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Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce

2012 Durham County Commissioners Voter’s Guide

Full Text Version

This is document 2 of 2, providing the full text response to the Durham Chamber’s candidate questionnaire provided to all 14 candidates for the Durham Board of County Commissioner race.

Question Index Page

1. Economic Development 1: Often, incentives are used by government to help persuade a company to relocate 2-3or expand into Durham County. Do you believe these incentive programs should be used by Durham County to create jobs and economic activity?

2. Economic Development 2: Do you support the Greater Durham Chamber's economic development strategies, 4-5specifically its business recruitment, expansion and entrepreneurial start up initiatives?

3. Permitting: Do you believe a coordinated, timely, "work to make it happen" permitting process for commercial 5-7development currently exists in Durham?

4. Land Use 1: The economic impact of land use regulations and other regulations adopted by the County Commission 7-8often change the potential tax base for Durham County. Do you believe that Durham County needs to place a higher priority on regulations and processes that increase Durham's tax base?

5. Land Use 2: Based on the statement above, would you support a policy that requires an independent economic 8-9impact analysis of all proposed land use decisions and related regulations to determine the net effect on the County's tax base prior to the approval of the project or adoption of the regulation?

6. Land Use 3: Do you believe there is a way to develop an innovative land use strategy for Durham that places equal 9-10priority on green field development AND in-fill development?

7. Tax Base: Do you believe that one of the most important functions of the County Commission is to find ways to 10-12strengthen the tax base for Durham County?

8. Transit: In 2011, the Durham Board of County Commissioners approved, with voter support, tax authority that 12-13supports multimodal transit options, specifically light rail, commuter rail along with enhancements to DATA. Do you support development policies that would help to create the level of density necessary to make economic development possible, thus enhancing transit options and ridership for Durham?

9. Tax Policy: Do you believe that Durham County taxpayers currently receive an appropriate return on their tax dollar 13-15investment in Durham County?

10. Efficiency of Government: Do you support taking another look at a merger of Durham County government and 15-16Durham City Government?

11. Disconnected Youth: Recently, Durham received an IBM Smarter Cities Grant to review and recommend improvements 16-18to how the community addresses its issue of disconnected youth. Do you support proposed strategies as outlined in the IBM final report and the County's engagement in executing those strategies?

Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce – 2012 Durham County Commissioners Voter’s Guide 1* Denotes incumbent

1. County Commissioner Candidate Questionnaire

Economic Development 1: Often, incentives are used by government to help persuade a company to relocate or expand into Durham County. Do you believe these incentive programs should be used by Durham County to create jobs and economic activity? If yes, should the process be objective formula based or subjective case-by-case? If no, please explain your answer.

Chamber’s Position: Yes. The process should be based on objective, published criteria that allow businesses to determine their eligibility.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – Yes. We live in a time in which incentives are the norm to compete for certain development; therefore, we must offer them in order to remain competitive with surrounding communities.

Burton, Dilcey Burton – No response.

Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. The Board of County Commissioners passed a Resolution Establishing the Durham County Economic Investment Fund April 13, 1996. The City of Durham, County of Durham, and State of North Carolina offer an array of incentives to help companies cover expenses on a case-by-case basis. Additionally, businesses can earn tax credits through investments and hiring performance. Types of credits offered by the three entities include Central Administrative Office, Capital Investment Incentive, Economic Development Investment, EC Rider Incentive for Electricity, Foreign Trade Zone, Industrial Revenue Bond, Investment Tax Credit, and the Research and Development Tax Credit. Each has detailed requirements including the maximum percentage of credit allowed, length of time the benefit will be provided, and anticipated benefits to the County, City, and State, e.g., the creation of certain number of full-time jobs paying an above-average wage, and how incentives can be forfeited if the company fails to meet its agreement(s).

I think the process should be objective based on job creation, the company’s ability to make a significant private investment while meeting payback guidelines, performance agreements, and investment levels. Companies must demonstrate their commitment to Durham by investing first with County funds to follow once the company meets some of its projected targets for job creation and investment levels.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. Absolutely, each incentive should be based on a case by case basis. I would like to see a committed element added that would request companies consider hiring qualified Durham residents. This would be based on our ability to assure we have the qualified people needed to fill these positions. Let me be clear. I am not advocating that we tell companies who they should hire, but simply request that they give our citizens a fair chance to be hired.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. Incentives are typically used by cities and counties to attract companies, and the failure of Durham County to provide incentives may potentially drive companies to ignore the possible location of commerce in our community. I believe incentive programs create jobs and economic activity, and a thorough review of said programs in Durham proves this point. However, Durham must develop clawback programs to ensure that in cases where companies fail to meet their obligations, we can execute measures to prevent harm to our community as has happened in Winston-Salem with the movement of Dell Computers. I think we need to use both objective formula and case review methods. Using both methods provide important benchmarks for review. The objective formula should be used as a probe and preliminary assessment whereas the case analysis provides an opportunity for a much deeper examination. Only after both processes are complete, should we make a decision. No company should be ruled out simply because it fails to meet the parameters of the objective formula. To sum up, the advocates of the county’s economic incentive program argue that the provision of incentives support market expansion and competition, more jobs, greater tax revenue, and intersectoral growth. The critics argue that Durham has no assurance that companies receiving incentives will make a long-term commitment to the community i.e. Dell Computers in Winston-Salem. Second, Durham has limited ways to enforce agreements or sanction corporate entities that fail to meet their commitments. Further, critics argue that using incentives without giving the appropriate attention to residual forces and/or peripheral matters such as balanced growth, possible sprawl, water management, and emissions may ultimately do more harm to the community in the long-term. The globalization of cheap labor represents a constant threat to local labor, and corporate entities may abandon local capital and labor at any time. Risk assessments must be constant and ongoing matters involving the provision of economic


