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20
92 15 A-NET () (1) 24 Cr 29 Cu 24 Cr 29 Cu 1. [Ar] 4s 2 3d 4 [Ar] 4s 1 3d 10 2. [Ar] 4s 2 3d 4 [Ar] 4s 2 3d 9 3. [Kr] 5s 1 4d 5 [Kr] 5s 1 4d 10 4. [Ar] 4s 1 3d 5 [Ar] 4s 1 3d 10 (2) 60 2 27 1. 26 28 2. 33 33 3. 31 35 4. 32 33 (3) (Lattice energy) 1. NaCl 2. MgO 3. CaCl 2 4.AlF 3 (4) 6 bonding electrons 1. C 2 H 4 2. CO 2 3. H 2 S 4. NCl 3 (5) 1. C 6 H 5 NH 2 2. C 6 H 5 CO 2 Na 3. CH 3 CH (OH) CH 3 4. CH 3 CH (NH 2 ) CO 2 H (6) lattice energy XY 1. X (s) + Y (s) XY (s) 2. X (g) + Y (g) XY (s) 3. + ) s ( X + - ) s ( Y XY (s) 4. + ) g ( X + - ) g ( Y XY (s) (7) (nm) 1. A -1 0.181 2. B +1 0.169 3. C +2 0.065 4 D +2 0.135 (8) 10 m 3 50 kPa 30 m 3 100 kPa 1. 75 kPa 2. 87.5 kPa 3. 125 kPa 4. 150 kPa (9) (the enthalpy change of formation of a compound) 1. 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2H 2 O(g) 2. Na(s) + Cl(g) NaCl(s) 3. H 2 O(l) + NaCl(s) NaCl (aq) 4. K(s) + Mn (s) + 2O 2 (g) KMnO 4 (s)

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Page 1: 013 science a-net(เคมี)

92

15 ����� �� A-NET (����) ����������� ����� ������������������� (1) ��������� ��!"� � #$ � 24Cr (!) 29Cu +#$, +�-.� , �

��������� ��!"� � #$ � $,

24Cr 29Cu 1. [Ar] 4s2 3d4 [Ar] 4s1 3d10

2. [Ar] 4s2 3d4 [Ar] 4s2 3d9

3. [Kr] 5s1 4d5 [Kr] 5s1 4d10

4. [Ar] 4s1 3d5 [Ar] 4s1 3d10

(2) �!$��!$ �7 89#��:#;<���=��> 60 7 8#�@�� 2 A BCB�D �� � ��=�#��=��# -,7 8#�@���!$ ) ���=��> 27 �F#�##�� � #$ �( =!)A BCB�D����DG# �$, +�

1. 26 (!) 28 2. 33 (!) 33 3. 31 (!) 35 4. 32 (!) 33 (3) ��+���I!���#(! ��9 (Lattice energy) ����<�8� 1. NaCl 2. MgO 3. CaCl2 4.AlF3 (4) B��!�8!+� �� 6 bonding electrons 1. C2H4 2. CO2 3. H2S 4. NCl3 (5) ��D�)� >$, +�!)!#@FA�,#, ��<�8� 1. C6H5NH2 2. C6H5CO2Na 3. CH3CH (OH) CH3 4. CH3CH (NH2) CO2H (6) ����+��DG#I!���# lattice energy $ ���D�)� >A #�� XY

1. X (s) + Y(s) → XY(s) 2. X (g) + Y(g) → XY (s)

3. +)s(X + −

)s(Y → XY (s) 4. +)g(X + −

)g(Y → XY (s)

(7) $, +������D!�<#(D!�I!���#A^���9�# �����, #����<�8� $, A # D�)�8$ �A # �����$ �A # (nm) 1. A -1 0.181 2. B +1 0.169 3. C +2 0.065 4 D +2 0.135

(8) �����#+#b9#) 10 m3 �DG# 50 kPa (!)�����#+#b9#) 30 m3 �DG# 100 kPa -,#Fb9#)��@�� �� = ��#B�+:, 8e:b.������< �����#+#b9#)����)�DG#��=+�

1. 75 kPa 2. 87.5 kPa 3. 125 kPa 4. 150 kPa (9) $, +��DG#���D!�<#(D!�I!���#��������D�)� > (the enthalpy change of formation of a compound)

1. 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) 2. Na(s) + Cl(g) → NaCl(s)

3. H2O(l) + NaCl(s) → NaCl (aq) 4. K(s) + Mn (s) + 2O2 (g) → KMnO4 (s)

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93

(10) �F:#� ∆H $ �Dj���������#�D+:,���#�@

(1) k.CO(g) + 21O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆H1 = -283 kJ.mol

-1

(2)k.H2(g) + 21O2(g) → H2O(l) ∆H2 = -286 kJ.mol

-1

(3) k.CH3OH(l) + 23O2(g) → CO2(g) 2H2O(l) ∆H3 = -715 kJ.mol

-1

��: ∆H $ �Dj����� CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3OH (l) 1. -146 kJ.mol-1 2. -140 kJ.mol-1 3. +140 kJ.mol-1 4. +146 kJ.mol-1 (11) ����(���Dj������� � )� # =���>.�e��DG#���#�@

