'Í0LERANC12~ ':rJt

KNEPH&~~~ :itazonit ~ou.rmd bchofeh fa frre !itmttntt nnh ~ Qilo50P2U of fge dLraft.

"Published b~ the Authority of the Boverelgn Sanctuary of the Antlent and Primitive Rite of Masonry inand for Great Britain and lreland.

EDITED BY THE GRAND INSPECTOR-GENERAL.

VOL. lIT. No. (). SEPTEMBER,1883.

EDVIARD STlllWElL & SON,WHOLESALE ~I.ANUFACTURERS OF

Masonic Fumiiure, Fitting», Cloihlng, Jewels,Swords, Chsrms, Rings,

Aud evcry requirement Ior all Degrees, includíng the

ti %l. s: l\l. Jltite,"~,..• GOlD LACEMEN AND EMBROIDERERS,

Army & Navy A.ccoutrement Manufacturers.

Price List Ol! applicaiion. All Orders pi'omptl!J executed."LIBERAL TERMS TO SHIPPERS."

mil',@sfa.6CisQmenfs af

25 & 26, BARBICAN, E.C., LONDON.6, LITTLE BRITAIN, E.C. "29, SAVILE ROW, W. "62, ARGYLE STREET, GLASGOW.

. 3, TRINITY STREET, DUBLIN., ,•.~,~..,

32° & 33°& 33°& 33°320 & 33°

E1>IBROIDERED CI)LLARS for 300 31°" COLLARET'l'ES for 31° 32°

WAIST SASHES for 31° 32°SCARF 01' 13ALDRICK for 30° 31°EMBROIDEltED COLLAR for 11°SWORD for , : 11°

" BELT & ]<'IWGfor 11°.1EWEL for 11°EAGLESfor , 31° 320 & 330

And al} other requisites for these dcgrecs, Price according. to CJ.uality,

JEWEL,<; Ior : :200 & 30°).[lNIATURE JEWEI.'S for 11° 20° 30° 11. Gilt 7/6

" S. Gilt 10J6" :::.::W 320 & 33° S. Gilt 11/6" .•... ;-" M. Gilt 8':6/';~~;.~.'.

."

" :: ..•.• o',

ESTABLlSHED 1851.

BlI!KI3ECK BA?-;K.-Southam)1ton Buildin;.\I, Chancerv Laue.c--Currcn tAccounts opened uccordtrur te the usual prectlce or other Bunkers, aud

Interese alluwed 011 thc rnlnimum mont hty batunces when not druwn beJow1:.25. No commission charged fur keeplng acccunts.c-ü'he Bank also receives)[onE:y 011 Deposit &.t 'I'hree per Ceut. In tereat , reparable on demand.-TheBank nndertakes lar us Custorners, free or charge, the Custody of Deeds,wrtungs, nnd other Securtucs and Vu}uables; lhe ColJeetion o( Bilis ofExchange, Dividends, and Coupons ; and the I'urchase nnd Sale of Stocksnnd Sharcs.c-Let.ters of Credi t and Oircular Notes íssued.i--A Pamphleb, wlthfull particulars on apptícauou.

31st )Ior.h, 1880.FRANCIS RA \'ENSCROFT, )!allager.

The Birkbcck Buitdinq Sacie/y's A¡¡nllal ReceiptsExceed: Fau)' JlilliaiUl.

HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GU1:iE.'S PER ~!ONTH,with Immediute Posscssion and no nent to pay.-:\!Jply ilt. [he Otfice

of the nU:KIlECK 1lt;ILDING SOCII::TY.

HOW TO PURCHAS!> A PLOT OF LAND FOn FIVE SHILLINGSPElt 110~'l'H,with Irnmedlate Pcssession, clther f01" Building OT

Gardeuing Purposcs.c-Applv :lt the OelcO or rhe lllHKBECK FJ~EEHOLDLAND SOCLETV.-A I'nmpulet, wi th íull parüculars, 00 cppllcarlon.

FRA>:CIS I~AVENSCROFT, Manasu.

Southamptnn Buildings. Chancery Lane.

MASONIC MARCH AND SONG,

ir Qtyt ~Jof1Jer of . jricnhsyi~."Daiicutcd: lo IV. 13r:0. J. H. SOUTHWOOD, 33° (P.M. & P.Z.

1260, Englaud), as a tokcn. of sincere "c(frmZ aild csteem,. by tlie Authors. '

,WORnS BY BRO. J. A. WADE, F.S.A.

(Ko. :2, S~at¡lliul).

l\IUSIC BY BRO. LOUIS HO~IG, 11°(Ladge aj Asaph, V19).

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS .

~ollboll :

PUBLISHED BY rrn: C01\IPOSEH,A'l' n rs AC.tDE\IY OF ~I¡;"II.·,·

725, COMlrERCIAL nOAD, E.

And to be obtained of

Mcssrs. S'l'lLLWELL & SON, 6, Litt!" Britain, E.C.

'1J

THE KNEPH.

~ n ti en tan b Jl r hn tt iue la it e D f fll a 51HH 1) •(ÜWLUSIVE OF ME~!"i'HIS AND l\lIZRAIM.)

THE degrees oí °this Rite are open to ull Master Masons in good standing. It teachos the Fatherhood of God, thcBrotherhood of Man, and the Immortality of the human Soul, Strictly unsectariau, it oflers an intellectual treatoí the highest order to the Masonic enquirer, whother he be a literal student oí Masonic history, 01' a philosophicalseeker oí abstruse truth. lt forms a pyramid whose base is that Universal Oran Masonry, wlrich has covered theGlobe, jts time-worn ascents are tlle Masonic virtues, its apex the seat oí eterna! truth.

.'"

OFl!'ICERS OF TH~ SOVEREIG SANOTUARY OF GREAT BRITAIN ARD lRELAND, 33-fl5°.M. Ill. G. Master-Geu., JOHK YAHKER, F.S.Se. ¡ Chevnlier of the HOl!o1"a?"!J.-

Constantinian Order of Sto George ; 33-%°, 90°, P.M. of al! M. Ill. Bro. AT.EXANnIm B. Mo r-r, !Ir.D., 33-DGo 90°, G.lII.ofOrders, 1't. Seno G. W. of Greece , P. Gd. Constnble of the America, 62, Madison Avcnuc, Ncw York.Temple, &c., &c. j HOIl. 33-9Go in Ameríca, Egypt, Italy, M.I11.Bro. FlmDlK.\KD Fr:AKC/i> 0111>1, F.S.Sc. Prof.,33-9Go,90··,Roumunia and Cariada ¡ WiLhington, Munchester. . G.M., SOy. Sanc., Cairo, Egypt .

. T. 1II. Gd. Adm.~Gen., SAMUEL P. LEATlmn, 33·95°, !l00, P.M.,P.M. lIIK., P.Z., P.E:O., &co; Pt. Prov. G. Chancellor ofthe Temple j Burnléy, Lancashire.

T.m. Gd. Keeper of Goltlen Bk., JAIlE7. N. HII~I~MAK, F.S.Sc.,o 33-9(i0 900, P.M., P.Z., &c.; Bedhampton, Havant.TI. mea. 'Expcrt-Gcu., MAURJCE L. D.H'IES, Ph. D., D.D.S.,

E'.S.Sc.,33·\J5°,900, P.M. P.Z. p.E.C.r.~J.w., &c., Hon. 33°Roumnnin, 10, Lower Sackville Street, Dublin, Ireland.

R. III. G.M. of Cer., H"~RY ~TEYEJ:, 33.95°,90°, P.lIr.W.,The Limes, Upper Clapton, London.

R. III. Gd. Insp.vGen., CUARr~EsMOKCK \YILSON, 33-95°, 90°, . '1'0 Itnly--P.M., &c., Rose Villa, North Strand, Liruerick, Irclnnd.