incentives to corporate entities. I know of no oversight mechanisms that are currently sufficient. I would suggest convening a series of specialized meetings to fully explore the full use of ‘economic incentives’ prior to any offers. In any event, I propose the use of Auditors to fully explore and analyze all decisions involving the use of economic incentives. As a matter of accentuating transparency, I would propose that the full report deriving from the work be made public.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins – Yes. I will support giving more resources to workforce development to do more quality trades training programs. I will support creating an environment that is business friendly, by offering more incentives for businesses that relocate here and hire Durham County residents, make more resources available to small businesses for building improvement and expansion. I do believe it should be objectively formulated. We need to be clear about what we expect from businesses that relocate to Durham County.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton- Yes. I believe the Incentive programs should be used by Durham County to create jobs and economic activity. First and foremost the incentive program should allow Durham County to maintain a competitive edge. By this, I mean creating a vibrant climate which compels businesses to, at least, consider Durham when looking for site locations. The incentive program should be structured, built on a set of criteria that are needs driven and objectively measured, based on local circumstance relative to the labor force, community specific and county revenue needs. The formula should be either subjective, on a case by case basis or objective, because frequently often times the Board may not want to preclude meaningful jobs objectives or sufficient capital investment in our community. In Durham, we could have a company creating back and forth objective allowing for a stream line approach. While in the past Durham County has relied upon a subjective approach, I understand the objective base principal and how it can support the stream line project between public and private sector.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. The County has an approved policy which states that incentives can be used to attract businesses to the area. This is a common practice utilized by municipalities when creating jobs and other economic growth for the community. I do believe that incentives should be looked at on a case by case basis as each situation will require more or less attention to various details such as the number of job created or the amount of business anticipated.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs- Yes. The process for evaluation of the incentive program should involve both objective and subjective criteria. There should be objective criteria based on economic cost benefit analysis of what the projected return of the incentive investment will be to Durham taxpayers such as tax revenue, job creation, job training. But consideration should also be given for targeted businesses or industries we are trying to promote in Durham, location of business if we are promoting redevelopment of priority areas of Durham or areas that will support our mass transit plan, etc.

Owens, John Owens– Yes. At this point, incentive plans are part of the playing field. Without them, we’re not competitive. Objective formulas are fine in theory, and we do need basic metrics for determining an objective threshold. But the same types of inside deals that objective formulas are designed to prevent still happen when such schemes are in place. We shouldn’t let overly formulaic systems overrule sound judgment. Making sure the decisions are open and 100% transparent is a better guard against the dangers of a subjective choice system.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes. With the economy needing a boost and businesses not doing well as needed to survive the toughest times since the Great Depression we need to stimulate growth here in Durham through local efforts, incentives and initiatives to buy and sell here in Durham and not shop out of town. Keeping money here will stimulate local economy. This will take some strong marketing but we have the product of business and great people working as one team. Marketing our wares will make us a viable asset and very completive for new business.

*Page, Michael Page– Yes. We are in the business of facilitating opportunities for jobs and economic development for our county and if we have resources that could leverage support then I do support incentives for these companies. Perhaps we can search for other ways to attract these business but presently the incentives plan has been appealing to companies and this package can support their growth and development for future growth.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. I believe that we should combine an objective formula with flexibility to consider individual circumstances as we do now.

Wilson, William Wilson- Yes. Our county already uses incentives, and I think they should be done on a case-by-case basis. I generally believe that local government can and should develop policies and incentives for achieving public goals,


but there are important areas for policy discussions concerning incentives for large companies versus small companies, relocating companies versus expanding companies, and goals of jobs for unskilled workers versus jobs for highly skilled workers versus other public needs. I feel that government shouldn’t simply create jobs in direct competition with the private sector, but it can certainly use incentives to guide economic development. For example, good incentives encourage new stores and businesses in low-income, high unemployment areas, and encourage urban revitalization, making Durham a better place for everyone. Also, because Durham’s farms and forests protect the watersheds that provide our drinking water, other good incentives could keep our county’s farms economically viable to assure clean air and drinking water, and provide fresh, local foods and beautiful views. Good incentives provide many more benefits than just jobs. Bad incentives arise from, essentially, a company threatening to take the ball from the basketball game: If you don’t reduce our taxes, then we’ll take our jobs to China. Businesses taking that approach are interested in saving a penny or two on the dollar for their shareholders, and less about being good corporate citizens of Durham. These incentives use the very revenues our community needs to put into good incentives! These companies might also be in a maturing business that’s on a path from higher quality jobs during innovation to one of lower quality jobs as its products become commodities. It may be that providing these incentives participates in a race to the bottom on worker security and environmental protections, a race that can only be won by a nation that values neither.

2. Economic Development 2: Do you support the Greater Durham Chamber's economic development strategies, specifically its business recruitment, expansion and entrepreneurial start up initiatives? If yes, elaborate on why you support them. If no, please explain why.

Chamber’s Position: Yes. In the last 5 years, the Durham Chamber’s economic development efforts have averaged $750 M in new announced investment and 2700 new jobs per year, a return on investment of $5800 new dollars for every $1 spent.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – Yes. The Chamber of Commerce takes the lead in economic development; we depend upon its strategies to bring development to Durham County.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. I support the Greater Durham Chamber’s economic development strategies because they include a combination of recruitment, expansion, and entrepreneurial initiatives. While recruitment is critical to our economic development efforts, expansion is the least risky of the strategies because it strengthens a company’s connection to Durham and builds the local economy from within. Likewise, small business and entrepreneurial programs help to stimulate the economy.

The areas that can be explored and enhanced are the anticipated increase in the tax base, the number of jobs based on the level of incentive (as low as 10 jobs), and an increase in the number of Durham City/County residents hired for the jobs. A significant number of employees commute to Durham, so even if the tax base increases, property tax in the form of residential home ownership and sales tax revenue are following the employees to Wake, Orange, Person, and surrounding counties. Additionally, companies could guarantee a higher number of jobs, and a larger percentage increase in the tax base annually. The BOCC may consider passing a revision to the Resolution since it was passed more than 16 years ago.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. Absolutely, but I want to get our education institutions involved very early in this process. This involvement would revolve around the preparation of our citizens in understanding new business start-up, and help with getting them successfully through the first year of business.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. I support the Greater Durham Chamber’s approach because it is one of the few that addresses the need for a fully integrated approach to economic development in the entire community. While we can all play a significant role, entrepreneurial initiatives tend to be limited to specific segments of the community. Nevertheless, The Chamber must seek much closer relationships with existing startup businesses.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins - Yes. I support all sensible strategies that will bring jobs into the County. From what I know about the Chamber’s strategies, they are sound, but with more resources added to them just maybe within 3 or 5 years Durham County might once again be the center of Commerce again. I believe there have been positive things happening in Durham like the energy Bull City Forward the Underground Initiative, Durham Stampede and the new ideals like the Smoffice.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– Yes. The Chamber is the official Economic Development organization for Durham County. As a County commissioner, a decision maker for economic development projects it is important we support the


organizations task to strengthen the economic fiber of the community. I enthusiastically support the Greater Durham Chamber's economic development strategies, in particular, its strategies regarding business recruitment, expansion and entrepreneurial start-up initiatives. These strategies and initiatives are important to the economic stability of the overall Durham community. The presence of established, soon to be established and the active pursuit of startup entrepreneurial ventures are of critical importance to the economic fabric of the Durham community. We are very fortunate, thanks in large measure, to the continuing efforts of the Chamber, to be in the midst of an entrepreneurial boom that is attracting national attention. As a very desirable result, our community is also sparking dozens of successful new ventures that are transforming our local economy.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– No. I believe the time has come for the County to have more emphasis on Economic Development and may do a better job by having the program serve as an internal department headed up by a resource focused totally on the County’s needs.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs– Yes. I have been very impressed with Chamber efforts such as the Bull City Stampede and the Vision 3D campaign. The Chamber is an innovative, proactive and positive force in our community building partnerships with local businesses, large and small, our educational institutions and local government. I attended recent Chamber events such as the Economic Development Summit and believe that focus of the Chamber on supporting local businesses, entrepreneurship, and building on our academic institutions and global connections is vital.

