Cause, Solutions

& Prevention

STUCK PIPESTUCK PIPECause, Solutions

& Prevention

0 S00 0 SA HALLIBURTON SERVICE

STUCK PIPE

CAUSE, SOLUTIONS & PREVENTIONJohn W. Lee

The information contained herein is supplied without representation or warranty of any kind. Boots & Coots Inc, the author and publisher assume no liability, inferred, consequential or otherwise from the use or misuse of any material or recommendation contained herein.

All rights of reproduction and adaptation of the text and illustrations herein, for all countries and languages, are reserved by Boots & Coots Inc. Author/ Illustrator, John W. Lee.

Jan, 2009

7908 N. Sam Houston Pkwy Floor-5Houston, TX 77064

USA

(281) 931 88841 800 Blowout

boots-coots.com

0 S00 0 SA HALLIBURTON SERVICE

STUCK PIPE

Tight Hole

Stuck Pipe Statistics

Stuck Pipe

Hole Problems

Lost Circ.

DS Failure

Running Csg

D/Hole Equip

Cementing

Weather

Well Control

Rig Repair

Well Head

An interruption in planned operations as excessive drag forces prevent pulling the drillstring out of the hole. The pipe is stuck in the hole.

A momentary interruption in planned operations as high drag forces restrictdrillstring movement above normal operating conditions. The pipe is not stuckin the hole as acceptable progress is still being made.

Industry statistics gathered since 1989 show the relative cost of non-productivetime. Stuck pipe is still the drilling industry's most costly unscheduled event.

Page 1

$MM

0 5025

0 0 0S S0

0 0 0S S0

STICKING MECHANISMS & THEIR CAUSES

Pack-Off / Bridge

Settled Cuttings

Geo-Pressured Shale

Hydro-Charged Shale

Reactive Shale

Overburden Stress

Tectonic Stress

Unconsolidated Formation

Fractured Formation

Plastic Formation

Cement Failure

Soft Cement

Junk in Hole

Differential Force Key Seat

Micro Doglegs

Ledges

Thick Filter Cake

Undergauge Hole

Mobile Formation

Stiff Bottom Hole Assembly

Stiff Casing Assembly

Differential Wellbore Geometry

Although there are 20+ causes of stuck pipe, there are only 3 mechanisms capableof producing sufficient mechanical force to stick the drillstring.

Mechanism - The mechanical force sticking the drillstring in the hole.

Cause - The condition(s) responsible for the sticking mechanism.

.

.

Page 2

Example "Cause"Inadequate Hole Cleaning

"Mechanism"Hole Pack-Off

0 0 0S S0

The Mechanism of Hole Pack-Off /BridgeHole Pack-Off - Small pieces of formation, cement or junk settle around the drillstring preventing circulation with no string movement likely.

Hole Bridge - Medium to large pieces of formation, cement or junk settle around the drillstring allowing restricted circulation with little to no string movement.

Hole Pack-Off Hole Bridge

String Motion Prior to Sticking? Moving or Static

Circulating Pressure After Sticking?

Impossible Restricted

Page 3

Sand

The Mechanism of Differential StickingHydrostatic overbalance pressure drives the static

drillstring into the thick filter cake of a permeable zone.

Dynamic Filter Cake

Static Filter Cake

4" 6000

PSI

Top View atSand Depth

Circulating PressureAfter Sticking?Unrestricted

Page 4

String Motion Prior to Sticking?Static

1600 sq in x 1000 psi = 1,600,000 lbs Diff. Sticking Force

4"

400"

ContactArea

1,6

00,0

00 L

bs

Co

nta

ct

Fluid Loss

Low Pressure Filter Cake

Formation Pressure5000 psi

0 0 0S S0

THE MECHANISM OF WELLBORE GEOMETRYSharp changes in hole angle/direction; an undergauge hole diameter;

or increase in assembly stiffness will not allow passage of the string.an Wellbore Change

Decrease in effective or actual holediameter will not allow passage of the string.

Assembly Stiffness ChangeIncrease in assembly stiffness

will not allow passage of the string.