R. IIl. Bro. Trrouxs LA WREKCE SIlA w, S3-!)5. ° 90°, &c., &c.,Pt. Gd. Inspec.-Gen., College Bounds, Aberdeen, N.B.

R. Ill. Gd. Examiner-Gen., 'I'noarxs o MACI_!lLT. C.lMl'DELL,33- From Roumantn= ¿

95°, 90°, P.M., P.Z., &c., 10, Carrick Street, Glnsgow,R. III. Gel. Chanc.-Gen., JOSEPll HAWKINS, 33.95°,90°, G.M.L., 1'0 Canadá-e-

Roby, near Liverpool.R. Ill, Gd, Trons.-Gen., JOIlN HENRY SOUTflWOOD, F.S. Se., From Canadá-e-

33-95°,90°, P.M., P.Z., &c. ¡ os, Houndsditch, Londou.Ex).R. III. G. Keeper of Sanco A. D. LO'\\'ENSTARK, 33-95°, P.U, &c.V. TIl. Bro. CLYDE PUKCAN, . .33.95°, 90°, Trongate Glasgow,

G. M. of L., Assistant Grand Master of Cercmoníes.

~r.prr$ent<1tiuf~.

To America.-R. IJI. Bro. w». YOIIKCIlI.OO1l, 33.!lii°, G.·Ex.,430 Notre n:UlIC·st,~Iontre:¡l, Cnuada.

From Arnerica=- " " .1. 11. Sotrrn woo n, 33-DiJo, Gd. Tr.,98, l Iounrlsditch, London.

Tol'unis,' Africa-e-¿ N. S. CASSAl>I·;¡.1.0, ~f.!) ,K:)O,G.~r., Tunis.From Tunis=- "JOHN YAUKlm, 33.DGo, G.llf. WiLhills-ton.From ltaly- "C. ~l.WJLS()X, 3j.[J¡¡C, Hose Villa, North

Strand, Liruorick. Irclnnd." DE IIJ.UlINIS GEK¡;.U:') Gl';NEI\080 33"

Via Zuroli, 43 Naples. "'1'0 Egypt- " Pror.F.F.( )I.IIIJ, F.S.~c.;'¡;i·9(¡c;,G.M.C"iro.To Roumnnin- "Captain CO¡¡WI'A¡¡'J'IS" ;\YOlUOlT, 33°,G.~1.

Strndn Morfu, ~7, Buchnrest.I\IAU1UCI.~L. I)HIES, N.D.,a3·DiJo, ea.

Expcrt, Dublin." RODor nA~I;;AI', ~l.n., ]'L.D., 33-960

(;.111., Orlllia, Outario. '" JOSlU'U 1-1.\\1'''1'''5, '13·!l';0, Gd. Chane.

Roby, ncar Liverpool.LIJJRARY.-As the formution of a librnry for the AnLiellt and

Primitive Rite is in progrcss, donutions of Looks will be thank-fully reeeived. Brethron are rcqucstcd to ruldress thcir comomunications to Bro. JOIlK YAIUi.EH, 'Yilhillgton, 1I1allcJ¡ester.~~==~==========

'Q1jtanb -.llfjttc m:emplc.COUNCIL GENERAL, 3~-94°

PROVINOEoF LANCASHIRE & NOR'l'HERN COUNTIES.Ohartered. iea. Jlt?!C, lS·1;:.

ea Master of Light .' I'LL.°.Bno •• 1. HAWlCI/(S, 33-95'" Orator ,..oo. "CHAS. JAMES, 32-94°IJ Examíner " W. H. QUIU.IA~I, 32-94°" Annalist " RICHARU HlCu.ur, 32-94°,,'freasurei' ... "OHANNES A Nnm,AsIAN, 32.94'" Keeper of Rites" SQUIRE On.u'A1AN, 32.940" Ceryce or Expert '" ".TOHN Cnor.r., 32.91Q

Hydranos or 1\1.of O. RrcHARn HOLT, 32-940,-, Conducto!"... '" Tosr BRADSJlAW, 32.940" Guard of Oouueil " "JONATHAN G IlESTr 32.040

Past G. M. of Ligh.t ,,' B. R. LAmmr, 33.050Do. . " S. P. I.EATllER, 33.95°Do. JOBN YARKgl:, 33.95"

,. o Dcputy Reprcs, o " " F. n. Morr, Shcffield.',; ,,' " JORDA/( ASII,,"OR'l'II, Iliugloy.

With its GRAN,D .TRIBUNoAL, ·&e. Jlll1E'l'ING on theSUMUO~S sr the GRAND A~NALIST.

MANCHESlJ.'ER.No. 2,-Pa,latine 'and. Jerusal.em,-Chapter, Senate and

'0. .' o Oouneíl .. 0

R. lLL. BRO. J. R: Donsox, 30°, ],f. W.G: A.o HODINSON, 30° ,. S.G.C.

" P..TO~tJ.1NSON, 30", Sub Dai.o " Rrcnn, HWHAAT, 32°, Seco

lIfEETING at the GROSVENOH HOTEL, on FOURTH.MOND1\:Y EYKNINGS, 1tlON'l'HLY.

~nnür ~lD5f:ic Q0clltpfe.COUNCIL GENERAL, 32-94~

LONDON.METROPOLITAN

rrzr.n Al'

FREEMASONS' TAVERNGREA1' QUJo:EN STJ:EET, \Y.C.

Quarterly communícntlons in J ANUAln', APHIL JULYOCTODBIL "

OFFICERS.Gd, MI". of Light" Orator Oo

" TreasurcrExnrniuer

" Annnlistv. "

.J. 1I. Souruwoo n, 33°J-!¡';NIU" Ms r sn, 33°J. N. H1LI.MAN, 33°llml.!>I.II:11 .M.IHI.'oIl, 31°K. J!. 11. JllAC1>ENZIIl

LL.D., 32°.TAAII¡S 1111.!., 33°TJJO~U8 FltANCIS, 30·Enwa nu IIAR"lsoN,31°JOIfK lIAltIutioN, 31°Hx nn r TP.lcG, 32°Louis HONIO, 30°A. O. Muxno, 30"CORoG. AOA!!E8, 30°

t."o" Keepcrof Rites

" Expert ..." Conductor" Mr. of Ocr. "ti Guard o.. H "

"Ol'gnnist ..."" "Dep, Hepresentntive at París ...

" for South of Englallll

RT.V. " •'-

.,\. ·t·,"\. -,.