CaCl2 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + Cd (OH)2(s) ��n< � ����!)! NaOH �$,�$,# 0.10 B�! = !� � �F#�# 9.0 cm3 !�+#��!)! CdCl2 �$,�$,# 1.00 B�! = !� �

�F#�# 500 cm3 �)A�, Cd (OH)2 :#����<���� (��! ) �$ � Cd = 112.4, O = 16, H = 1)

1. 10002

146.40.109.0×

×× 2. 509

146.40.109.02 ×××

3. 1000

146.40.109.0 ×× 4. 1000

146.40.109.02 ×××

(12) Dj�����+#$, +��DG#Dj�������� �C�

1. CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl(ag) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

2. CuS(s) + O2 (g) → Cu(s) + SO2 (g)

3. Hg(NO3)2(aq) + H2S (g) → HgS(s) + 2HNO3 (aq)

4. 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

(13) bI I, II, III (!) IV (�#��������� #8b�+#$ �($"� =�9#����#

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$, +�-.� , � $, I II III IV 1 �8�:! ��:!� <F A #�� B!:) I !��� �� 2 A #�� I !��� �� B!:) �8�:! ��:!� <F 3 �8�:! ��:!� <F B!:) I !��� �� A #�� 4 B!:) A #�� �8�:! ��:!� <F I !��� ��

(14) $, +��DG#B�����,� ��!"� � #$ � ) �$ �7 8��<���=I!���#A A#�C9�#!F��>��< 1 -;� 4 +#:#=� ��B!�.! = B�!�DG#���#�@

1. 2, 3 2. 2, 7 3. 2, 8, 2 4. 2, 8, 8, 1 (15) ��$��+�=������C;<���r!� ���F#�# 4 $�� �� .=>#9�@#��">�� ( =!)$��>���8��!)!����F#�# 500 cm3 ��!)!���+#$��+��DG#���(�=��<�8� 1. ��!)! A 2. ��!)! B 3. ��!)! C 4. ��!)! D (16) $, +������:#(#=# <F��<�8� ��< 8e:b.�� 25oC (298 K) (!)�����# 101.3 kPa 1. 1.0 !� �$ � �C���# 2. 1.0 !� �$ �#� # 3. 1.0 !� �$ ��! ��# 4. 1.0 !� �$ �D� � (17) �F:#��. �$ � thorium chloride �DG# ThCl4 (!)�. �$ � ammonium chromite �DG# NH4CrO2 $, +��DG#�. �$ �

thorium chromite 1. ThCrO2 2. Th2CrO2 3. Th (CrO2) 4 4. Th (CrO2)2 (18) 7 8(�!�!����� �A BCB�D �n 69Ga #@F:#�� ) � 68.9 (!) 71Ga #@F:#�� ) � 70.9 -,7 8(�!�!����<����+#

7���9 ���#@F:#�� ) � 69.7 ��t�=�#$ � 69Ga +#(�!�!����<����+#7���9 ��DG#AD �$, +�

1. 9.689.709.687.69

− = 0.40 2.

9.689.707.699.70

− = 0.60

3. 7.699.70

9.68+

= 0.49 4. 9.707.699.68

9.68++

= 0.33

(19) papaverine +9,���t impotence D�)� >�,����> # 70.75% B���!, A^B����# 6.25% B���!, A#B ���# 4.13% B���!(!) �C���# 18.87% B���! -,:#;<�B�!$ � papaverine ����! 339.2 ���� �. �B��!�8!$ � papaverine �n $, +�

1. C20H21NO4 2. C20H11NO2 3. C20H23N2O3 4. C17H30NO5

I1 = 744 , I2 = 1457 , I3 = 7739 , I4 = 10547

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(20) $, +��DG#A BC�� ��$ � 2, 2-dimethyl-3-elthyl hexane

1.

3

23

3223

3

CH

CHCH

CHCHCHCHCCH

CH

−−−−−

2.

33

323

3

CHCH

CHCHCCHCH

CH

−−−−

3.

3

32

323

3

CH

CHCH

CHCHCCHCH

CH

−−−−

4. CH3 x CH2 x CH2 x CH2 x CH x CH2 x CH2 x CH2 x CH3

CH3 (21) 7 8 yEz �FDj�������> �C���#���� �AC�����. ��DG# E2O3 C;<��FDj�����A�,��@����(!)�>� 7 8 yEz ����DG#$,

+� 1. Mg 2. Al 3. Si 4. P (22) $, +����F#�# ��!"� � #����<�8� 1. −216

8O 2. F

19

9 3. Na

23

11 4. +327

13Al

(23) +#��)>�#��!,��.D��Dj���������$;@#���#�@ + 2Ag+ + 2Ag(s) + 2H

+

OH

OH

O

O

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��+�����Dj����������9�# 1. 2. Ag+ 3. 4. Ag (24) ��!)!BI(���C��A#� ���$,�$,# 0.100 B�! = !� � �F#�# 1.00 !� � {����>��!)!(�!�C��A#� ��

�$,�$,# 0.100 B�! = !� � �F#�# 1.00 !� � ����$,�$,#$ �A#� �� A #+#��!)!:!��{���DG#��<B�! = !� �

1. 0.0500 mol L-1 2. 0.100 mol L-1 3. 0.150 mol L-1 4. 0.200 mol L-1 (25) (�|��! ��# �� =�:#�� 71.0 ���� $, +�-.� , � (��! ) �$ � Cl = 35.5) 1. 24.5 !� � ��< 273 K (!) 101.3 kPa 2. 6.02 x 1023 ) �$ ��! ��# 3. 2 B�!$ � ) ��! ��# 4. 2 B�!$ �B��!�8!�! ��# (26) ����)��:#�� 5.0 ���� �FDj�������>��!)!���A^B���! ����$,�$,# 1.00 B�! = !� � �F#�# 20 cm3

�#��)��<�A�=��Dj���������$;@# �)�:!n ����)����<A�=A�,�FDj�������<���� (��! ) �$ � Zn = 65) 1. 0.00 g 2. 0.65 g 3. 3.70 g 4. 4.35 g (27) ���(!� ����<I>+##����. �B�����,����#�@ H OH O H x C x C x C H H OH �. �� �I�����!D~ (!)�. �B��!�8!$ ����(!� ���DG#AD �$, +�

$, �. �� �I�����! �. �B��!�8! 1. CH2O C3H6O3

2. CH2O (CH2O)n 3. C2H4O2(OH) C3H4O3

4. (CH2O)n CH2O (28) �F#�#�! A���A #+# 0.25 B�!$ �(�!�C���! A����DG#��=+� 1. 0.50 2. 0.25 3. 3.01 x 1023 4. 1.51 x 1023 (29) �.=+�(�# �#�.D (allotropes) $ �7 8 1. 14C (!) 12C 2. 1 x �^D�# ! (!) 2- �^D�# ! 3. Fe2+ (!) Fe3+ 4. O2 (!) O3

O

O

OH

OH

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97

(30) � �����!)!BC�����! A������#�@ :- #FBC�����! A��� 5.85 ����!)!+##@F(!,��F+:,��D��� ��DG# 250 !.�>����C# ��� � ��!)! BC�����! A���#�@������$,�$,#��<B�! = !� � (��! ) �$ � Na = 23, Cl = 35.5)

1.

1000

25058.5

5.85

2.

250

100058.5

5.85

3.

58.5

5.851000

250

4.

1000

2505.85

58.5

(31) ��n< � ��B!:)� �(��!�+#��!)!���C�!������ ����+�-.� , �

1. Cu + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O 2. Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

3. Cu + 2H2SO4 → Cu (SO4)2 + SO2 + 2H2O 4. 2Cu + H2SO4 → Cu2SO4 + SO2 + H2O (32) �=����, #$ �����#�D���> #���A�, 32800 Jg-1 �=+#:#=� kJ mol-1 �)���=+�!,������>$, +� (��! ) �$ � C=12) 1. 394000 2. 394 3. 32.8 4. 2.73 (33) ��!)!9#��:#;<��� pH = 3.0 ��!)!#�@������$,�$,#$ �A^�� �AC��A #��<B�! = !� � 1. 3.0 mol L-1 2. 1.0 x 10-3 mol L-1 3. 1.0 x 10-11 mol L-1 4. 3.0 x 10-14 mol L-1 (34) �.>(�|�A#B ���#D���e 1000 �����$,AD+#-��$#� 50.0 !� � ��< 8e:b.�� 65oC �����#$ �(�|�A#B ���#+#-��

�DG#��<��B!D���! (kPa) 1. 35.69 kPa 2. 1408.6 kPa 3. 2000 kPa 4. 2005.9 kPa (35) �9n@ �I!��9#��:#;<�+9,��$�>��!n< ## ����DG#A^��C�#�:!� (N2H4) (!) �C�A��� $ ��:!� N2O4

����Dj��������#�@ �F:#�$, �.!+:,���#�@

�� ∆ o

fH (kJmol-1)

H2O (l) -285 H2O (g) -242 N2H4(l) +51 N2H4(g) +95 N2O4 (l) -20 N2O4(g) +10

���F#�e:�= ∆H0 $ �Dj����� ��=��>��<��B!�.! 1. +968 kJ 2. -968 kJ 3. +1050 kJ 4. -1050 kJ

2N2H4(l) + N2O4(l) → 3 N2(g) + 4H2O (g)

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36. �F:#�I!���#I�#7)+:,���#�@