Owens, John Owens– Yes. Durham is lucky to have a Chamber full of creative and progressive individuals. I wish Durham’s government were so lucky. My campaign office is based out of Bull City Forward, and for good reason. I meet a new amazing start-up every week. I constantly meet folks who moved here for the thriving entrepreneurial atmosphere. Keep up the good work.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes, and then some. It will take creative strategies and determination from the Chamber of Commerce to represent Durham and encourage new business while looking to the future for existing businesses already here.

*Page, Michael Page– Yes. I do support the Chamber of Commerce strategies for business recruitment. I value the relationship the chamber and county government has in working cooperatively to achieve success in bring companies to our community. The Chamber has spent considerable time working with small businesses to locate here and using creativity and innovation in bringing these companies to Durham. The relationship must continue and as we look to expand, we must find companies that meet the needs of our general population.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. The chamber does an excellent job serving as the county’s economic development partner. Recent initiatives, such as Startup Stampede, have created a new energy and positive buzz that have enhanced the Chamber’s impact.

Wilson, William Wilson- As I understand the present situation, Durham’s Chamber of Commerce and Downtown Development, Inc. implement Durham County’s incentives program according to Durham County’s policies. If the Chamber has a development strategy defined and funded independently of taxpayer money, I am unaware of it and am unsure what role county government would play in that strategy. The only version of the county’s incentives policy made available to candidates is the original 1996 economics incentives policy; however a search uncovers recent changes mentioned in local newspaper articles. Without up-to-date information, I am unclear what the present incentives policy actually states, and that situation makes it impossible for me to answer yes or no. The maximum incentive allowed under the 1996 policy is $2 million, and that amount was recently awarded (and combined with state and federal incentives) to encourage expansion of a company in Durham rather than a foreign country. There are certainly assurances built into the incentives policy, such as payment after Certificates of Occupancy are granted or reaching other performance goals, and installment payments to ensure compliance. There are also requirements of independent capital investment that exceeds $15 million and creation of at least 40 new jobs. Some incentives also go to training local workers. But, in the end, it’s money that could have gone to other parts of our county’s budget, so we must be vigilant. In keeping with my progressive philosophy, I have a preference for incentivizing small business, especially those being started by individuals. I’m thrilled with the recent “smoffice” contest, and the CoC/DDI interest in startups, whether that comes from a county policy direction or not! Although harder to administer and ascertain compliance, we should consider a “microincentives” policy for individuals starting new businesses. I have much to learn, but it might well be that some small business ventures face small hurdles. If a $25,000 public investment overcomes a hurdle for some new small business, $2 million could lead to 80 new small businesses. Of course, running a county-level “Small Business Administration” doesn’t sound ideal, and has less economy-of-scale, but the present incentives program seems to have an inherent preference for large business. We might want to rethink that policy preference.


3. Permitting: Do you believe a coordinated, timely, "work to make it happen" permitting process for commercial development currently exists in Durham? If yes, please cite examples of why you believe this to be true. If no, please cite specific examples of what you would do to strengthen the process.

Chamber’s Position: No. Durham’s permitting process should mirror the community’s strong interest in jobs and investment by facilitating timely, cost effective reviews and approval.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – No. The permitting process is too slow, expensive, and cumbersome. The process needs to user friendly and faster.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – No. While I believe the process is coordinated due to the Unified Development Ordinance, the permitting process is lengthy in Durham County, especially when compared to our neighboring counties. We need a fast track program to help expedite the process and a way to strengthen the process is to invite all relevant departments to meet with the applicants to work through issues to improve efficiencies without eliminating the permitting requirements.

One specific change that comes to mind is the length of the application process. Wake County’s application process takes approximately 45-days while Durham’s is closer to 12-months. This lengthy process can discourage business owners and developers from pursuing Durham as a location to develop/expand, choosing Wake or other counties instead.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. I believe the chamber has to do a better job at educating our citizens as to the process of areas where commercial development may occur, what type of development, its intended purpose and how this development is good for the community.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. However, layers of officials constrain timely progress given the multiplicity of interests to which they owe their allegiance. The 751 project is a clear example of the complications arising from a broken process of commercial development. Had there been an accentuation of transparency and compliance with the existing rules and regulations in the beginning of the entire process, a minimum winning coalition of like minds could have moved the process of commercial development along. I would recommend that all of the parties to the 751 Project, City, and County officials sign a commitment (disclosure form) limiting the capacity of any one person and/or group (exogenous in nature) to undermine the effort. Fearful of the outcomes resulting from negotiations, distrust developed and led to a cultivation of hostility that became a feature of media exposure, legal disputes, and, and debate.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins– Yes. I believe this is so because of the time it took theses businesses to open the coffee shop in Golden Belt, the Geer Street Garden Restaurant and Chicken & Waffles.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– No. While worthy of continuing review, I do feel that the “entrepreneurial boom” reflects how inviting the business climate is in Durham. I support on-going efforts to streamline and improve the development review process. This is not to suggest; however, that the Joint City-County planning and development team is not doing a commendable job to ensure that the review process is smoothly efficient. As with many processes, the current process could be improved by offering a fast track program for expediting steps for the approval of permits. The Planning Board and the Board of Commissioners give extensive time and attention to planning and development review. It is necessary that we remain keenly aware of the importance of maintaining a positive neighborhood livability climate and properly balance that objective with business growth initiatives. That said, writing quality policy procedures and making good development procedures deserve adequate time for deliberation and review. Whenever there is a change in the Unified Development Ordinance, the real estate community needs to be welcomed and encourage participate in the planning and decision-making review process.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– No. Once again, I believe in a more focused approach would strengthen the process which means returning to an interagency process with more contact with other similarly situated jurisdictions. It’s just not happening fast enough.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs- Yes and No. From my experience with the planning department as a member of the Planning Commission and as a private developer I would say that the process has improved, is getting better but there are opportunities for more areas of improvement. The Development Review Process Portal, Development Tracking Map and Planning Department Newsletter, and changes to timelines for development review and approvals have improved communication and coordination. But it is critical that guidelines, ordinances and procedures are clear and consistent from


the beginning of the process. An expedient, seamless structure should be in place to ensure that the process is timely, efficient and fair incorporating all of the departments involved in the development review and approval process (planning, transportation, storm water, engineering, and health departments).