STIFFBOTTOM HOLE

ASSEMBLY

FlexibleAssembly POOH,Normal Overpull

RIH

STUCK!!

Top of BHA

KEYSEAT

PO

OH

Stuck!!

Top View

Circulating PressureAfter Sticking?Unrestricted

PO

OH

String Motion Prior to Sticking?

Moving up or Down

Page 5

0 0 0S S0

STICKING MECHANISM /FIRST ACTION WORKSHEETSTICKING MECHANISM /FIRST ACTION WORKSHEET

PACK-OFF / BRIDGE DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY Stuck while moving up:

1. (Top Drive) Work 80% of DP make-up torque down to the stuck depth.

2. Jar down with maximum jar-trip load. Hold torque & set-down weight until the jar trips or for +/-10 minutes.

Stuck while moving down:

Do not apply torque. Jar up with maximum jar-trip load. Hold the overpull until the jar trips or for +/-5 minutes.

If the string does not jar free:

Maintain slow circulation (+/-1 bbl/min) and continue jarring until the string jars free or an alternative decision is made.

.

.

.

.

.

.

1. Circulate at maximum rate for +/-10 minutes (Kelly Drive) or while applying torque (Top Drive).

2. (Top Drive) Work 80% of DP make-up torque down to the stuck depth.

3. Reduce pump spe (+/-1 bbl/min).

4. Jar down with maximum jar-tripload. Hold torque & set-down weight until the jar trips or for +/-10 min. Maintain slow circulation and jar down +/- 20 times.

5. If the string does not jar free,release string torque, maintain slow circulation and jar up +/-10 times with maximum jar-trip load.

6. If the string does not jar free, continue jarring procedure while preparing a pipe releasing pill.

.

.

.

.

.

O For hole angles <60 : 1. Bleed off all trapped pressure.(Top Drive) Work 80% of DP make-up torque down to the stuck depth.

2. Apply low pump pressure (+/-200 psi). Maintain circulation if possible.

3. Jar down with max jar-trip load.

4. Do not jar up!! Continue jarring down until the string is free and full circulation is established.

O For hole angles >60 :1. Bleed off all trapped pressure. (Top Drive) Work 80% of DP make-up torque down to the stuck depth.

2. Jar down with max jar-trip load.

3. Do not jar up!! Work the pipe with light overpulls and max down jarring until several feet of string movement is established.

4. Slowly attempt to re-establish circulation.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

STEP 2: SELECT THE CORRECT FIRST-ACTION TO FREE THE STRING

STEP 1: DETERMINE THE STICKING MECHANISMDESCRIBE THE STRING MOTION JUST BEFORE STICKING OCCURRED.DESCRIBE THE STICKING OCCURRED.STRING MOTION JUST BEFORE

DESCRIBE THE CHANGE IN CIRCULATING PRESSURE JUST AFTER STICKING OCCURRED.DESCRIBE THE STICKING OCCURRED.CHANGE IN CIRCULATING PRESSURE JUST AFTER

Moving Up

Back Reaming

Rotating Only

Moving Down

Pipe Static or Slide Drilling

Reaming Down or Rotary Drilling

No Change in Circulating PressureCirculation is Possible But Restricted and Possibly Fluctuating

Stalled Motor Pressure. Pressure Increases With RotationCirculation is Impossible

PACK-OFF BRIDGE DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY1 1 0 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 0 01 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

1 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0

Circle the numbers in the rowwith the best description.Circle only 1 row of numbers.

Add the columns of circled numbers. The column with the sum of "2" determines the sticking mechanism. Totals =

STUCK WITH THE BIT ON OR NEAR BOTTOMDo not jar up!! Apply low pump pressure (+/-200 psi). Apply/release torque & set-down weight in an attempt to establish circulation.

Do not apply toque!! Jar up withmaximum jar-trip load. Continuejarring up while preparing a pipereleasing pill.

Stuck while moving up: Maintain drilling torque and re-apply bit weight to re-establish rotation. Slowly back-ream off bottom.