I�#7) I!���#I�#7) (kJ mol-1) ��< 298 K C x C 348 C = C 614 C x H 413 H x H 436

���F#�e: ∆ Ho $ �Dj����� 1. +124 kJ 2. -124 kJ 3. 2702 kJ 4. 2826 kJ

������� +9,$, �.! = AD#�@ >�F-�$, 37 -;� 39 ({#bI$,�!=�#�@(���������(�!�C���! A�����(�!�C��(!)�! ��# �F:#��=����, #+#:#=� kJ mol-1 +:,���#�@ Ca2+(g) + 2Cl-(g) +1743 X -2249 Ca(g) 2Cl(g) Y +192 +242 Ca(s) + Cl2(g) CaCl2(s) -798 (37) 9n< $ ���)>�#�� Y �n )A� 1. ���)�:�� 2. ���I���bI ��!"� � # 3. I!���#(!)(! ��C 4. I!���#A #A#�CC�# (38) ����+�(���I!���#������ CaCl2 (s) ��<-.� , �

1. Ca(g) + 2

1 Cl2 (g) → CaCl(s) ∆H = -798 kJ 2. Ca(s) + Cl2(g) → CaCl2(s) ∆H = -2249 kJ

3. Ca(s) + Cl2(g) → CaCl2(s) ∆H = -798 kJ 4. Ca2+(g) + 2Cl-(g) → CaCl2(s) ∆H = -2249 kJ

(39) ��+9,��$ ��^��� (Hess�s law) �F#�e: ∆H $ ���)>�#�� X +#:#=� kJ mol-1 1. -726 kJ mol-1 2. -363 kJ mol-1 3. +726 kJ mol-1 4. +242 kJ mol-1 (40) �=����<��!)!$ ���!n ���#� �9#���DG#���#�@ C�!�� ���! A��� (AgCl) Ksp = 2.0 x 10

-10 C�!�� �����> �# (Ag2CO3) Ksp = 8.0 x 10

-12

C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) → C2H6 (g)

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99

��!)!$ ���!n ���#+#:#=�B�! = !� �$, +�-.� 1. AgCl !)!A�,����= Ag2CO3 2. Ag2CO3 !)!A�,����= AgCl 3. AgCl !)!A�,��=��> Ag2CO3 4. AgCl (!) Ag2CO3 A�=!)!#@F �;��F#�eA�=A�, (41) $, �.!��B��� $, 40 +#��!)!BC�����! A��� �$,�$,# 0.10 B�! = !� � �)!)! AgCl A�,��<B�! = !� � 1. 2 x 10-10 mol dm-3 2. 2 x 10-9 mol dm-3 3. 1.4 x 10-5 mol dm-3 4. 1.26 x 10-4 mol dm-3 (42) �F:#�Dj�������<{�#�!�>A�,�DG#���#�@ H2(g) + CO2 (g) H2O(g) + CO(g) �=����<���8! (K) ��=��> 0.60 ��< 8e:b.�� 900 K -,{�� 2.0 B�!(�|�A^B����#��> 2.0 B�!(�|�

���> #A� �AC��+#D��� � 1.0 !� � D!= �#��)��<�Dj������$,�.=b�)���8! �F#�#B�!$ ��|C���> #� # �AC��+#b9#)��<b�)���8!��< 8e:b.�� 900 K �DG#��=A�

1. 0.60 mol dm-3 2. 0.87 mol dm-3 3. 1.20 mol dm-3 4. 1.74 mol dm-3 (43) ( !! �� �DG#B!:){��$ ��:!"�(!)���> #:#�� 0.287 ���� #F��FDj�������>��!)!���C�!��������<�����#I (!)D!= +:,Dj��������� =���>.�e� I>�=�� Fe2+ ����$;@# #F��!)!��� � � )� #���F �(!,�A���� ��!)!��<�� �A�,�,� ��!)!BI(���C���D ��(����# �$,�$,# 0.103 B�! = !� � �) , �+9,��!)!BI(���C���D ��(����# 9.84 cm3 C;<�Dj������DG#���#�@ ���F#�e:�, !)$ ����> #+#�� �� =� (��! ) �$ � H = 1, O = 16, Fe = 55.85, Mn = 55) 1. 0.28 2. 1.40 3. 14.0 4. 28.3 (44) �F:#���!)!��� 4 9#��+:,���#�@ $, +��DG#���(�=��<�8� 1. HA 2. HB 3. HC 4. HD (45) (����D� ���$ �7 8>���8�7���DG#���#�@ #@F:#�� ) �$ �7 8#�@+�!,������>$, +� 1. 24 2. 25 3. 27 4. 76

Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ → Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

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100

(46) ) �$ �7 8 E ����������� ��!"� � #���#�@

7 8 E �������>� ����$, +� 1. ��I!���#A #A#�C9�#!F��>��< 1 �.���=#� # 2. �����! A������. � ECl4 3. �FDj�������>#@FA�, =��8#(�� 4. �FDj�������>��!)!BC�����! A����$,�$,#+:,(�|��! ��# ������� ��� ��!���"�#$%�������! �� 47-49 ({#bI$,�!=�#�@(�#Dj����� �#���� C;<���D�)� > 1 �DG#�!�<#��>D)�� (47) ��D�)� > 5 (COMPOUND 5) �n ��+� 1. 1 x butanol 2. butanoic acid 3. 1 x bromobutane 4. 1 x butene (48) ���#������! �+�+9,(�$ �{��$ ���D�)� > 2 (!) 3 ����<�8� 1. B���B����� 2. �����,� ���F!)! 3. �!�<#!F��>�=�# 4. �� �{!;� (49) $, +��DG#����(���Dj�������<����$;@#+# REACTION III 1. CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2COOH + CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 2. CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3 x CH2 x CH = CH2 + H2O