Owens, John Owens– No. Durham is much better about permitting than many (or even most?) other cities. But I wouldn’t say we have a coordinated or timely system. For one thing, we have an often-lengthy negotiation process of committed elements that should have been in the general code to start with. For another, we have many parking requirements that are logistical and financial problems. In short, the guidance isn’t there from the top to make sure the type of commercial development Durham needs (and the commission will approve) is fast-tracked.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes, but there is room for improvement to remove many of the hurdles that can cause delays, time and serious manpower costs. Would like to see things more expedient and customer friendly.

*Page, Michael Page– No. I have been made aware of the complicated process for gaining permits. We must look for convenient methods to work with inspections and planning to make our process “user friendly” It is not necessary to take our citizens and businesses through a rigorous process but review how we can overcome some hurdles to make the process simple. I am not sure what these examples are however I am willing to work with our department heads in achieving this process.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– No. While there have been times that the Board has asked the staff to fast track a development project that had special timing needs that is generally not the case. The time it takes to get through the permitting process and the consistency of the advice and administrative decisions can and should be improved. The Planning Department is currently reviewing the UDO to remove some of the administrative discretion and help expedite the process. Other departments within the City, such as transportation and storm water services, should also undergo a similar review.

Wilson, William Wilson- I really can’t answer that one with specific respect to commercial development. What I do know is that our development process pays too little respect for the comprehensive plan. In some cases, the permitting process might well be correct in working to not make it happen. We need development that conforms with our community’s goals, not conform our community’s goals to whatever proposed development might come along.

4. Land Use 1: The economic impact of land use regulations and other regulations adopted by the County Commission often change the potential tax base for Durham County. Do you believe that Durham County needs to place a higher priority on regulations and processes that increase Durham's tax base? If yes, what regulations/processes would you propose implementing that would illustrate potential shifts to the County’s tax base? If no, please elaborate on why you believe this should not be a priority for the County.

Chamber’s Position: Yes. Durham should permit increased density in mixed use and commercial corridors and relieve the regulatory burden associated with these projects.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – Yes. Durham needs to relax some of its watershed rules along with the size of some building restrictions per land base.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. Real estate/personal property and sales taxes are the two major revenue sources available to the BOCC. Additionally, the County receives a small amount of intergovernmental revenue from the state and some federal funding (Medicaid and Medicare) which is targeted for specific populations. Local governments need to ensure the continued expansion of our tax base to minimize the need to generate additional revenue from existing businesses and residents. The growing demands to provide more services and resources will require officials to operate government even more efficiently while pursuing tax base expansion options.

As a commissioner, I will review existing land use policies and regulations and work with all stakeholders – developers, residents, and County staff to ensure the goal of expanding our tax base is achieved.


Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. Absolutely, increasing our tax base should be a high priority item. We must be responsible to assure we understand what the environmental impact will be as well as the effect this will have on our citizens, our schools and existing business in the community.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins– Yes. I do believe The County should place a higher priority on our tax base. I do have some in mind along our home ownership process, like coming up with ways to help folks keep their homes. I will have to give the business piece some thought.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– Yes. I support a City-County policy requiring a tax base impact analysis of current regulations. We would want to look at any regulations that might negatively impact the tax base growth. Given Durham recent passage of the Transit tax, we now need to consider ways to increase density in corridors that support the transit design. We must decide what we want our county to look like in different time spans so we can have measurable milestones that allow us to adjust as we drive to a goal of industry based business relocation or startup.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. If sources can be identified. For example, electronic billboards, tastefully done, can increase the tax base. We can look for other such sources.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs- Yes and No. I believe that there are many factors that are important part of our land use and other regulations that are part of the big picture of making sure Durham has a vibrant economy and is a great place to work and live for everyone. Increasing our tax base is important and should be also be connected to job creation, support of mass transit, maintaining a healthy mix of land uses, and protection of our natural resources such as drinking water, which is essential for economic development. The complexity and interaction of these factors are spelled out in our adopted Comprehensive Land Use Plan. I would support innovative strategies and incentives through zoning regulations, small area plans, grants, and designated development/redevelopment areas to promote economic development and job creation.

Owens, John Owens– No. I hate using the phrase “smart growth.” These days that phrase basically means “growth I like.” Nonetheless, I have to say that the contrast between smart growth and a broad tax base is a false dichotomy. We can, and should, have a land-use regulatory scheme that broadens the tax base by increasing economic growth and incoming population. Durham’s urban core has plenty of unused land, we don’t always have to grow out. I’m not saying growing the tax base is something we shouldn’t prioritize. But it should be prioritized within the framework of our overall development goals.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes. With a restriction as long as it does not hurt the property owners by increasing any local tax due by the citizens of Durham and its property owners. A reasonable process is needed that will encourage a new tax base while adding jobs, reasonable growth and a more customer friendly approach to the tax payers and future business owners. Regulations can be changed to benefit all and not just the government entity.

*Page, Michael Page– No. I don’t feel that this should be a priority for our county at this time. We have taxed our citizens to a point of no return and I just believe there are some other logical ways that we can accomplished this as oppose to another tax increase.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. We should consider the economic impact of new regulations and processes and work to expand the tax base whenever possible. As an example, we just adopted the Compact Design District regulations which call for up to 60/units to the acre near our future transit stations which will create great development potential in all these locations.

Wilson, William Wilson- No. Durham will always need clean water. Our water comes primarily from two surface-fed reservoirs, Lake Michie and the Little River Reservoir, and those watersheds are mostly rural. We must regulate the impervious surface fractions in those watersheds to no more than 6%. The need for clean water trumps the need for changing that regulation simply to increase the tax base. Yes. We have a zoning regulation that prohibits a farmer’s market to, specifically, retail zoning. That regulation inhibits economic viability of our agricultural areas by greatly limiting where producers can sell their goods.