~~

KNEPH&~~o~'

~~~ THE~ Ilasnnu ~ournal hehrrftbía tge Jiteníure llnbIl!i1osop1¿u tú íge ~raft.

Pub\lehed by the Authority of the Sovereign Sanotuary of the Antient and Primitiva Hlte of Maaonry Inand for Great Britain and íreland,

EDITED BY THE GRAND INSPECTOR-GENERAL.

VOL. III. No. 9.

EAST AND WEST.

SEPTEMBER, 1883.

THE frequent combination of the term West with theterm East, would suggest it next in importance withoutits special consideration. The earliest inhabitants of tbeearth, no doubt, watched with eager eye and enrapturedheart, the·" greater light" as it ascended the sky, andadmired his mellow splendour spread over the West atthe close of the day. As the sun rises to open the dayin the East he sets to close it in the West. Thoughthere is a resurrection to life eternal in the CelestialLodge above, yet we must sink to repose in the grave,typified by fhe West. The same architect that at tbeBuilding of the Temple used to turn to the East at thedawn of day, te ask God's blessing upon his labours, atthe close of the day, turned his face to tbe West andthanked God for blessing them. A rectangle drawn sothat one end confronts the East, the other will be tothe We8t. Bence we say due E:\st and due West. Thepoint immediately before the light of the East is theWel!t. If we would observe the glories of the East, weobserve them from the West. No institution is worthyour patronage that is not for good. An institutionformed for the good of man should be firmly established,and with strength, to withstand the machinations ofenemies so avowed 01' pretended friends. Masonry isestablished for such a glorious purpose, and, that wemay not forget her iunnortality, the symbol of herstrength is placed in the West. "If al! tbe sciences rosein the East, they are spreading to the West, leadingcivilization and happiness in their train." HUTCH.LEC.XIV. The altar oE the Universe may metapborical!y besaid to b~ situated in a line between the East and theWest: How appropriate this would be j in the morn-ing, when about to enter on the active duties of life, itis certainly fit for us to bow before the altar, to:wardsthe great light, typical of tbe grea.ter and ha~owedaplendours of eternity. Equal!y so it is our duty ID theeveníng, to bow in adoration towards the same type,now.gorgeous in the West. The altar of Masonry is solocated in theory and in practice, It is well-known thatin 8piri~ the Masonic lodge is as long as the .distance

',froIÍl the East to the West, as far as practicable j andin~~¿¡ge-:room, the ~tar at which we. worship is

. '" . ~",' ' ~

in a direct line between the East and the West. ThatMasonic cbarity, which makes the chief round in theglorious ladder, is as extensive as the East ~s from theWest. It urges us to bestow our love and chief meed ofour affections upon the great giver in the East, and notforget to love our neighbours as ourselves, tilllove andpraise shall arise and make happiness and heavenlymelody abounding in the West. Peace and harmony areenjoined in the Wllst. No institution can withstand theassaults of anti-philanthropists and wicked men, that isnot founded in concord and harmony and maintainedUpOD such a basis. The enemies of Masonry are becom-inz envious of her progre ss and praise from good men,They are threatening another crusade against the p~aceand inherent rizhts of men of whatever land or clime.Such onslaughts have been futile, and ever will be, untilthe West is removed and Masonry is not what it is.

The sandstorms of centuries beat upon tbe firm pyra-mids of Egypt, but they are not moved j the mad wavesof ocean in wrathful fury driven, strike harmlessly onGibraltar's rocky coast-that impregnable key is notbroken. Yet when Oheops sha11have bowed its defianthead beneath the drifting sands, and meo forget it everwas . wheo Gibraltar shall have yielded to the waves,and 'the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic over it unre-strained this sincle point of Masonry will remain, andthe 10ft;, proud pillar oí power and strength will endureand continué to ornament the West. The purposes andmachiuations oí devils cannot thwart the counsels anddecrees of God, no more can schemes oí bigotry, insolence,and iguorance prevail agaiust Sil institution He has forages smiled upon and blessed. " The Lord demonstratesthat we are descended from the same stock, partake ofthe same nature, and share the same hope.. Lookwell to the We.st."-American Masonic Magazme.

"FOOLS HATE KNOWLEDGE."From. the Voice of Maso?lry.

" FOOLS bate knowJedge " saíd Solomon oí old, bot Jet ns ínterpelatetbe wordsfear and, and tbeo the senteoce will read, ~'F~ol.!eo.r andhoi« knowledge." If Solomon, in bis wisdom, conld l'rlth Jn.rtl~ sP':"'ksucb plain trntbs to tbe men ol tbat age, cannot tbey be spplíed Wlth

equa! force to tbe men oí tbe present ag. ? .~ ools hate knowledgo !" How terse the senteuce ! Anal15e lt

~

r-:JIIi

I 66 THE' KiNEPH.

as yon win-it remains the same, while its trnth is dísplayed in ouroveryday experiences.

If one will but turn his attention toward the lower ranks of man-kind, where ignorance and her co-worker superstition predomina te, hecannot fail of seeing it forcibly illustrnted in their vurions actious.The ignorant fear as well as haie the infusion of knowledge into theirabsurd brains; tbey seemingly strennously avoid all attempts towardsknowled~e, and why? Because new ideas would be sbown themwhich would changethe whole tenor of ~heir !ives. Supersiiiion. isthe outg"owth 01 ignorance; both the 1001's abiding place.

Webster defines FOOL as " one destitnte of reason; an idiot ; onewho acts absurdly." The epithet FOOL is one we are loth to applyto any one, especially those who are" destiuüe of "eason;" yet whenwe take the meaning of the word as it is given, we find that there isa elass to which it can be applied without detracting from its mean-ing, and that class is tbat portion of hnmanity "hose name as yet,fortunately, is not legion, but whose "very action iIlustrates thewhole meaning of the sentence, especially ths first word of it.

The class to which 1 refer is that bigoted, fanatical, foolish onewbo, calling thernselves a "National Cbristian Association," aliasanti-Masons, who, in their limited vision, see all the evils of whichhnman nature is he ir developcd in the members of the Masonic Insti-

. tntion. In their extreme selfisbness they are not willing to so see,much less appreciate, any of the good things of which Masonry is "0repleta, The question arises, wbat has Masonry done that it shouldmerit such dennnciations as it has received from its traducers ? Wehave often attempted to answer the question in our own mind, but sofar unsatisfactorily, yet we have fonud the exsct reverse of what theyassert, What they claim as facts, we have found to be devoid oí evena semblance oí truth.

Amoog tbe absurd accusations brongbt agaiost us is the one ofbeing opposed to Christianity, conpled with that of atternpting tooverthrow free government. To aoy one who lays any claim towardsintellectuality, such assertions are the very height of absurdity. Inwhat respeet does Freemasonry oppose Christianity? Win some"crank" please eulighten me? 1 never yet have seen one that issntisfactory, or even one whieh the facts do not directlv refute.

While the most ardent admirers of tbe Masonic Institution will notfor a moment claim that it is a religious institution, in the sense oíattempting regeneration of the soul, yet we do clairn tbat it is a co-worker with Relígion in its attempts to rescue fallen humanity frorothe degradation of sin. The foundation of Christianity is looe DiDeity and peace towards men. The Fatberhood of God and Brother-hood of Man prodnces Chanty, or Leve, and "a due reverence forthe Deity and his works."

One of the fundamentallaws of Masonry, whieh canuot be revokedor laid asido by the seeker after light, is an nneqnivocal belief in theDeity. He mnst so declare or for ever remain in darkness as to thebeauties of Freemasonry.. He can stand ala,- off and view it, bulnever approach il. If Masonry i. thus strcnnons in causing itsme¡nbers to declare their belief in Deity, does it not at once show theabsnrdity of the charge that it is unchristian? It would seem thatit wonld t{) any one with an unbiassed mind.

