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Case Study 2: Colorado Court

Architects: PUGH + SCARPACase Study prepared by J.Pazdon, F03



Design

Provides high-quality, sustainablehousing to extremely low-incomeresidents ± 44 single resident occupancy units ± Community Room ± Mail Room ± Outdoor common courtyard spaces @

ground level and 2nd level ± On-grade covered parking for 20 cars

and bike storage areas ± Electric vehicle charging station, 1

parking space per four units

First affordable housing unit in theUS to be energy neutral



Units are 375 ft 2

10 ft high ceilings

Operable windows and transomsfor natural cross-ventilation

Natural day lighting throughcourtyard design and windowplacement

Rent ranges from $337 to $386 per month



Building plan incorporates three branches providing cross ventilation streams

Ground floor plan

Upper level plans

Air flow



90% of the glazing is on the northand south facadesPV panels shade south glazingMinimum glazing on west façade

Light colored wallsParking spaces located underneath

building to reduce heat islandeffect

Air-conditioning needed in only oneoffice

S outh facade

West facade



Double-pane, low-E, krypton-sealed, high-efficiency glazingCompact fluorescent, low-mercury bulbs

Indoor and outdoor motion sensors for lightingrecycled blown-in cellulose provides R-21 insulation throughout the buildingR-30 insulation in the roof Compact, energy-efficient, non-CFC refrigerators



P hotovoltaics

Total Output of 28,560 WattsOutput is greater than the daytimepeak energy use, excess power sent to gridSouthern California Edison buysback this power at wholesale rateof $. 04 / kWWholesale rebate for electricitysent to grid is 4 times less thanwhat the owner pays for it



Natural Gas Fired Micro-turbine with Cogeneration Sy stem

Micro-turbine converts natural gasto electricity

Turbine programmed on from 7am to noon and 5 pm to midnight,shuts off automatically if energy

demand falls below a certain point

exhaust heat used to heat water and for space heating

conversion efficiency of 70%versus 30% delivered by the grid



Water

100% of the storm waterrunoff from the entire cityblock is collected on-site inan underground chambersystem and allowed topercolate naturally back intothe aquifer

All units have low-flow toiletsand shower controls

Interior water:650,000 gal/year(41 gal/day/resident)

Exterior water:150 gal/year(3.4 gal/year/resident)



Construction

Reinforced concrete ground floor supportslightweight timber frame for the upper storiesHigh fly-ash content concreteRecycled carpet materialFormaldehyde-free wood chip cabinets

Zero-VOC Acrylic L atex Interior PaintsRecycled newsprint insulationOwner paid an estimated $10,000 to havethe site¶s construction waste recycled.

H ard cost: $155 per sq foot



Annual Energy Use

Energy Demand Peak Use

Electricity 30 kWN atural gas 410 kBtu/hr

Cooling 0 ft²/ton

Connected Lighting .35 w/ft²

On-Site Renewables Energy Produced

PV 21,000 kWhSolar thermal 0 kWh

Wind 0 kWh

Micro-hydro 0 kWh

Biomass electricity 0 kWh

Biomass thermal 0 kWh

Other 0 Btu

Total 21,000 kWh

Fuel Energy Use End Use Energy Use

Electricity 0 kWh Heating 375,000,000 BtuN atural gas 1,173,000,000 Btu Cooling 0 kWh

Fuel oil 0 kWh Fans & pumps 30,500 kWh

Biomass 0 kWh Lighting 16,000 kWh

Other 0 kWh DHW 0 Btu

Total 343,700 kWh Plug loads 38,000 kWh

Other(Clothes Drying)

125,000,000 Btu

P eak Energy Use

2 1 kW/sq ft 1.3 kWh/sq ft

0.7 kW/unit9.3 kBtu/hr/unit

Predicted energy use data from D OE 2



Sources1. ³Colorado Court Project´ Santa Monica Green B uilding Program http://greenbuildings.santa-

monica.org/whatsnew/colorado-court/coloradocourt.html2. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: High Performance B uildings D atabase,

Case Studies: ³Colorado Court Affordable Housing.´http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/highperformance/case_studies/overview.cfm?Project ID= 188

3. Global Green USA Case Study: Colorado Court.http://www.livableplaces.org/resources/vlibrary/pdf/buildgreen-colorado-casestudy.pdf