3. CH3CH2CH2COOH + HBr → CH3CH2CH2COOH2+ + Br-

4. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HBr → CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O

2 , 8 , 4

H2SO4

Heat

H2O

H+

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101

(50) ���(������D!�<# 8e:b.��$ ���:! ��:!�(#��!�#�DG#���#�@ ������8�:! ��:!�$ �(#��!�#��=��>��< ���C!�C�� 1. 20 2. 40 3. 60 4. 80 (51) ����>#BC ���DG#��� = # ������( � ���DG#���#�@ C6H5COOH C6H5COO

- + H+ ���(������D!�<# pH ��n< #F��!)!����>#BC ���$,�$,# 0.100 B�! = !� ��F#�# 20.0 cm3 �A���� ��>

��!)!BC����A^�� �AC���$,�$,# 0.200 B�! = !� ���n< -;��8� C �) , �+9,��!)!BC����A^�� �AC����< cm3

1. 0.002 2. 0.01 3. 10 4. 100 (52) ({#bI$,�!=�#�@(�����D� ���$ �7 8>�7 8 {�$� (white powder) #�@�.,�=�DG#�! A���$ �7 8�:!=#�@ ����D� ���$ �$ �{��$,�>##�@ {�$�#�@����!n 9#��+� .=>,� 1. BaCl2, SrCl2, RbCl, CsCl 2. MgCl2 , CaCl2, LiCl, RbCl 3. MgCl2, BaCl2, RbCl 4. NaCl, MgCl2, BaCl2

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102

(53) +#����! �$ ������ ��� ���B����� #8b�( !��$,AD��({=#� ��F>�� ��.D$,�!=� �$����� �:"#

�= #8b�( !��=�#���)!8{=# �=�##, �>�<��># (!)�=�##, ���)�, #�!�>�DG#�8� =�� ���.D����! �#�@�)��8DA�, =�A� 1. � ��DG#7 8��<A�=�= �A� = Dj����� 2. ��!"� � #+# ) �������������DG#9�@# �I!���#��<�I�<�$;@# 3. ) ���#����!����$#��!"�(!)��D�)�8>��(!)�F+:, ) �����!����<�8� 4. #�� � #�DG# #8b���<A�=��D�)�8����!+�!,������>��!$ �BD� # (54) �����-�F(> � ��<����)D� ����n< ��n<���<�DG# )!.���#��, ��!)!BI(���C��A^�� �AC��(!) ��

B��F+:, ���DG#� �� >(�=�(��A� � ����.D �.D$,�>##�@�DG#�C!!�A������� �$�#(�#A�,���#�@ ��$, �.!$,�>##�@��8DA�,���#�@

�. ( B#��DG#��)D� � )!.���#�� $. $ �($"���$���<������<{��b+#��)D� ����. ��DG# Al (OH)3 �. ��!)!BI(���C��A^�� �AC���F:#,��<�DG#��!)! ��!"�B��A! � �. ��n< Dj������F�#�#AD����A���$ ��C!!��)!�!�

$, +�-.� , � 1. � (!) � ��=#�@# 2. � (!) � ��=#�@# 3. �, � (!) � ��=#�@# 4. �, $, � (!) �

Al (s) | Al3+(aq) ,OH-(aq) | O2(g) (over graphite electrode)

BD������� �C!!�#�@A�=�F�DG# , ����)I#A # (salt bridge)

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103

(55) ��I���e����(!)��� = AD#�@ ��$, �.!$,�>#��8DA�,���#�@ $, ��8D+�-.� , � 1. $, � (!) � 2. �, $ (!) � 3. �, � (!) � 4. �, $, � (!) �

(56) �F:#����(���Dj����� X + Y → XY +:,���#�@ ({#bI+��DG#Dj����������, #����<�8� 1. I 2. II 3. III 4. IV (57) ��$, 46 -, X (!) Y �DG#(�|�(!) XY �DG#$ �($"� Dj�����(>>+��)�F+:, XY ( ��!+:, X (!) Y �=��<�8� 1. I 2. II 3. III 4. IV

�. ��<��! A �� A ��<� ��!�+#b9#) �n H2 $. {!����� �� A �F+:,����$,�$,#$ � CO !�!�, ����$,�$,#$ � CH3OH �I�<�$;@#(!) 8e:b.��$ �b9#)!�!� �. �)A�,���# !��� �) , ��F+:,�)>>�� 8e:b.�� <F(!)�����#�.� �. +# 8 �:����Dj�����#�@ , �+9,�) )A! � :#,��<$ ��) )A! ��n !�I!���#�= �����# ��In< �I�<� � �$ �Dj�����#�@