" Bnt," says my anti-MasolÚc friend, " tbat is not so; you cnnnotmention an instance." Wait a moment and 1 will prove that it is.Tha Grand Orient of Franee said, a felV years since, that belief inDeity is not essential to Ma¡¡onry. She promulgated that doctrineand what is her Masonic status to-day ! Any well·informed l\1aso~\Vil! say that she has none. She stands alone and unrecognized bythe Mascnic Fraternity over the whole world; cnt off from her fel!owsand declared unworthy of the oame of Ma801l. In denying the essen-tiality of Deity she divested herself oí .11 vestige of Masonr\'. Inthis instance the ban of non-intercoursa was rightconsly enforced.Does not that prove that Masonry is no! opposed to Christianity! Ifit were wonld the Masonie world condemn the acts of the GrandOrient of France as it does? Most assnredly noto

The mission of Masonry is peace towards all. Man in his flercestrnggles for power, or in the advocaey of some issue, resorts to theusa of the slVordas the arbitrator of his disputes. Ev~n the Churchhas Bot been slow.to use it ;. but! has Masonry ever called upon thosWOl'd as tne arbltrator of ItS dIsputes? Its members have suffereduntold pel'secutioDS by its fallatical enemies; what is tbe result ofthóse att~cks? Freemasonry is only the more firmly planted in tháhe~rts of Its fnends, and stands to-day as 3n iostitution unequalledby any, save the Chureh of God. Its members follolVsilence and cj,·.cumspectiqn. It advocates brotherly love and iu its every act abidesby. that law.. If its mi:>sion is peace, if its members mnst profess

faith in Deity, if morality is its aim, can there be the least justiee inthe assertion that it is uucbristian? It seems to me that tbere oughtto be but onc answer, viz., tha: _it is not opposed ID C/II'iSlianily ina••y form, w01'd 01' acto .

Again, Masonry is accused of attemptlng. to destroy free govern·ment, which is equally as absurd an accusation as the others, Oneof the charges to the neophyte says : "In the State yon are to be apeaeeful subject, true to your government and jnst to yom eountry,"and "to eonform with cbeerfulness to the government of the countryin ,;hich yon live." What more is wanted? 1 defy any one to pointto any instance where the Masonic Fraternity, as snch, has everattempted to meddle with political affairs, Very true many of it8members hold high officeunder government, bnt was it Masonry thatgaya them that offica? No; it was their own peI'sonal uiorth;Masonry, as such, had noth~ng te do with it. Because 1 am aMasón, and the Government glve me the honours and emoluments ofoffice, does it by any means go to shew that Masonry gavc me thatoffice? Yet, fanaties say that Masons hold all the high officesin thisfree government of onrs. We know that they hold many of tbem,but it was the intellectllal ability oí thc man, not his standing as aMason, that ¡;ave him that office. Perhaps we can make this boast,viz., tbat in intellectuality we stand above our friends (? ) the nntis;such being the case it wonld only be natural that men of intellectshould fiU positions of honour and trust.

Let me give a few facts, in the shape of statistics, for unbelieversto digest, if for no other reason than to prove how foolish and suicidalwe would be to even attempt to destt·oy free government. .Accordingto the censns of 1880, we have in the United States a population of50,152,866. While the Masonic statistics for the sarue year show amembership of only 545,887. Aecording to these figures we findthat there is one Mason lo ninety-two inhabitauts of the United State s,Now. that one Mason, agninst ninety-two who are not Masons, is tobe the means of rexolntionizing the country-overthrowing thegovernment and destroying Christianit)'. Thcy must think tbat tbeMasonic 1nstitution is iuvested with snperhuman power to performsuch miracles, aud as the days of miracles are passed, they can .safelyset it down that "il can', be done."

At the prcsidential election in 1880 there were 9,219,94.5 voteseast íor all the candidates (Phelps included), which would be a ratioof abont ono Masonic vole lo seu•••tee•• who are not Masons, yet thatone Mnsonic vote is to be the means of connterbalancing seventeen.Was ever snch folly heard of? Candidly, OOW,are not such state-ments, as overthrowing the government, absurd in the extreme?Fools fear knowledge as well as hate it.

Again, it is estimated that there are 92,011 ehnrches; 76,242ministers aud 15,136,198 members of a11 denomiuations' prot~ssingChristianity in the United Stutes alone, whieh would he abollt theratio of ono },fason lo evel'y tWeluy-eigltt chu,'c/, JIlelnbers, six .Masonslo et,ery churcl., andjive },{aso, •• to every minisle,·. O my-! thatone solitar)' Mason to twenty-eight church mcmbers is c.~p.bl. ofoverthrowing Christianity; six Musons to every chw'ch are to turothat ehurch into " den of iniquity; llnd fil'c ~Illsons to every mini.terhave the powcr to dest.roy that minister's fnith in his God. Verilythe Masonic pOlVcrmllst be something fcarfnl to uchold. Why thatOliOpoor louely Mason must have his powcr dclegntod from "theprince of darkness Itimself;" no substitutes there.

Tbe above comparisons are given sitnply to sholV holV perfec.tlyabsurd ~nti.masonic statements are; how devoid of truth, and hownonscnslcal they must appcar when brougbt down to tbeir I'ealmcan-ing! Come now, you fanatical "crnnks," aeknowledge that "foolshate kuowledge," for any one is a downright fool tbat \ViIIadvocatesuch absurd doctrines as that Masons are destroyers of ¡!;overnments,or strive te overthrow Christianity. Were they for a moment toattempt such a course their defeat \Vonld be as instantaneons as itwould be overlVhelming, !lnd a just one it \Vould be, too' but sueh isnot the iutent or design of Masonry, no" will it e\1C1'be. ' .

We find many instances where OUl'opponcnts are gui1ty oí tbe samaactions of which they accuse US; 01'to use a slallg expression, where ..they attempt to "run the machine." Wbat \Vas the crnsade of 1826bnt an attempt b)' political shysters to get iuto power by the meansoí that hugbear, aoti-masonry. Sometimes they ha.e succeeded;but suppósing that they have, who cares? That we do not is cartaÍD.Musonry, as such, makes no issne on political guestions any.more than'it does on strictly religious OMS. lt is not its creed; we do ootb:lie~e in it; bnt we do opp08e it by stl'Íctly forbidding snch discUtl·Slon lD om Lodge·rooms.

The teoets of M~son·ry are Brotherly Love, Relief'and 1l'utb j Dot '

•. 1,f.··

~r¡fI1íE publish ll: curi.ous article ~ another. 'fiAYf( colurnn which grves a graphic descrip-tion of the various governing bodies of the

. "Ancient and Accepted Rite" ;n the other sideof the Atlantic. It is a matter of deep regretthat Masons should so far forget the duty theyowe to others, and the respect they owe tothemselves, as to ex:communicate their brethrenand .fenow-co~trym~n, _and hol.d them up topubhc op~roblUm wlt~ the object oí simplyendeavourmg to establish the superiority overall others of 130me one 01'other Grand Body withwhich they themselves happen to have becomeconnected, utterly unmindful of the injury theydo to the good name of " Freemasonry," as wellas of the 80rry figure they all present to outsidersin the Craft, many of whom form their ownjudgment upon the confl.icting claims of theseveral Bodies engaged in this unseemly conflict,and from the jealousies evinced by the membersengaged in the strife, draw conclusions adverseto the claims of all High Grade Masonry upontheir sympathies and masonic knowledge. TheGrand Liberal Confederation of the Order knownas the "IMPERIAL GRANDCOUNCILGENERAL,"