5. Land Use 2: Based on the statement above, would you support a policy that requires an independent economic impact analysis of all proposed land use decisions and related regulations to determine the net effect on the


County's tax base prior to the approval of the project or adoption of the regulation? If yes, why would you support this? If no, why would you oppose this?

Chamber’s Position: Yes. Taxpayers in Durham should be informed of the impact on their tax bills prior to a decision to a decision to deny or approve a project.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser - I am willing to support this on a case by case need basis.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Neutral. I reviewed the Greater Durham Chamber’s 2011 Legislative Priorities and see support for a policy requiring independent economic impact analysis for removal of properties in the Urban Growth Boundaries. While I understand the benefit for a process like this, the two concerns I have are how would the analyses be funded and how might affordable housing development (which would not yield the same level of net effect on the County’s tax base) be evaluated? I like the idea but would like to know how the Chamber proposes to address the aforementioned items.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. I would support this because it is vital that we know before-hand what the positives or negative affects any new business or change in land use would have in this community. This important information would assist in getting citizens on board with new business or land use changes.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. Because failure to so may ultimately require the County to absorb unseen costs for which there may not be a precedent. Further, the erosion of the County’s tax base could result from repeated efforts by entities to escape scrutiny.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins- I cannot answer this question at this time because I am not up to speed on the processes at this time. I would just recommend that for deals valued at a minimum amount would have to be properly studied.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– Yes. I would support independent economic impact analyses of the Unified Development Ordnance as it is in relationship to tax base expansion. It is important that elected official understand the impact of potential decisions the fiscal impact that a recommendation could have on Durham’s tax base.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. Such an analysis would save a lot of time and disappointment when proposed effects fail to happen.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs- Yes and No. In theory this is a good idea but I do not think this is practical to say we can do this for all proposed land use decisions. It would be helpful to have a cost benefit analysis/independent economic impact analysis for large projects that will have significant impact on traffic, infrastructure, services, adjoining land use/existing development, water usage, etc. But these studies are expensive and time consuming. With implementation of our mass transit plan we will hopefully be moving toward more large scale high density mixed use projects and it may make sense to have an established criteria where/when this type of study is required and part of the overall analysis similar to the way traffic studies are required for specific projects.

Owens, John Owens- I would need to do more academic research on this to give a firm answer. Has such a scheme been adopted with positive results in other municipalities? On the one hand, the cost of such a study would be a negative externality ultimately applied to the firms. That would hurt the smallest upstart businesses. And the independent analysis would likely dramatically undervalue the potential of startups and new businesses. On the other hand, the impact analysis could help show the commission the real-dollar implications of things like downzoning an area because of a small amount of neighborhood pressure.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett- I would need to see more specifics on this before making a specific determination. There are a lot of restrictions that are in place now that cause families to move and to build in other counties even when they own land here in Durham. The UDO appears to be a tool to slow growth and eliminate the family homesteads and farms as previous family generation thought would carry on into the future. Now these very institutions are threatened by the anti-growth movement even when the growth is reasonable, creates jobs and encourages new business.

*Page, Michael Page– Yes. This would allow us to receive revenue from outside sources.


*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes, in certain circumstances. It would be cumbersome to do such an impact analysis with all proposed land use decisions and related regulations. However, I support doing an economic and fiscal impact analysis for large scale developments and major regulatory changes. It is important to assess both the increase in the tax base and the cost of services to the development so we can make an informed decision.

Wilson, William Wilson- No. An economic impact analysis does not necessarily account for community wishes and goals, and if those wishes are adamantly opposed to a land use decision, then the EIA would be a waste of money. Again, we need development that conforms with our community’s goals That said, an EIA can be very informative on the costs and benefits of a land use decision, highlighting important unintended consequences that the community’s strong desires might incur.

6. Land Use 3: Do you believe there is a way to develop an innovative land use strategy for Durham that places equal priority on green field development AND in-fill development? If yes, please share some best case examples that illustrate the opportunities in Durham. If no, please explain.

Chamber’s Position: Yes. Smart communities are balancing both green field development and in-fill by encouraging such development through incentives and regulation as part of a comprehensive plan.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – No. Again, this has to be done on a case by case basis.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. Two very successful examples of balancing green field and in-fill development are Southpoint Mall, American Tobacco and Golden Belt developments. Durham should continue to build upon these successful projects as we develop innovative land use strategies to expand our tax base while protecting our environment and utilizing in-fill development.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. There are several areas in Durham that we are revitalizing existing areas which I support this strategy but we also have many suburban areas would benefit from development without being overburden with regulation.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. As we look at the recent support for the building of homes and/or the restoration of homes in the South Alston area (i.e. Eastway) of Durham, land use strategy has been employed to accentuate the ecology of communities. In addition, many of the dilapidated properties have been restored, and vacant lots are dwindling. One of the most significant challenges for in-fill development is absentee landlords. The county must move to acquire these properties and/or partner with agents to accentuate in-fill development. However, the county must provide incentives for cooperation.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins- Yes, I do believe we can come up with a working plan. I don’t know if there is one in Durham County at present.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton- Yes. Personally I believe a strategy plan has been needed for some time. Within this plan we should indentify green field and in-fill development opportunities and find creative ways for us to encourage development within these areas while balancing the economic and environmental concerns of all of the citizens.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. We must always look for a holistic approach to meeting the needs of growth and development for our community.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs- Yes. We have had great examples of both green field and in fill or redevelopment projects. The Triangle Metro Center at Davis Drive and Hopson and Crosland’s Beth Page are great green field, large scale mixed use projects that are near existing employment centers-RTP-and along major transportation corridors. The Metro Center is located at one of our future rail stops. Exciting approved mixed use redevelopment projects such as Scientific Properties’ Heritage Square near 147 and Fayetteville Street and University Marketplace in the South Square area both re-envision strip mall developments. We are experiencing the revitalization of many historic structures and areas in our downtown. We have many opportunities in Durham to repurpose empty strip malls and corporate buildings in RTP, make use of infill areas or bring high density mixed use projects to locations that will align with our mass transit and land use plans that can bring jobs and economic development to needed areas in Durham.


Owens, John Owens– No. I get suspicious whenever anyone uses the phrase “equal” for priorities, or similar zero-sum issues. Green field is important, but the different types of projects that qualify for that title is staggering. In-fill is a higher priority for me, but that doesn’t mean it should be a higher priority for the county—it just happens to be an issue I ‘m better versed on because of its relationship to poverty and other issues high on my priority list. The best case example of in-fill is obviously East Durham. Walking East on Main St., as you pass the Courthouse and cross Roxboro, we all know what you see. It’s a blighted area just blocks away from half-million dollar condos.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes. There are many avenues, experts and professional educated in this arena of concern. These individual have spent many years looking at ways to resolve these issues without compromising the integrity of a project. We need to look toward them to create a working relationship to all communities.