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104

(58) r!���<$��#@F�,� (Orange juice) 9#��:#;<��DG#���#�@ #F#@F�,�+#$��#�@� 20 ��!!��� � (mL) �)���� ��# C .=��<B�! C;<��� ��# C ���. ����#�@ (��! ) �$ � H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) O H OH O = C C C H C = C CH2OH HO OH

1. 4.6 × 10-4 mol 2. 4.6 × 10-5 mol 3. 8.1 × 10-4 mol 4. 8.1 × 10-5 mol (59) �F:#��. �B�����,�$ ����( ��B#+:,���#�@ H O HO CH2 C C NH2 OH

A�B�C�# (Tyrosine : Tyr) H O H C C NH2 OH A�!C�# (Glycine : Gly)

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105

$, +��DG#�. �B�����,�$ � Tyr x Gly O O 1. NH2 x CH2 x C x NH x CH x C CH2 OH O OH O O

2. NH2 x CH2 x C x O x O x CH2 x CH - C NH2 OH O 3. HO x O x CH2 x CH2 x CH x CH x NH x O x C x CH2 x MH2 COOH O 4. HO x O x CH2 x CH x C O NH2 NH x CH2 x C OH

(60) (�|� ���#�DG#�� -8��>���<� ,#+# 8 �:����������<�F���:!9#�� �F:#�({#bI+:,���#�@ 9#��$ �Dj��� I (!) II (!)��������< , ���+9,+#Dj����� III (!) IV $, +�-.� , �

$, Dj����� I Dj����� II ��Dj����� III ��Dj����� IV 1 I !��� A��C9�#

(>>��>(## I !��� A��CC�#(>>� �� �C���# #@F

2 I !��� A��CC�#(>>� �� I !��� A��CC�#(>>��>(#=# #@F �C���# 3 I !��� A��CC�#(>>� �� I !��� A��CC�#(>>� �� #@F �C���# 4 I !��� A��C9�#(>>

B^B�I !��� �� I !��� A��CC�#(>> B�I !��� ��

���C�!������ ��

I !���#

���# � �# ! ���( C� ��

I !�A�#�!�! A��� (PVC)

I

III IV

II

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106

�*�� 15 �- �.��/0 A-NET (��!�)

$, 1 >$, 4 �I�);�:!����>���8� "�(!)��>���8��;<�

$, 2 >$, 3 �I�)��! ) ��r!�< = 2AA 21 + = 60

A1 + A2 = 120 p1 + n1 + p2 + n2 = 120 27 + n1 + 27 + n2 = 120

∴ n1 + n2 = 66 ( =A BCB�D�)���F#�#BD� #��=��# �F#�##�� � # =���# $, 3 >$, 4 �I�)I!���#(! ��9(D�{�# ����>�F#�#D�)�8$ �A #>��+#��D�)� >A #�� $, 4 >$, 4 �I�) H H C = C H H �� 12 bonding electrons O = C = O �� 4 bonding electrons �� 4 bonding electrons �� 6 bonding electrons $, 5 >$, 1 �I�) C6H5NH2 :�n �DG#��( B��� �� �)!)!#@FA�,#, ��<�8� $, 6 >$, 4 �I�)I!���#(! ��9������A #>�������>A #!> +#�-#)(�|� (!,�A�,��D�)� > A #��$ �($"�:#;<�B�!

$, 7 >$, 3 �I�)I!���#A^���9�# (∆Hhyd.) $ �A #�)(D�{�# ����>D�)�8 ( =(D�{�{�#��>$#�$ �A # $, 8 > $, 2 �I�)D��� ���� = 10 + 30 = 40 m3

P1 = 504010× = 12.5 kPa

P2 = 1004030× = 75 kPa

∴�����#��� = P1 + P2 = 12.5 + 75 = 87.5 kPa

$, 9 >$, 4 �I�) ∆Hf �) , �������D�)� > 1 B�! +#�-#)$ �($"� ��7 8��<�b�)� ��# �n ��< 25oC ���

��# 1 atm

Cl

N Cl Cl

S H H

NH2

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107

$, 10 >$, 2 �I�)

(1) k.CO(g) + 21O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆H1 = -283 kJ.mol

-1

(2) x 2 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆H2 = -572 kJ.mol-1

(3) k.CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) → CH3OH(l) + 23O2(g) ∆H3 = +715 kJ.mol

-1

(1) + (2) + (3) k CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3OH (l)