4. B rooks, Angie and Raida, Robin. ³Colorado Court ± PV / Co- generation Case Study: 2003 MillionSolar Roofs Conference Call.´http://www.millionsolarroofs.org/articles/static/1/binaries/Colorado_Court_PV_Cogen_Case_Study.pdf

5. Milionis, Allison. ³Santa Monica Electric´ Architecture Week March 12, 2003.http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0312/environment_3-2.html

6. ³Energy Independence D ay: Colorado Court Affordable Housing by Pugh Scarpa Kodama´D esign Architecture. January 24, 2002.

http://www.designarchitecture.com/view_article.cfm?aid=

426



Van Geet Off-Grid HomeD enver, Colorado

Case Study prepared by T .T sujita, F03



D esign Philosophy and Climate D

esign Philosophy ± Setting a goal for a low-energy building before the design begins. ± D esigning the house as a single package where the components work together ± T ailoring the design for the local climate.

Location & Climate ± Primarily cold and sunny.

± 2835 m ( 9 300 ft) above sea level. ± 5345 heating ºC·days ( 9 623 ºF·days). ± Z ero cooling degree-days.

Initial Concerns ± Remote site with no utility connections. ± Economy: minimize energy costs. (thermal and electrical) ± Environmental impact. ± Operation and maintenance requirements. ± Simple, compact envelope design. (low surface to volume ratio)



Envelope D esignExterior walls: ± constructed of 8 in. dry-stack concrete blocks with 12.7 cm (5 in) expanded

polystyrene insulation on the outside. Below Grade:

± exterior of the 0. 9 1m (3 ft) deep stem wall is insulated with 5.1 cm (2 in.) of polystyrene

± 10.2 cm (4 in.) concrete slab is the floor on the lower level of the house.(intended that that this thermal mass would be used for storing daylight) (noinsulation placed underneath slab)

Roof: ± above the great room, kitchen, and dining room, insulated with R-38 ± Above the bedrooms, insulations was blown onto the prefabricated trusses, for

estimated net thermal resistance of R-40.

Windows: ± double pane, with low-e coating.



Heating and CoolingOverall

Thermal

Design of House: ± D irect gain passive solar (10% of floor area)

± T rombe wall (3% of floor area) ± High mass exterior walls ± Wood stove ± Hydronic backup heating system ( L PG)

± LPG range and clothes drier



Hot Water & Electrical SystemSolar

Domestic Hot Water System ± D HW heated by an active solar system with LPG backup.

± 11 m 2 flat plate solar, two 303 l storage tanks ± Pumps powered by a dedicated PV system (25 w) circulate a solution of

propylene glycol through the collector, underground piping, and heat exchangersinto storage.

Electrical System ± D aily load = 3.2kWh ± N ominal 1000 kW amorphous silicon PV array ± N ominal 42.7 kWh battery bank; effective capacity is 7.8kWh, or 58 hours of

average load. ± 4 kW inverter

± 7.5 kW LPG engine-generator set



Performance

A combination of monitoring and modeling was used to achieve the mostaccurate and meaningful analysis of energy performance possible.



Affordable Natural H ouse

Case Study prepared byD iane L oviglio, F03



Design



P assive Cooling Design

N o mechanical cooling. Roof overhangs shade the windows. T he over-sized roof ventilation channels keep the attic cooler, so less heat entersthe home. T he insulated shutters are closed during the day, keepingout the hot air.



P assive S olar H eating

Combines south-facing windows and skylights with air-core floor as the heatstorage mass, calculated to work together. Heat from the sun enters the homeduring the day and is stored for night time. High insulation levels, insulatingshutters and high-efficiency windows minimize loss of heat.



T echnolog y



E nerg y Recover y Ventilation³air-to-air heat exchanger´

ERV uses the stale outgoing (warm) air to heat the incoming (cold)fresh air.



Air-Core Floor

It is a passive solar heat storage feature. Solar heat from the south-facing windows and skylight is stored and distributed by circulating air

T hrough many channels below the floor slab. T he 4" (10 cm) thickbase layer of earthen floor mix contains a high proportion of gravel, for enhanced heat storage capacity.



Natural, low-pollution & low-toxinmaterials & techniques

Faswall foundationT imber framing

Straw-clayEarth plaster Earth floor Milk paint



Re-Used & Rec ycled-Content Materials

old sections of concrete slab

porous pavers

roof shingles

antique carved stone sections

06 north america

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