monitoring and Aquatic Organisms: The Importance of Species Identification · 2019-11-30 · Water quality monitoring and aquatic organisms: the importance of species

Classification of Organisms - University of Texas at … · Classification of Organisms ... Species -A group of organisms that share common characteristics and ... specific group

TAXONOMY. Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organismsThere are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms

Climate Effects on Species. Concept 52.4: Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of species Species distributions are

1 Classification Chapter 17. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms 1.75 million have been

Species Species: group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring – Different species rarely breed – Interspecies breeding often

SPECIES INTERACTIONS SPECIES INTERACTIONS. COMPETITION What do organisms compete for?

1 Classification. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that

Diversity of Organisms and Classification. Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species

Naturalizing Values: Organisms and Species; by Holmes Rolston III