*Page, Michael Page– No. I believe would it be difficult to implement due to diversity of the applications that are received on this matter.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. As the quantity of vacant land and large green field tracts goes down, it will be essential to promote in-fill development and redevelopment opportunities, particularly in locations close to road and transit services. The new strategic plan for Research Triangle Park will provide an opportunity to do some important in-fill and redevelopment in RTP.

Wilson, William Wilson– No. An important word is “innovative” and an important phrase seems to be “equal priority.” A policy’s desired fraction of green field development could range from choosing to put green field development completely off-limits up to continuing the sprawl of the last several decades into our critical watersheds. Sprawl is certainly not innovative, but defining the fraction “one-half” as “innovative” seems rather arbitrary. The underlying reality of the question is that forests and farms are the cheapest land to develop, they can only be developed once, but once developed they are forever “brown fields.” The real question becomes one of future land use priorities, and what value we place on open space, farmland, parks, clean water, and clean air. Until we place serious limits on developing the cheapest land, few innovative redevelopment projects are likely to come forward.

7. Tax Base: Do you believe that one of the most important functions of the County Commission is to find ways to strengthen the tax base for Durham County? If yes, please cite specific examples of how you might work towards achieving that. If not, please cite what functions in your opinion are more important.

Chamber’s Position: Yes. Facing rapidly increasing operating costs and deteriorating public infrastructure, Counties need to place a high priority on growing the tax base so taxpayers are not burdened with additional costs. The best way to do this is by placing a high value on development that produces more taxes than it costs in services, such as commercial and industrial development.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – Yes. We have to meet state mandates and sometimes federal mandates that require budgetary increases. To avoid tax increases, we must increase the tax base to cover our needs for additional revenues. The 751 South Project would strengthen our tax base and provide such revenues to offset tax increases.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. In lieu of increasing taxes and fees rates, I prefer expanding local sales tax revenue by increasing the amount of goods purchased in Durham. Several months ago, Durham citizens were urged to buy local (Shop Independent Durham week) to increase sales revenue by supporting local businesses to keep money circulating in our local economy. The County’s and City’s public information officers in collaboration with the Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce and Durham Convention and Visitors Bureau can generate a year-round marketing strategy to remind Durham citizens of the importance of shopping locally vs. driving to Wake (Crabtree, Triangle Town Center, Cary Town Center, North Hills); Alamance County (Tanger Outlets, Burlington Outlet Village), and Orange County (University Mall, Southern Village Market).

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. Absolutely, I would fully support using incentives as a way to attract new business. I would work to support better schools, a well-educated work force and low taxes as ways to make Durham a more desirable place to locate.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. A series of small businesses in downtown Durham has led to an explosion of commerce that has contributed to the tax base of the community. We should expect an ever expanding body of commerce in this respect.


Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins– Yes. I do believe this to be a large part of what the Commissioner’s job is. Helping recruit new business to relocate to Durham County, making sure that we have a well trained workforce, making sure we have workforce housing available, making sure that we have a business friendly environment in the County.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– Yes. Contrary to popular belief, it is not the continued effort to raise property taxes or create individual sales tax mandates. We must work to increase the tax base while ensuring that the taxes are used in an efficient and effective manner. To increase the tax base we must attract more people to live and work in Durham County. This means that people must have a development to live in and that there must be a business environment that attracts new business to Durham County and development to meet the business needs. More over we must have education for Durham County residents that meets the need of the jobs offered by the new industry that we develop in Durham County. We must look at industry focused recruitment and not just business focused recruitment for growth.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. I believe in smart growth development which supports vibrant, healthy communities. Emphasis should be placed on density and infrastructure which makes the project compatible with similar communities. I would approve projects that support this premise. Gone are the days for gigantic developments with thousands of homes.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs– Yes. I think this is one of the many important functions of County government. We must make sure we use our tax revenue to deliver high quality County services in the most effective, accountable and efficient way possible. We must strengthen our base by ensuring that we have a diverse and balanced mix of sources of tax revenue: residential, office, commercial, retail and industrial development. We must also manage our finances in a responsible way so that we carefully manage investments made with our tax revenue and the debt service that we incur with capital improvement projects which all affect our usable tax base.

Owens, John Owens– No. If the commission does a good job improving our schools, lowering our crime rate, and eliminating intergenerational poverty, our tax base will be strengthened more than if we prioritized expanding it in the short-term. Less crime and better schools would bring in more, and higher income, populations from suburban Wake County. It would also raise property values, and lead to large economic expansion in East and SouthEast Durham. Win-win.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes. Increasing the tax base will keep the tax increases off the table in our difficult times. We must market our wares and reach harder and farther to bring new business to Durham. We need to offer incentives to fill empty space by working with those owning the empty spaces. Some money in a bad economy is better than no money. Incentive to the property owners as well as the new business. Reasonable development should not be seen as a negative but as a positive increasing the tax base and creating sustainable jobs.

*Page, Michael Page– Yes. We have been elected to provide vision and direction for our county and it is important that Commissioners are always seeking ways to build the tax base and support economic development that is appropriate and advocate for smart growth. We must work cooperatively with our non -profits and city government leaders to maximize our resources to effectively bring opportunities to strengthen the tax base.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. We are guided by that goal whenever we provide economic development incentives. As an example of my commitment, I won a Triangle Business Journal Space Award several years ago for my work on the Quintiles headquarters project.

Wilson, William Wilson– No. Government revenue is not an end in itself; revenue is needed to solve the problems of living together. When there is no crime, no homelessness, abundant clean air and water, no conflicts, no hungry children, and no children in need of an education, then our government will need no revenue. Those concerns, of course, will always exist, but solving those problems are what government must focus on. A community that’s committed to solving these problems can find the revenue and use it wisely. Tremendous needs exist in Durham, and solving them directly increases our tax base. For example, there’s a broad effort called the “East Durham Children’s Initiative (EDCI)” focused on a 120 block area that includes about 3,000 kids under age 18, and where the per capita annual income sits around $11,000. EDCI is “committed to helping kids in East Durham get ready for college or a career … by working together with people and organizations in the community to provide a pipeline of high-quality services for children and families starting at birth and continuing through high school”. Although presently funded entirely through private foundations, solving the problems of poverty in our community should be foremost. If we can solve the problem of poverty, then the tax base is increased as a consequence. I believe Durham is a progressive community that cares for everyone and that outlook is its main attraction for business development. If there are things we need to do, I see it as the BOCC’s job to bring those goals to the community for discussion, to set the policies we need to accomplish them.