STEP 3: COCK AND TRIP THE JAR Cocking From Open Position Jar-Up Jar-Down Cocking From Closed Position

________________

________________

________________

The trip load of a hydraulic jar is selected by the operator

Bleed trapped pressure / slow down orstop the pumps to make the jar easierto cock.

BHA Wt. Below Jar

LastDown Wt.

=

_

________________

________________

________________ =

LastUp Wt.

BHA Wt. Below Jar

_

Bleed trapped pressure / slow down or stop the pump when jarring down.

________________

________________

________________

________________

LastDown Wt.

_

_

=

BHA Wt. Below Jar

Jar TripLoad

________________

________________

________________

________________ =

LastUp Wt.

BHA Wt. Below Jar

Jar TripLoad

_

+

Wt IndicatorLoad

Wt IndicatorLoad

Wt IndicatorLoad

Wt IndicatorLoad

Page 6

0 0 0S S0

Page 7

STEP

1: D

ETER

MINE

THE

STIC

KING

MEC

HANI

SMDE

SCRIB

E THE

STRIN

G MOT

ION JU

ST BE

FORE

STICK

ING OC

CURR

ED.

DESC

RIBE T

HE

ST

ICKING

OCCU

RRED

.ST

RING M

OTION

JUST

BEFO

RE

DESC

RIBE T

HE CH

ANGE

IN CI

RCUL

ATING

PRES

SURE

JUST

AFTE

R STIC

KING O

CCUR

RED.

DESC

RIBE T

HE

STICK

ING OC

CURR

ED.

CHAN

GE IN

CIRC

ULAT

ING PR

ESSU

RE JU

ST AF

TER

Movin

g Up

Back

Ream

ing

Rotat

ing O

nly

Movin

g Dow

n

Pipe S

tatic

or Sl

ide Dr

illing

Ream

ing Do

wn o

r Rota

ry Dr

illing

No Ch

ange

in Ci

rculat

ing Pr

essu

reCir

culat

ion is

Possi

ble Bu

t Res

tricted

and P

ossib

ly Fluc

tuatin

gSta

lled M

otor P

ressu

re. P

ressu

re Inc

rease

s With

Rotat

ionCir

culat

ion is

Impo

ssible

PACK-O

FF B

RIDGE

DIFFERE

NTIALG

EOMETR

Y1

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

Circle

the n

umber

s in the

rowwit

h the b

est de

scripti

on.Cir

cle on

ly 1 row

of num

bers.

Add t

he co

lumns

of cir

cled n

umbe

rs. Th

e colu

mn wi

th the

sum o

f "2" d

eterm

ines th

e stick

ing me

chanis

m.

To

tals =

0 0 0S S0

STICKING MECHANISM EXERCISE

1. The drillstring was found stuck when pulling off the slips after a survey. The string is totally immobilized and circulation is impossible, what is the sticking mechanism?

2. During a trip out of the hole, the string became stuck on the slips while setting back stand #25. The string cannot be rotated or moved. The top of the BHA is in the middle of the kick-off and the bit is in the tangent section. Circulating pressure at drilling rate has not changed. What is the sticking mechanism?

3. Erratic torque and string bouncing have increased over the last 2 stands drilled. Increasing off-bottom torque trend. When picking up for a connection the string became stuck 3 feet from bottom. The string is totally immobilized, circulation is unrestricted. What is the sticking mechanism?

4. While pulling the BHA through a cement kick-off plug, overpull suddenly increase to 80,000 lbs. The string can be worked 10 - 20 feet with rotation possible at mid stroke (high erratic torque). Fluctuating, restricted circulating pressure. What is the sticking mechanism?

5. While slowly rotating and reaming to bottom after a trip, the mud motor stalled out and the string became stuck. The string cannot be moved up or down. String rotation is free and standpipe pressure increases when the string is rotated. Circulation pressure indicates a stalled motor and torque increases with pump pressure. What is the sticking mechanism?

Pack-Off Bridge Differential Geometry

Pack-Off Bridge Differential Geometry

Pack-Off Bridge Differential Geometry

Pack-Off Bridge Differential Geometry

Pack-Off Bridge Differential Geometry

Page 8

0 0 0S S0