St Anthony’s RC Primary School

Spelling, Punctuation and GrammarParents’ Guide

Year 5Vocabulary your child will need to know by the end of year 5

Term Definition Example Modal Verb A modal verb is an auxiliary verb which is used with another verb to talk

about possibility, probability, permission, intention, etc. The main modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would.

I can do this maths work by myself.This ride may be too scary for you!

Relative pronoun

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that its relative clause modifies. There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that

Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people. Whose is for possession. Which is for things. That can be used for things and people only in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information)**.

The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.

Relative Clause

A relative clause is introduce using that, which, who, whom, whose The girl, who was wearing a blue coat, ran after her dog.

Parenthesis A parenthesis is additional information added into a sentence as an explanation or an afterthought. A parenthesis can be shown using two brackets, two commas or two dashes.

Jamie Buxton, who fainted in church during his wedding, apologized to his wife by booking two tickets to New York

At midnight last night, Skip (a guard dog for Bonds Ltd in Bury) hospitalised two burglars before returning to eat the steaks they had thrown him.

Bracket()

You use brackets to separate a word or phrase from the main text, and you always use them in pairs. The brackets contain information that could be left out, and the sentence would still make sense.

His stomach (which was never very quiet) began to gurgle alarmingly.

Dash or Hyphen-

You use hyphens to connect two or more words which make up a compound noun oradjective.

Close-upAn ultra-huge sandwich.

Cohesion A text has cohesion if it is clear how the meanings of its parts fit together. Cohesive devices can help to do this.

A visit has been arranged for year 6, to the Mountain Peaks Field study Centre, leaving school at 9:30am. This is an overnight visit.

Ambiguity Ambiguity is a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning

The lady hit the man with an umbrella. (Is the lady using an umbrella to hit or is she hitting a man who is carrying an umbrella?)

He gave her cat food. (Is he giving cat food to her or is he giving her cat some food?)