∆H = -283 x 572 + 715 kJ.mol-1 = -140 kJ.mol-1 11. >$, 1

��7���� mol Cd (OH)2 = 21 mol NaOH

146.4x =

1000

9x0.10x

2

1

∴ �)A�, Cd (OH)2 :#�� = ����2x1000

46.49.0x0.10x1

12. >��< 2 �I�)I���e������ Dj����������9�# +2 -2 0 +4 CuS (s) + O2(g) Cu (s) + SO2(g) Dj����� �C���9�# �)�:"#�=Dj�����#�@D�)� >�,�Dj����� �C���9�# (!)Dj����������9�#�;��DG#Dj�������� �C� 13. >$, 1 �I�)bI I �DG#��B����!#C� �)���8�:! ��:!� <F II �DG#{!;�BC�����! A����DG#��A #�� III �DG#{!;�B!:) IV �DG#��I !��� �� 14. > $, 3 �I�) ���=I!���#A A#�C9�#�)(>=��)��>I!���# �� I2 ��> I3 ���#�@# �)�����!#C� ��!"� � # ��=��> 2 15. >$, 3 �I�)���(�=��<�8��)�� pH #, ��<�8� ( =�=�� pH ��=��# ���( B�(� �� (C6H5COOH) �)�DG#���(�=��= 16. > $, 2 �I�)#� #�DG#(�|��rn< (!)�DG#� # ) ���B��!�8! (monatomic molecule) �n +#:#;<�B��!�8! �� 1 ) ��;������:#(#=##, ��<�8� 17. >��< $, 3 �I�) Th4+ + CrO2

x +#��D�)� >D�)�8A��������#�DG#�.#� ���#�@#�. ��n Th (CrO2)4

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108

18. >$, 2 �I�)��t�=�#$ � 69Ga +#(�!�!����<����+#7���9 �

= 9.689.707.699.70

− = 0.60

19. >$, 1 �I�)��!B��!�8!$ � C20H21NO4 = (12x20)+(1x21)+(1x14)+(4x16) = 339 C;<� ����>B����F:#�+:,��=��> 339.2 20. >$, 4 �I�)A BC�� �� :�-;�����<���. �B��!�8!�:�n #��# ( =���. �B�����,� =���# CH3 CH3 x C x CH x CH2 x CH2 x CH3 CH3 CH2CH3 2,2- dimethyl x 3 x ethyl hexane �)�DG#A BC�� ����> $, 4 21. >$, 2 �I�)7 8 E ����DG# Al �#n< ����FDj����� ��> �C���#�)A�,��D�)� >��<���. � Al2O3 :�n E2O3 C;<����-�FDj�����A�,��@����(!)�>�

22. >$, 2 �I�) 1. −2168O �F#�# ��!"� � # = 8+2 = 10

2. F199 �F#�# ��!"� � # = 9

3. Na2311 �F#�# ��!"� � # = 11

4. +32713Al �F#�# ��!"� � # = 13 x 3 = 10

23. >$, 2 �I�) Ag+ + e- Ag ����Dj����������9�#

24. >$, 3 �I�)�F#�#B�! KNO3 = 0.100 x 1 = 0.100 mol ∴ �F#�#B�! −3NO = 0.100 mol (!)�F#�#B�!

Ca(NO3)2 = 0.100 x 1 = 0.100 mol ∴ �F#�#B�! −3NO = 2 x 0.100 = 0.200 mol

���#�@# [ ]−3NO = 1mol.L0.1502

0.300

2

0.2000.100 −==+

25. >$, 3 �I�) 1 mol Cl2 = 2 mol Cl = 2 x 6.02 x 1023 ) � = 22.4 dm3 at STP = 2 x 35.5 g = 71 g 26. >$, ��< 4 �I�) Zn + 2HCl � ZnCl2 + H2

mol Zn = 21mol HCl

100020x1

x21

65x=

∴ x = 0.65 g ���#�@#�)�:!n Zn = 5.00 x 0.65 g = 4.35 g 27. >$, ��< 1 �I�)�. �B��!�8! �n C3H6O3 �. �� �I�����! �DG# � ��=�# =� <F �n CH2O

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109

28. >$, ��< 3 �I�) 1 mol CaCl2 �)���! A���A # = 2 mol Clx = 2 x 6.02 x 1023 A # ���#�@# 0.25 mol CaCl2 �)���! A���A # = 0.25x2x6.02x1023 = 3.01 x 1023 A # 29. >$, 4 �I�) O2 (!) O3 �DG# �#�.D$ �7 8

30. >��< $, 1 �I�) [NaCl] = #!� ��!)!�DGD���e$ ��

�NaCl�F#�#B�!$

=

1000

25058.5

5.85

B�! = !� �

31. >��< 2 �I�)�DG#������<�8!(!,� �n �F#�#$ �( =!) ) �$ �7 8��C,$ �������=��>��$� �Cu + 2H2SO4� CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

32. >$, 20 �I�)�=����, #$ �����#�D���> #+#:#=� kJ, mol-1

= 1kJ.mol1000

32800x12 −

= 393.6 kJ.mol-1 = 394 kJ.mol-1 (B�D�)�e) 33. >$, 3 �I�) pH = 3

∴ [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-3 mol.dm-3

���#�@# [OH- ] = 3

14

10

10−

= 1.0 x 10-11 mol.dm-3 :�n mol.L-1

34. >$, 4 �I�) PV = nRT = RTM

g.