8. Transit: In 2011, the Durham Board of County Commissioners approved, with voter support, tax authority that supports multimodal transit options, specifically light rail, commuter rail along with enhancements to DATA. Do you support development policies that would help to create the level of density necessary to make economic development possible, thus enhancing transit options and ridership for Durham? If yes, please elaborate on what policies you would recommend implementing. If no, please explain why you would not support them.

Chamber’s Position: Yes. Mass transit is only cost effective if highly utilized. Increased density along mass transit corridors encourages development that would provide the ridership that will make mass transit cost effective for Durham.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – Yes. I would support more dense development along with relaxing some development rules to make this happen.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. The citizens of Durham took the first step in the County’s quest to improve public transportation by supporting the Public Transportation Referendum on the November 8, 2011 ballot. I supported the mass transit sales tax because in order for people to visit and/or move to Durham, we need the proper infrastructure to accommodate them.

While Durham took the lead in this endeavor, we still have much work to do. We want people to visit and/or move to Durham, but our infrastructure is inadequate to accommodate them. Triangle residents are constantly stuck in traffic on clogged roadways and eventually, we will be exposed to poor air quality if all adults and their teens (who are old enough to drive and own vehicles) continue our current transportation patterns (driving cars). We need to get people out of their cars and create other forms of transit that are both tied to destinations of importance and get citizens where they need to be in a timely fashion.

As a Commissioner I will support policies that are designed to create density around our transit corridors. The development in the Irwin Road/ 9th Street area is an example of government and community stakeholders working together to create higher density nodes in support of transit.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. Absolutely, but I want to be careful with density. If we can keep from placing too much burden on water and sewer resources, schools, recreation areas and roads must be fully understood. As we build new business and communities we much assure that we have a transportation system that can move people quickly throughout the area.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. Given the current body of commerce at the center of Durham County, more must be done to make it more attractive. The extent to which density increases will be driven by high quality housing, more jobs, and better schools. Also, the offer of tax incentives and/or reduction of taxes will obviously impact transit options and ridership. But in pursuing this option, public safety must be accentuated. Otherwise, the level of density might increase but the public will not use multimodal transit options.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins– Yes. I do, as long as it brings, jobs, housing and business opportunities, to the homeless, ex-offenders and the unemployed. I am in the process of some things together now.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– Yes. In keeping with those standards and practices which govern the shape and character of Durham’s current comprehensive planning process which, among other things, develop land use standards which address matters which influence levels of density. Thousands of residents are not drivers or legally authorized to drive. A tax that supports multimodal transit options helps provides jobs, as well as opportunities for persons to gain employment or by accessibility. We must look at how other cities have thriving economies grew because of expanded transit options which broadens a person’s access to job opportunities.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. Policies that partner with our connecting jurisdictions would be appropriate since this is something that the County cannot do alone.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs– Yes. I am a strong supporter of our proposed regional mass transit plan. I believe this is the best blueprint for how our area can continue to grow in a sustainable way, remain competitive on a national scale and provide an engine for economic development in the years ahead. I hope that our Wake and Orange partners will move forward with support for their ½ cent transit tax to provide a funding source for implementation of the regional plan. If not, I would promote efforts for Durham to use our approved funding source to move forward with our plan in what ways we


can. Improved bus transit would be a first step. I would support use of our planning process and development of station area plans and rail corridor land use plans to promote a successful mass transit system.

Owens, John Owens- Absolutely. We should stop creating parking subsidies, and we should stop requiring new businesses to create them. We should allow dense growth wherever it is called for. Neighborhood character can be maintained even as density goes up. Neighborhoods will change slightly as they grow more dense, but all neighborhoods are going to change over time anyway. Better transit options would be great for business, the environment, and most importantly the people of Durham.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes. Everyone of the county entities would have to equal share in the investment and the process and performance of the system would need to be completed yearly to determine if we were getting what we need from the coalition effort.

*Page, Michael Page– Yes. I feel that Durham is growing at a rapid pace and if we are going to be able to maintain this growth and provide for the necessary infrastructure we must began now at looking ahead of our to accommodate our transportation concerns. The failing economy also suggest that address more effective modes of transportation to support citizens and commuting cost. These options that have been suggested are used in other communities and proven successful.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. As I stated earlier, we need walkable mixed use development with high density near the proposed station areas to support transit. Recently, we adopted the Compact Design District overlay. For each station area, the staff will be working with the property owners and key stakeholders to develop the overlay plan taking into account local conditions. The recently completed Ninth Street plan provides a template for much greater development intensity and density to support transit.

Wilson, William Wilson- Yes and No. I believe buses are the quickest, best, and cheapest solution to our transportation concerns and the fastest adaptation to a vastly different energy future. We should double the number of routes and increase the frequencies to 10 minutes. As it is, when buses come only every 30 minutes, and take you to a connection where you might end up waiting another 30 minutes for another bus, only those people with no other option will use them. For most people, an unreliable bus system is no system at all. We need to encourage bus transportation, not design it for failure. I’ve been to many places that have fantastic transportation systems, and I’m envious. Sure, the clean and quiet light rail systems grab my eye, but in every case a well-functioning bus system underpins the LRT or subway system. Right now local discussion surrounds providing the eye-pleasing mass transit technologies like regional rail and light rail transit. I’m a bit of a contrarian with respect to other Democrats on this issue, but without a well-functioning and highly demanded bus system, how can we possibly expect other mass transit systems to be successful? Of course I’m also a contrarian with respect to those that want to eliminate all forms of mass transit because they invariably lose money: our system of interstate highways also “lose” money and require tax money for upkeep, but, just like public mass-transit systems, they provide the oil to our economic engine. Mass transit also helps increase air quality, and thus reduces respiratory health problems, and reduces road upkeep expenses. Looking at the broader picture, a successful bus system pays off. A high density urban core that stops sprawl into our watersheds is a key feature of smart transportation planning. Though our community is talking about high density development surrounding transit centers, most discussions involve new green field development along these mass transit corridors rather than building mass transit systems with existing technologies that involve existing housing. In my opinion we should provide mass transit for the developments already on the ground through the use of buses.

9. Tax Policy: Do you believe that Durham County taxpayers currently receive an appropriate return on their tax dollar investment in Durham County? If yes, why do you believe that? If no, what would you do to increase the return?