: formed under the late Illustrious Brother Generalli Garibaldi, was projected with the view óf allow-iII ing all the various High Grade Bodies to coalesce¡jj¡jl with each other on equal terms, no matter under" what Rite 01' Charter the Bodies held warrant.ii' Several Grand Bodies in both hemispheres have:. aIready come into the Confederation, and we.,*' strongly urge all the various "Memphis and

! Mizraim" Grand Bodies to sink their differences;~: and see if they cannot all join tcgether under!ti." the Confederation for the common good and'.~ advancement of Freemasonry all over the world.~ , The little differences still existing between our~: Grand Bodies both in Europe and America are~~- only differences between individuals and small~ÍIJII. confl.icting claims between Grand Bcdies deri-~_.. .ving authority from different independent sour-iJA,'\ ces, the heads oí whom have granted warrants¡,l,,~' ,conferring jurisdiction over conterminous areas.'~~l - It would be better no matter at what present~ ~ . personal and ..corporate inconvenience to allow..,,~ .1 all these claims in both new and old worlds to~ . . be adjusted sooner than that the joint Orders oír"; ~~1"'"Memphis and Mizraim" should ever run the

... ~

119

risk of presenting such a son-y spectacle beforeall m~ll as that heId up to our view by ourAmerican cotemporary when describing thestate of brotherly leve and charity in which our"Ancient and Accepted" brethren live in bisportion of the globe.

WE publish an engraving of the " Universal Hiero-glyph" which has been undergoing description inseveral of our back numbers. This engraving may beconsidered in the Jight of a tracing-board or pictureput together with the view of reminding a lecturer ofthe various subjects which he has in succession tolecture upon to his hearers, and also to put individualMasons in mind of the various subjects they havebeen taught in these lectures so delivered to them.From this point of view all such old engravings ormasonic designs are valuable, as they explain clearlyto the initiated the extent to which masonic knowledgeor teaching had advanced at the date of the picturein the part of the world where it was produced.

AT DAGGERS' POINTS.

THERE are six Consistories of Ineffable "MasonicPrinces" in these United States, eaoh presided over by a"Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander." Theseare;

First--The Supreme Grand Conncil, thirty-tliird aud IlIStdegreeof the Anclent and Accepted Scottish Rite of Masonry for iheUnited States of America, as organized by T. L Joseph Cernean.

Second-Tbe Supreme Grand Council, thirty-tuird and so forth,for the Nortbern Jurisdiction of the United States of America, nsorgnnized by De la Motta a.nd Gourgas.

Tbird- The Supreme Grand Conncil, thirty-third, etc., etc., forthe Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, nlso organized byDe la Motta and Gourgas.

Fourth-e-The Supreme Grand Conocil, thirty-tbird, etc., ete., fortbe habitable world generally, organized aüer tbe Cernenu-De laMotta-Gourgas-Councils.

Fifth-The Supreme Grand Council, thirty-third, ete., etc., alsofor tbe world at large, founded by the Duke of Medina and Sidonia,Commander of the Spnnísh Armado, ar:d

Sixth-Tbe Most Supreme Most Grand Circum-.A.mbient, thirty-tbird, for colored folks of tbe planetary system, founded unaní-monsly by Ham.

THBSE SIX: SUPREME GItAND COUNCILS

represent six armies of fire-eáting pundits, who, led onby their Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commanders,wage with each other an eternal warfare, The CerneauIneffables in chronic order of battle against the Southemand Northern Jurisdiction Consistories, who have pooledinterests. The De La Motta-Gourgas-Clam-ChowderIueffables form a small irregular army of camp followersthat scoop in the drummed out, the deserters and themaimed from the bellígerent armies. The SpaniahArmada troop fights on the Donnybrook Fair principles,smashing a head whenever a chanca is offered. The Cir-cum-Ambients stand, in awful dignity, severely alooffromthe bush-whackíng fray.

TRE CAUSE OF THE UlISEEMLY STlUFE

may be ezplained in a word : It is a question of author-ity. Which of the consiatories .inherits jurisdiction JWhich is "the original Jacoba'i " At present th~c;<lR-

'10 THE KNEPH.

its doors and gone peacefully to sleep, He knew that ithad been recognized by the Grand Orient of France ; hewas cognizant of the doctríne that "a Supreme Councilof the 33rd, once formed and constitutionally established,is always considered in existence while a single memberof that body remains alive, and that a lawful SovereignGrand Inspector General of the 33d degree, once ap-pointed, is so for life," and he resolved to despoil theCerneauites while they peacefully slumbered. So heplayed his little game, and "got the Grand Orient ofFrance into aro acknowledgment of his own particularlyinherited Supreme Council.' Hence it came to pass thatin 1829 the Gourgas Council appeared in the annualreport of the Grand Orient and tbe Cbarleston Councilin the year 1830. When the Cerneau men awoke fromtheir slumber

"the only legitimate Supreme Grand Council in theUnited States.' The Gourgas men pursued the eventenor of their way, dividing the United States into twosections of j urisdiction and creating historian s andgenealogists as they went along, The Grand Puissantpundit, historian, and J oseph Smith, of the De La Motta-Gourg~s factions is Albert Pike ; that of the Cerneauites,Illustrious Brother Folger, who in latter and more de-gener~te days, with lllustrious Brother Thompson, hasorganized an Independent Most Puissant SovereirnGrand Council, to whose fold all disaffected Cave ~fMedullah In.effables are welcome. Contemporaneously

IN 1761 A CERTAIN STEPHEN MORIN there has ansen the Most Puissant Sovereizn Grandleft Franca for America with suggestions from the Grand Council at the HotelSt. Omer, Boston, bearing "'date Feb,Orient to increase and multiply sublime Masonry wher- 19,] 883, and having for Most Puissant Sovereign Grandever he listed. In 1 'í 69 Morin was in Kinzston Jamaica' Commander, E. de la Granja, of La Mancha, in Spain.the new Masonic light had been hoisted, a~d he w~ The encyclicals from this new Ineffable Sec are livelydeputizing other emissaries to increase and multiply otber reading. "To all Brethren, of whatever dearee of tbeconsistories. One of these so-ealled Deputy Grand Accepted Scottish Rite, wherever and whenever found~pectors General, Joseph Cerneau, by name, arrived in upon the face of the Earth," the Most Puissant D. de laNew Yo~k from Cuba in August, 1806, and Iounded "A GranjaproclaimsM~st Puissant Sovereign Grand Consistory of Supreme THE J'OLLOWING PROPOSITIONS :Chiefs of Exaltad Masonry," of which ha was the Most F' Tb bP' t S . 1fS~-.. at t e co.nstit.yti?nof 1762 for tbe government of

uissan overeign Grand Commander. Amon" those Sove~elonGrand ~O~slstorles18 ~ mythical and spuriousdocument ,attra~ted were De Witt Clinton, Cadwallader D. <>Colden, ~bntIt was J1~:verI~tlfiedat ~erllll, as Albert Pike avers, and that:Martm Holfman and other New York notables. During 1t8 alle~ed rat,fic.atlonthere ISa mere pretence and a gross attemptth . d f hi li to deceíve confidíng Masons.

e re.malD er.o I.S fe Cerneau kept zealously at work S d rf d econ - hat all three documents-" New Secret Institutesand.oun ing consistoríea, Other missionaries went forth Base~,': the Grnnd Ccnstitution of 1786 and the Appendix- to uselOto. the renumerative field. De La Motta. establishsd Gr~nJas own language, are" false, spurious, and forged documentsan independent Sovereign Grand Consistory, Even in which :ere n.ever signed, issued, or npproved by Frederick the~ose da~1 the ineffables of the Cerneau and De La Motta Grent o"Prussía, as pretended; that Frederick the Greut was onlynval factlo.ns w.ere in the habit of hurlinz anathemas and a Master Mns.onnnd took no interest in Free Masonry for mam_ y.earsbeforehis death." J

excom~uDlca.tJOns at each other. In 182'; the anti- . Thi~d-That the first Supreme Conncil cver known was estab-:UasO~llCMorgan excitement broke out, when lodues ceased hshed 10 1801 at Charlestcn, in the SIate of South Cnrolina "by aworking and '" few u?autltorized peddling JeW8; that the said lirst S'up.reme