= kPax2005.928.02x50

x3381000x8.134

35. >$, 4 �I�) ∆H0 = ∑∆0fH (products) - ∑∆

0fH (reactants)

= [4(-242) + (3x0) x[(2x51)+(-20)] kJ = -1050kJ 36. >$, 2 �I�)I!���#�!I�#7)��@�:�� (�.�) = (1x614) + (4x413) + (1x436) = 2702 kJ I!���#����,�I�#7)��@�:�� (�!) = (1x348) + (6x413) = 2826 kJ

���#�@# ∆H0 = + 2702 x 2826 = -124 kJ

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110

37. >$, 1 �I�)���)�:���)�D!�<#�-#)��$ �($"��DG#(�|� 38. >$, 3 �I�)I!���#������ CaCl2 (s) �n I!���#��<���� Ca (s) �FDj�������> Cl2(g) B� �� 39. >$, 2 �I�) (2x+2249)-(192+242+1743) = 798 2x = -726

∴ x = - 363 kJ. mol-1

40. >$, 2 �I�) Ksp $ � AgCl = [Ag+]2 [Cl-] 2.0 x 10-10 = x2

∴ x = 1.414 x 10-5 mol.dm-3 Ksp $ � Ag2CO3 = [Ag

+] [CO32-]

8x10-12 = x2.x = x3

∴ x = 2 x10-4 mol.dm-3 ���#�@# Ag2 CO3

�)!)!A�,����= AgCl 41. >$, 2 �I�) ksp = [Ag

+] [Cl-] 2x10-10 = (x) (0.10)

∴ k = 1.0

10x2 10−

= 2x10-9 mol.dm-3

42. >$, 2 �I�) K = ][CO][H

[CO]0][H

22

2

0.60 = 2

2

)x2(x−

∴ x = 0.87 mol.dm-3 43. >$, 2 �I�)������<�8! �n 5Fe2+ + MnO4

x + 8H+ � 5Fe2++Mn2+ + 4H2O

mol MnO4x = x0.103

1000

9.84 = 1.01 x 10-3 mol

mol Fe2+ = 5 x 1.01 x 10-3 x 55.85 = 0.283 g

% Carbon = 1.40x1000.287

0.2830.287=

44. >$, 2 �I�)��� HB ���F#�# H+ .=+#��!)!����<�8� �;��DG#���(�=��<�8� 45. >$, 1 �I�)#@F:#�� ) �$ �7 8 �)+�!,������> peak �.���<�8� �n ��=��> 24 46. >$, 2 �I�)7 8 E �DG#7 8:�.= 4A �>��< 3 �FDj�������>�! A����)A�,��D�)� >��<���. � �DG# E4+ + Cl- = ECl4

47. >$, 4 �I�)I���e��({#bI�)��8DA�,���#�@ ��D�)� >��< 1 �n butyl butanoate ��D�)� >��< 2 �n 1 x butanol ��D�)� >��< 3 �n butanoic acid ��D�)� >��< 4 �n 1 x bromobutane (!)��D�)� >

��< 5 �n 1 x butene 48. >$, 3 �I�)��(�$ �{��$ ���D�)� >��<�)�:�=�) , �+9,���#�����!�<#!F��>�=�# 49. >$, 4 �I�)��D�)� >��< 2 �DG#( ! ^ !� (ROH) �FDj�������> HBr �)A�, RBr + H2O 50. >$, 4 �I�)����� 9=����!����<�) .=��< 8e:b.�� 800C

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111

51. >$, 3 �I�) C6H5COOH + NaOH � C6H5 COONa + H2O C1V1 = C2V2 0.10 x 20 = 0.20 x V2

∴ V2 = 3cm100.20

0.10x20=

52. >$, 3 �I�)I���e����D� ���$ �{���$��)D�)� >�,�7 8 Mg, Ba (!) Rb ������D�)� > �! A��� �)���. ��DG# MgCl2, BaCl2 (!) RbCl 53. >$, 3 �I�)�DG#����! �$ ������ ��� ��� 54. >$, 4 �I�)$, ��8D�8�$, �DG#$, ��8D��<-.� , � 55. >$, 3 �I�)$, ��8D (�), (�) (!) (�) -.� , � �=�# ($) �DG#$, ��8DA�=-.� , � 56. >$, 4 �I�)��� IV �I�)Dj����������, #�� �@� ,#�) , ���I!���#�.���={!� b�e�� 57. >$, 2 �I�)��� II I!���#�= �����# �$ �Dj�����, #�!�>���=#, �� 58. >$, 2 �I�)#@F�,�+#$�� 200 ��!!�!� ��)���� ��# C

= mot176

81x10 3−

∴ #@F�,�+#$�� 20 ��!!�!� ��)���� ��#

C = molx10176

81x

200

20 3−

= 4.6 x 10-5 mol 59. >$, 4 �I�) HO - CH2 x CH x C x OH+H NH x CH2 x C x OH �)A�,{!� b�e�� �$, 4 NH2 60. >$, 3 �I�)Dj����� I �DG#Dj�����I !��� A��C9�#(>>� �� � n CH2 = CH2 � [-CH2-CH2]n Dj����� II �DG#Dj�����I !��� A��C9�#(>>� �� � n CH2 = CH � [-CH2-CH]n Dj����� III C2H4 + H2O � C2H5OH Dj����� IV C2H5OH + O2 � CH3COOH + H2O

Cl

O O O

Cl