BECA.ME EXTlNCT Counciland all others.emnnating from it, and pnrtieularly the so-h ,ealled Su~remeCouncilsfor tbe southern and northern .urisdiclions

e apters ~~d encam?ments followed suit. Hence. in of the UnitedStntes, are fraudulent, illegal, sud clandes¿ne bodies,"1828 the Most Puissant Sovere~!!ll G d Co .followed suit and shut up shop si~ledir:n ws ns~torr' . 80ME TU1E 'SINCE,Motb institnted what he called hi S· en e a Most Puissanb Sovereign Grand Commander issued anLod 18 upreme Grand eDcycJe t b f th A .ge, one John James Joseph Gour"as wa h' G d . . o ~em ers o e nClent and Accepted ScottishSecretary General. This body had becomes e~~inc~~ ~lte m, hlCh he ~id: "The persistency in wrong doing1818, hut Gonrgas was an eDterprisinu ..h j' f certam persons In several States, to peddle for gainmemor¡. HelllLwtha.ttheCerneauConsÍl!~m:d~~k~ degre.es w~ch t~ey alleged to b~ the regular A.'. A.'.

'~ - "''''0'''';,';'; ",~~.o,~h Rl~e,. mduces the Suprem~ :.Council of the:' ;..:~¡!.>:~f.-.':, - ..

'. ~,

test promises to last as long as the Wars of the Roses ~rthe Punic misunderstandings. One supreme eouncilspeaks oí its rival as "utterly illegitimate and spurious."The other elevates the index ñnger of scorn and pointsto "a. monument of Masonic shame,' You peddledegrees for gain !" yells one Most Puissant Grand Com-mander. You utter "a vapid and diephanous Iibel ! ••ahrieks his most illustrious brother and opponent. "Youare fraudulent, illegal, and clandestine bodies, illegiti-mately kept up for the purpose of deceiving the crafb andobtaining money under false pretences," cries anothereonBistory. "The calumny, misrepresentation and libel,"of our opponents, críes one. "The perfidy, sophistriesa.nd quibbles of the profane," howls another.

Let us try to tell the story of the strife in as few wordsas pcssible.

What are known as the bigher degrees of Masonry, upto the twenty-fifth degree, were invented by the Jesuits,the Red Cross degree being a sort of mystic epítome ofthe Romish religion. The signs and words of some ofthe other degrees were instituted in the time oí the Sbuartpretenders, and enabled Bonnie Prince Charlie and hisdescendants in safe ex.ile to maintain secret communica-tions with their adherente in the British Islands. Theseseattered "Ineffable Degrees' were gradnally unifíed intothe Rite of Perfection 01' Scottish Rite, the Grand Mas-ter was Count of Clermont of fue Blood Royal of France,and the regular communications of the order used to beheld in the Jesuit College at Clermont.

THEY ·PROCL.AIMED THEMSELVES

. ~ ~¡",', ..;

~".,';

.•,~... ~'r

TRE KNEPR.

N orthern Masonie Jurisdiction to issue this warning anddeclaration," ete. This was aimed at the Cerneau Section.under the Grand Command of Most Puissant SovereignWiIliam H. Peckham, "1 cannot too urgently require,"says Most Puissant Sovereign Palmer, of the NorthernJurisdiction,

"That no loophole muy be left open in our defences by whichthese people may find access to onr assemblies. The fact that menwho occupy or have occupied high stations in other branches ofthe frnternity have allowed their names to be connected with theseillicit combinations, should be no warrant to yon for the admissionof their proteges. Bar and bolt your doors, and, counting a stainas worse than a wound, see to it, every one of you, that the port-cullis be only raised when Ihe trumpet summons outside has thetrue ring of legality. Iudifference on this point is our only danger,and it wil! depend upon ourselves whether we keep watch andward against tbe enemy, or by our own carelessness allow oursauctuaries to be invaded by the profane."

HERE DE LA GRANJAsteps in and asks: "By what right, title, or privilege doyou claim the monopoly of peddling for gain the degreesof the Rite in several States 1 ls there anything moreregular, more ancient, or more Scottish in your peddlingthau in the peddling of the other brethren ?" Withoutentering into any controversy in favour of either theCerneau Council, organized Oct. 27, 1807, or the De LaMotta Council, Aug. 5, 1813, he pronouuces both illegal.

AS TO THE ORIGINALof the now famous Pike-Palmer Constitutions, with the"New Secret lnstitutes and Bases," and an appendix, allbearing the same date, May 1, 1876, alleged to havebeen granted 01' approved at Berlin by Frederick theGreat, Most Puissant Sovereign De La Granja avers that

"They have never been seen by the mortal eye, excepting, itmay be, tlie maternal and loviog eye of Albert Pike, at the time oftheir translation, if, iudeed, even he had them in sight at tbe time,because 1 should not be at all surprised should 1 ever learn thatPike translated them from memory 01' imagination."

Be that as it may, these documents are in perfect order,without a sentence, word, or letter being missed-all butthe signatures ; perfect in every part except in those por-

. tions where it was most important that they should havebeen perfecto This misfortune Albert Pike explaíns inthe following note:

"The asterisks mark the place of certuin signatures that havebecome illeg! ble or been elfaced by attrition, or by tlie effect of sea-water, to which the original duplicate of these documeuts, writtenon parcLment, has several times been nccidentally exposed."

MEANTIME THE CERNE~U MENare making it exceedingly lively for the "sea-water"Constitution brethren. Most Puissant Sovereign GrandCommander Peckham, ayear since, founded a SupremeGrand Council for the Dominion of Canadá and Proviuceof Newfoundland. Members are coutinually desertingfrom the "sea-water" side to the Oerneau Council, andMost Puissant Sovereign Pike and Palmer are kept busyanthematizing and excommunicating the skedaddlers fromtheir ranks. 'l'he Cerneauites have 800 paying iueffablemembers in New York alone, and are represeuted at theGrand Orient of Paris by Ill. Bro. James Stickney, thesecretary of James Gordon Bennett, and another ambas-sa:dor, Claudius F. Beatty, is on his way across to theGrand Orient to help Stickney to get up a big Cerneauboom. . Moreover, on the 6th day of September next,MostPuÍllsant Sovereign Grand Commander Peckhamand bis army of 800 willarray themselves in gorgeous

regalia and proceed in a body with the various Frenchsocieties in the city to decorate the statne of Lafayette, oneof the Cerneau Most Puissant Past Grand Oommanders.Consequently, the "sea-water" crowd feel green and un-easy, aud Albert Pike, it is said, proposes to come toGotham, for the purpose of trying to restore peace, har-mony, and, if possible, unity.-Sunday Mercury (N. Y.,July 29, 1883).

"Can such things be and overcome us like a summer'scloud without our special wonder."-Leiley Cltain.

We see that Australia is about to set up in the MasonicWorld upon its own independence as a Grand Lodge, andhas just declared herself free from the control of England,Ireland, and Scotland, to which jurisdiction she hashitherto been a provincial Grand Body,

HISTORY.DEAR SIR AND ILLUSTRlOUS BROTHER,

1 should like to venture a few remarks upon thepamphlet now appearing in "Kneph," being IIn abridgment oi thehistory Di the Rite of Memphis in Egypt.. Owíng to theMasonic documents of Egypt beiug chiefly in Italian, Masonicstudents hitherto have had very Iittle opportunity of postingtliemselves up in tbis branch of Masonry, As it is the specialbusiness of "K"eplt" to collect all the historieal iniormationthat can be gatbered in all countries, and thus fouod a salidbase for the Rite, our members would necessariJy be muchpleased ii the Memphis Grand Orient in Egypt would forwardus auy information that they can collect from their archives.Most Ill. Isro, F. F. Oddí, 33-97°, is an accomplished Eoglishscholar, and it is to be hoped that he will aid •.Kneph" in thiswork. In this light, copies of Patents No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3,mentioned at page 52 (vol. iii, No. 7), wouJd be especially in-teresting and useful,

In tbe Egyptian pamphlet now in course of publication, intranslation under date 1838, it is implied that the fatber ofJ. E. Marconis was then dead. This suppositioo does not seemto be accurate, as "Gabriel Mathieu Marconis de Megre, Rentier,"is said to be a mem ber of " Lodge de Osiris," at París, June 2 J ,1838, (vide the history attached to our own Constitutions).

Agaín, under date 1862-1866, it is asserted in the Egyptianpamphlet that Marconis had resigned the oflice of Grand Hiero-phant to the Grand Oriento 'I'his seems scarcely consístentwith facts. He resigned the Grand Mastership of the Craft tothe Grand Orient, but retained the office of Grand Hieruphantuntil his death. The strongest prooi of thís is the iact that hecontinued tu sígn documents of the Rire, and 00 the 5th Dec,1868 a circular was issued informing all bodies in the Universeof , ••the death of our Most IIlustrious Graud HierophantMarconis de Megre. . . . lll. Bro. .Ioubert is charged withtbe duty of iniorming you of the steps tuken in regard to thedeath of the Grand Hierophant." It is clear, therefore, thatMarconis retained the Grand Hierophantship until 18SII. Itwould be interestíng to know the date of the l:'atent oi theMarquis de llauregard, as a G. 11. 96~, as in the peculiar cir-cumstances of the case the Grand Híerophantship would besupposed to devolve on tbe senior 96°, or the actual Gd. Masterof a League.

'I'he respective Patents of América and Egypt stand thus:-"ulERlCA. E(}YPT.

90° chartered May 7, 1856. 90° chartered, ? Pat. I.9io ,,' Oct. 7, 1857. 9io " ? Pat. 1I.1856.950 Sept. 3, 1862. 95° " ? Pat. 1Il.It is a piey our Egyptian frater does not give his -dates and

Patents iustead of entering into a disquisition of tbe legality ofMarconis resigning, an oflice which he never did resign. W henthe Grand Orieut of Frauce gave up the Rite on tbe death.ofthe Grand Hierophant in 1868, only two powers had the Riteregularly, namely A~erica and Egypt; and,if t?e Pateut oiBauregard is of earher date than Seymour s ID 1862, Le(Bauregard) clearly be~e Grand Hierophant. Will FraterOddi lec us know about th18 ?

r·e:::::t

72,THE KNEPH.

who could not write. It was, indeed, the symbolof an oathfrom its holy associations, and generally the mark use~. <?nthis accouut Mr. Charles Knight, in his notes in the " PictorialShakespeare," explains the expresa ion of " God save the mnrk 1"as a form of ejacnlation approaclung to th.e charaete: oí al! oath.'I'his phrase oceurs three or more times !TI the plaj s of S~I~e-speare, but for a long tirne.was left by the commentator 1Il itsoriginalobscurity.-Exallt1nc7·.

We have also a member in Paris, m. Bro. A. O. ~unro, 5,Rue Clairant, who takes an interes~ in '!S, and h~ might pro-bably be able to procure ua interestmg mforma~!On fr~m th.eSecretary of the Grand Orient, if he would kindly grve hisvalued nttention to the point. ." .

It is noteworthy that whoever was the leadmg spirit m re-ducing the Rite to 33°, he has not met with unqualified succese-Egypt has remained i~ithful t~ the o!d nomenclature. ~rneJ:lcans,like ourselves have glven their bodies the option of elth.er ~vorlc-ing the 30° ~r 90° system. This is very easy, 'as lt símplygives certaiu grades of the 30° . ritual the power of conferrmogby name and secrets the missing degree; to make .up the 90 .:It seems probable that in the end the 90 system will predomí-nate and it might be useful to publish in yonr pages, f~r theassistance of Chapters, Senates, and Couneils, the partICulardegrees which each of the 30o rituals ha ve the power to add.

HISTORICUS.

THE. ALLSEEING EYE.

Erom. a fortkcoming Volume, entüled "A HU71d"ed }.[a,sonuSonnets," by Bro. GeD'l'geMa"7cha7li Tweddell.

" Gon is all eyes," the wise old Reman" said ;And in all ages His unceasing careFor all His creatures eaused men ev'rywhere,By natural piety and wisdom led,.'1'0 picture forth the Great Allseeing EyeAs symbol meet of wat.chful Deity.'Twas used in Egypt's far antiquity ;Greece, Rome, aud ev'ry antient MysteryWisely preserved the emblem. From them, weAccepted it with gratitude. When sleepDoth on each toil-worn mind and body creep,To renovat.e our strength, our God on highEver keeps wakeful watch : the darkest nightIs to that Eye c1ear as the noontide light.

Bis laws pervade all space : ti we obey,TIJen happiness is ours; ti we rebel,We bear in our own souls a buroing hellOf misery to scoreh us : we must payTl1e utmostpenalty : He strikes in lóve,For anger' is, unknown to the Most High.Unchangeable His laws , iu vain we cryTo be exempted. We have but to preveOurselves ñt for Bis rnereies, to receive.That ever·watchful Eye, high over all,Sees thoughts as well as actions : if we fallFrom righteousness, then wantonly we leaveThe flowery paths of truest hnppiuess-> _For Vice will curse, anel Virtue ever ii.TI.s~\

'<9. •*PliIlY· .., \

22DE8.> I

Rose Cottage, Sw7ceslcy, yo,·lcshi,·c. ~. • ¿,\~I"::!..(.rS~;9/

LlGHT."Aad ELOHIM said ! light be; and Light was."

To the Modern Masón ns to the Ancíent Philosopher thephenomena of Light is a subject tbat engages his earliest nttention,and continues to inspire him with wouder nnd interest as he pro-secutes his travels through the mystic pnths of 5cience tcwards thegrent manifeatntion of li.gb~ which aw~it5 hi.m n~ the end.

lt ís, however, only In its connexion with íts eff~ct upo.n theanimal and vegetable world that we propose to consider It In thepresent paper. .. . .

Light, the foremost of the great triad, (~Ight, Hea~, Electl:lclty)is among the most important of the Vital energres. Withoutlizht the infusoria will not develop-without light the plant withers,a~d no nmount of air, 01' hent, or moistnre wil! cause it to grow-deprivcd of light it is deprived of food. It is in light nud Iigbtnlone that planta deoxodise Carbonic Acid, serting free the Oxygenwhich can then be hraathed by animals, nnd relensing the carbónnecessnry for its own growth.

'I'he leaves of plants become green durin¡:; this proccss. Renr 11plant in darkness nnd its leuves wíll be colonrlesa; brin~ it iutosun-light and the leaves iustautly bcgin to decompose CnrbouicAcid nnd become green.

From light the coal tields cnme and to Iight they rcturn, Frornlight carne tbe pralrles and mendow Innds, the reedy 8wnmps andheathery moors ; the solernn forest and the smiling com-ficlds andorchards.

And light nffects the respiration of animals in thc same ",ay thatit does planes.

In the day-tim ••we expire much more CnrbonicAcid than we doduriag the night. This is not the effect of sleep, for aman aleep-ing in the day-time will expire more Carbouio .Acid thnn whenawnke.. So that ifless is expircd during the nigbt, it must be attributedto the darkness. For this reasou the dwellers in dingy and under-ground cellars, aud narrow alleys, are atunted nnd slckly, and town-folk generally, are Iess strong and robust than those who live in theopen country, for in bright suulight, one fifth more Curboníc Acidia expired than in a feeble light.

Light pnsses off from n luminous bocly in al! directicns ; decrens-iog io intensity ns the square 01'the distnnce íncreases. lt trnvelswith a velocity of 18,;,170 English miles pel' second , and requireslittle more that a qnarter of :\11 hou!' lo puss through the diulJlOtcro/ the ElIl'th's O!·bit.

Whcn Iight eUCoulltel's UU obslnclc, some of it is l'l,nected, Rnd~OI.neabsor~ed, and if ¡he obstrnctiug body is IIOt opaque, Bome ofIt 15 transmltted.

Two theories have been proposed rcgnrding tito untura af Iight-that of emissio'I, adopted by N~wton, nnd lhat of 1md1,lutio1t,adopted by most modern phil080phera.. 'rhe .first supposcs light to oonsist of exaeedingly minute parlioles,lhrowlI out by a luminous body, nnd this seems moat in accordRncewith Chemicnl ScioJlce, [or as we have seen in ilB "eIRtion to thevegetable world, Iight is actun\ly combined with clementaryaubsta~ces a.ud ngaiu set free. 'rllUe, when Carbon nnd Oxygenare umted so as to form Carbouic Acid, Iight is set free; but wbenCarbonic Acid is agl\in decomposed by the vegetnble, light isrequired, thnt it may enter in com biuation.

The other theory supposes light lo be the vibration of 80me elherenlmedicine which prevades all space. .Astronomy furaishcs U8 withsome reason for supposing the existenee of such a medicine butexcept that without this eupposition we canoot weJl account rdr lbephenomena of interference, we are inclined to tLinlc Newton'.theory the most tenable of lbe two.

,<

THE CROSS MARK.THE mark persons who are unable to write are reqllired to, makeinstead of their signature is in the form of a cross, and thispractice having formerly been followed by king and Dobles, isconstantly Teferred to as I\n instnnce of the deplorable ignoranceof ancient ti~C8. This signature is not, however, invariably,proof of sueh 19nOrRllce. Anciently, the use of this lllark wasnot confined to ilIiterate persons, for among the Saxons themark of the cross, as .nn attestat.i.on of the good faith of theperaon signing, was required to be attached to the signat.ure oft!lose who could write, as well 8S to stand in the place of thesIgnature of those who could not write. In those times if nml\n could write, or even read, his kllowledge was consideredproof positi"e ar pre8umptive that he was in 'holy orders. Thew?r!l clericu&, or clerk, was synonymous with pellman, and thelalty, ~r people "ho \Vere not clerks, did not feel any mgentnecess\ty for the use of Ietter8. Thl' ancient use of the crOS8wa-H!!erefQ11l unj.v~.;¡J.ike by those .who could and by those

.,

Prlnted Corthe SOT. So.nc.A. & P. Rlte, by ROl\llltl' OtUP)(.I.l(, Temple-Iaue,Dame-streot, In .the P/U'lsb of Sto AndtolV. DUblln, aucLPubllsh6d liT

i . Bro:,~~J:8(~~ •.~.~ ptt1~ B~tllil)'.1flldQD.~.C,-;Sep~~!ll'af.~8\;!!;.

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SCOTLAND.

~ra:nb lllustre tttm~Ie.COUNCIL GENERAL, 32-94/

OF.FICERS.

.. ~ Gd. Master of Líglit, V. IlI. Bro. Clyde Duncau, 33·95°, 900." Orator " " " Thornas L. Shaw, 33°" Treasurer... lll. Bro. U. Chalmers, 32°

Annalist ... Colin 1IfcKenzie, 32°" Examiner... .l. Shirra, 3Zu

" Keeper oí. Rites 'I'homas W. Brownlee, 32°" Expert "Vacant, 32°" Master oí Cercmonies Andrew H olmes, 32° '

Conductor Robert Morrison, 32°Gunrd of the Council Frdk. Neuto, 32°

" Repres. from SOy. Sane. R.IIl. Bro, Thos. 111:.Cauipbell, 3SoGranel Tribunial, 31·93° ,

Judge W. F Shaw, 32"Defender William Brown, 31"Arbitrator "'. .Tohn .McInnes, 31°Orator ".Tarnes C. Hice, 31°

" Treasurer ,,"\'VillialU Cnrruthers, 31"" Secretary Charles Marshall, 31 °" Overseer Jnrnes Finlay, 310

" ARst.Overseer " James Jardine, 31°" Marshall J.Warker, 31 °

Pursulvant James Buird, 31°

IRELAND.~r¡xnll ~USiií ~tntple.

COUNCIL GENERAL OF ERI,33-94°.

MeetiJlg at DUBLlN 01' etsewhere in IRELAND.

.! .• '.:::

Gd. Master of Light ... Rt. ILL. BRO. C. MOKCK WILSON, J.P.,33.95°,90°

"Anua1ist ..."."" "\V.STEELE STUDDltRT,32· ." Represeutati.ve ... R. " " M. L. Dxvrns, 1f.D., 330 .

Grand Tribunal, 31.93°" with its Grand Liturgical. Oouucíl, 31·U2°,

MEETING ON SUM:MONS OF GltAND ANNALI~T.

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. -r ,': ~ '.: •..

..:., GR1ND lYfYS'l'IC TEMPLE OF ERLA meeting of the a¡·aud Mystic Temple will be

held at 36, George Street in the City of Limerick, onWednesday, 12th September, at eight o'clock in bhe:eveniug.

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.~ 'r'f':~1 .c. ',:'J

Pt ';:f.!! .

. ~IJ'~ .:r~~t>~l1; ".

I :r~r~of,~ ~~

,"~~~!d~.~

CHAPTERS, 11-18°, SENATES, 20·33°S. Gd. COUNCILS, 30·90°

LONDON'.NO.1.-Mount Sina.i.-Chapter, Senate and CouncÜ.

SUBLIUE DA.I, R. )LL. Bao. A. D,·LoWENs'l'An¡¡:, 33°.

No. 6.-Rose of Sharon.-Chapter and Senate.V. Ill. Bro. EDWARD HAnuISO~, 32°, ~I.W.R. " " HEMRY MEYER, 33°, S.G.l'." " " W. J. KENNA.BY, 30°, Seco and Iiecorder.

SOUTHERNCOUNTIES.

HA VANT, HANTS.No, 3.-0rion.-Chapter, Senate and Council.

v. ILL. Bao, J. llARRISOK, 32°, M.W.J. CLAr, 3~0, S.G.C.

R. " " J. N. HII.LlJA.N, 33°, Sub Dai,V. "THO~IAS FR.I.NCIS, 320, Seco &; Recorder.

MEETING at the MASONIO HALL, llA VART, on HitTUESDAY, March, May, Sept., NOT.

BOURNEMOUTH.Dispensation to 111.BI'o. Frederick Holland,30'

NORTHERN COUNTIES.

No. 4.-SirilUl.-Burnley ..ILL. Bao. Ton BnADslIAw, 32~!)4°, M. \V., Manchester Rond.

< (N ot working.)

LIVERPOOL.No. 7.-Lily of the Valley.-Chapter.v. ILL. BRO. JOSEPll Hxwxrxs, 33°, 1lI.W.

BO'IVER W'OOD, n=, Seco

SCOTLAND.

GLASGOW .:ti'o. 8. -" Sphynx.I/--':Cha.pter, Senate and Council.

ILL. BRO. JAl!ES SUIRR.l, 32°, 1f.W." "W. F. SUAW, 32°, S.G.C.

" DAVID CHA.L3ffiRS, 32°, Sub Dai," ,V. J. DONALOSON, Secretary.

MEETING on 3IlO ·'l'RURSDAY, at MASONIC HUI.,ROPE STREE'f:

No. 9.-~t. Andrew's.-Chapter, Senate and Conncil.ILL. BRO. CLYDE DUKCAK; 32°, Sub Dai,

" " ANDREW HOLJIfEs, 32° ')\~'Q~" ROBER'r MOIlR1S0N, 32 , .UJ..H.v: ." JNO. McC. BucHAN.lN, 32°, Seco

MEETING at STo ·MARK·S H.~L, 3RD FRIDA. Y in eachMOl1tb ..

- ., __ •• :1' • • ~ ','.._---- ..:uaa

THE KNEPH.

ABERDEEN. NOTICE TO SOVEREIGN SANCTUARIES,&c., &c.

Dlspensation to R, 111.Bro, Thos. L. Shaw, 33°

IRELAND.

DUBLIN.No. 5.-" Primitive Pilgl'ims."-Chapter and Senate.

.A180 chcr,,·te?'Cdto mect in IJolyhuul uihcn: adcisobtc.

LIMERICK.No, 10.-" Limerick."-Chapter, Senate and Council.

Jt is clw/tul aduisable, oUtill!! lo the persisten: l'eruc~¿tion nfow' Brethren. in Irelasui, to discontinue the publicatum. of nffiee1'S'nmne8 in thcse Chal·to'{(l Bodies, 0'1' for thc prcsciü to publish. tltewhcreabouts of a·¡¿y oihcr Bodies nf the Ilitc 1Vo1'ldng in thatKingdo?n. Any 11'isJ¿ Mason "ujl¿il'ing iufornuüion for lcg'iU-'1l!cr.te uses, can cr.Jlply lo tho Membcrs of the So». Scr.nctu.m·v with.l'esidenccs in Ircland.-G. MÁST¡;!t OF LIGHT.

INDIA.Dispensation granted to receive Brethren, and to

. Establish Bodies of the Rite,To v, IIl. Bro. lIf. V. POnnIAN, 32°, J3engnl.

" " PJ'OSONKO COOMAR DUTT, 32°, Calcutta," D. M. KAP.\DIA, 30°, Bombay,

BRITISH GUIAN A.Dispensation to 111. Bro. E, H, G. Dalton, 32°

GEORGETOWN.

AUSTRALIA.Dispensation to 111.BI'O, William Riddle, 30°.

PA RIS.Dlspensation to V, 111, sro. A, O. Munro, 32°.

SPAIN,We are glad to be able to announce that.Bodies

l)f the Antient and Primitivo Rito are abont tohe started in Madrid under the most favorableauspices.

As we have been requested to print in French,English, and two other Languages the "CONSTI-TUTION OF THE IMPERIAL COUNCIL GENERAL,"confirm ed and signou in March, 1882, by theIllustrious Chief Guiseppe Gal'ibaldi, we shallbe clad to hear frorn cach Power of the Rite inAlU~l'ica, Canada, Egypt, Italy, Spain, Roumania,and otlier oountrics, 1'30 as~o ascertain the num-ber of copies that may be required. 'I'he Con-stitutions in each Language can be bound to-gether and will be issuec1 at cost price. Addressto the Publisher of + Kneph," 6, LittIe Britain,London, E.C,

leCONSTITUTION OF THE A. and p, RITE,

FOR .:MEM:BERS.-pmCE 1/-.

PUBLIC CEREMONIALS OF THE RITE,BOUND IN CLOl'H, 2/6. ..

HISTORY OF THE A. AND P. RITE,PAPER COVER, 1/6 .~

PRICE 2/6, cloth, . <;LECTURES .',;~

o),' A .:~

Q[JJapter, $tltatt, llub (![ouuci!: :':·:1~ACCORDI}\G '1'0 TlI~ )'ORl\tS OF TlI,fl; - ~

'1j

ANTIENT AND rH.1MITIVE RITE, , ..',.j~aur EMIlJtACJNG ALI, 8\'WXI;~IS o),' ·1

H I G H G R A D E M A S O N R V'" ~!11."mmODYIKG rrrs l'nr.LIi\fIN'ARY BXAMIN'ATIOKS ,';,_

REQUIRED ron ATJV.\~CF.MEN'I': n1E snIDor,re.u;.· .:r}Exrr,AKAl'lOl\S 01' 'l'UJ> VAnlOUS DI!:GHEllS. .:':J;.

FItOU 'l'UE 1° 1'0 TDE: :30" rocsrusn wrrn THI;;' ''!:GRAND DOOK OI<' :ilIAXIMS, . "1ti'

\{lQj;mnslalell from íbc ~rtnc2 h1! .' '._;<~;

JOHN YARKER, 33-9W l",'

Author ~f" Speculotire Eh'el/l(",om~~," g·c.; Past-Idaster ~f Orá!.l; ~31m'k, Are", Templar; Itose (;,'oi%, K-d-,-h undAfilien&' -,\¡.~'J'

and P~'iJllilÍL'e A1usoI/I,!/; Orand Masle; Ge'lC7"(tl : :j"t Inj th» A,~t'M~ ami 1·~·i11l.i!il'e Rite!fI!,d the SweckJlbot'gian .. ·f:"

Rite, t1i audfor c..;,·ca{Britain. (md Irekuul. . ·"1·. "lf

.,,. , '~:7-~OllllOIt ; .. .... :'.':.

l3RO, JOHN HOGG, la, PATERNOS1'EI{.Ro~~;·;~~,. 1-882. . '.. " .'