Chamber’s Position: Unsure. Durham County taxes are higher than average in the state of NC. While taxes pay for many services, we are concerned that Durham taxpayers may soon see a diminishing return on their investment without a substantial increase in tax base cover, growing costs and services.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – No. I would increase our tax base through new and existing development so that I could lower the tax rate for our citizens.



Daniels, Anita Daniels – No. While we have made progress in ensuring county government operates in an efficient manner (specifically Tax Administration and the Register of Deeds as two solid examples), there are still areas for improvement. Establishing proper internal controls is one example of how I will immediately impact county operations.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – No. Durham County resident are simply not getting enough of the high paying jobs that are coming to this area. We must make this a high priority and better educate our citizens to prepare them for new opportunities. For example: 90% percent of the Research Triangle Park is located in Durham County with a work force of about 40,000 thousand people, yet less than 5% percent of Durham County Residents are employed in the park. This is simply unacceptable.

Foster, Fred Foster – No. I would propose a thorough audit of Durham County by multiple interlocking sources whose work draws on local as well as national resources. Appropriate returns on tax dollar investments cannot be achieved unless members of the community assume ownership for both the successes and failures of policies. There is too much waste and duplication of services that dampens and/or constrains returns on tax dollar investments.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins– No. I do not believe we do. I am trying to figure that out. I believe more of our tax dollars should go for more infrastructure things like; sidewalks, road repairs, neighborhood revitalization efforts.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– It really depends on the area of focus and the real answers are in the details. Diverse taxpayers would have different answers on the same topics. As a County Commissioner I understand that the taxpayers are responsible for things that are mandated by the State. These mandates are Education, Health and Human Services and Public Safety. There are also things that are not mandated by the State but we fund because of the positive impact to the community at large, for instance the grants given to non-profits that help in areas of workforce development, our seniors programs, and our youth programs. There are always ways to create better efficiencies in government. I am always looking to find the leaders within county government that helps create those effective efficiencies.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman- No. Durham needs to do more to protect taxpayers from short cuts taken by developers that prevent taxpayers from getting what they pay for. For example, I live in a community which has an unfinished surface on the community roads. In winter, I do not receive the same services (clearing the roadway from snow) because my roads remain unfinished. This should have been a committed element in the development plan, a detail that was overlooked. I, along with other unsuspecting taxpayers, are left holding the financial bag. And, this is not uncommon.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs– Yes and No. I believe that county finances are soundly managed. Durham County is one of only 40 counties, out of the 4,000 in the United States, to receive a AAA bond rating, we have the highest tax collection in the state at 99%, we are experiencing some, even if small increase in tax revenue and we spend a small percentage of our revenue on debt service (with our property tax rate of 74.59 cents per $100 valuation, 5.94 cents goes to debt service with the remainder going toward the general fund). That being said, I think we need a better return on our investment in education in Durham. We currently spend about a third of our tax dollars on public education and with low achievement among minorities and economically disadvantaged students as well as our high drop out rate we can and need to do better.

Owens, John Owens– No. Our schools are the most obvious example. We’re not getting our money’s worth from the public school system. The does not mean we should defund them, or that increased spending is out of the question. But reforming that system would dramatically improve Durham’s taxpayer’s return on investment.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes. For the most part I think the return is a good one.

*Page, Michael Page– Yes. It is not easy to implement a tax policy on our citizens, they faced huge amounts of debt and new debt and then to have to deal with additional taxes. However, it is imperative that our citizens understand it is necessary for elected officials to impose these taxes to be able to support infrastructure and needed resources our community need in order to respond to growth.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. While our taxes are higher than the average in the state, our citizens receive a higher level of service in most areas. For example, our library system is considered one of the best in the state and our mental health department has received many state and national awards.

Wilson, William Wilson- I’m not clear on the meaning of “appropriate return on their tax dollar investment,” outside the context of our economic incentives policies. For example, it costs $25,000 per year to incarcerate a 16-year old, but we spend only $3,100 per year on educating a 16-year old in our public school system. What is the “return” on each of these “investments” and does one expenditure provide a better “return” than the other? I know someone who’s a diabetic


double-amputee, has no assets, and cannot work; how do we measure the appropriate “return” on the public health and social services expenditures for that person? It comes down to my belief that the function of government is to solve our community’s problems. We have challenging problems, we always will, but as a community, I feel we have a moral obligation to take care of our needy. The “return” is not always monetary and not always easy to measure. Of course I want to make sure we aren’t wasting resources because we have so many unmet needs, but I reject the “waste and inefficiency” arguments that we can incarcerate a 16-year old for, say, just $20,000 and educate a child for just $2,500 rather than the present allocated amounts. We’ve been cutting and cutting for too many years. It costs money to do things well, and, though we use to be a nation that valued those investments, we seem to have lost that appreciation. I will do what I can to speak positively for the value of our expenditures.

10. Efficiency of Government: Do you support taking another look at a merger of Durham County government and Durham City Government? If yes, please explain why you support that. If no, please explain why you would not support that.

Chamber’s Position: Yes. We believe it is the fiduciary responsibility of all elected officials to periodically review the potential cost efficiencies of a consolidated government, which has been successfully implemented in many larger communities.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – Yes. I support this in hopes of reducing the tax burden on our citizens.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. I am open to reviewing county operations to assess the feasibility of merging City/County government and or specific areas that would benefit from merger. The BOCC and City Council have already consolidated some functions to improve efficiencies and decrease the burden on tax payers. We still have opportunities, e.g., Solid Waste Collection, Budget, Finance, Clerk to the Board/Council, Public Affairs, City/County Attorney, Audit, Manager’s Office, Information Technology, Human Resources, and Recycling/Fleet Management to name a few. We also need to create the appropriate team to be involved in some of our capital expenditures like software purchases used for departments that serve some of the same clientele, e.g., mental health, public health, and social services. Each department uses different client management systems when they are likely serving close to 50% (if not more) of the same citizens. An area that may create challenges is public safety because the Sheriff is elected and the Police Chief is appointed.

Additionally, some departments appear to be too top heavy. I believe we still have opportunities to reduce overlap, consolidate departmental tasks in the County, and better coordinate efforts and resources with the City. I also think both the City and County will have to examine non-mandated services, the overall financial impact of these services to citizens, and the cost to our community for eliminating them if deemed appropriate.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – No. Not at this time. It’s not that I am against merger but we have too many other pressing issues that need the commissioner’s immediate attention. (Jobs, education, affordable healthcare, development, transportation).

Foster, Fred Foster – No. I believe we would do well to continue working together on collaborative projects. Before entertaining ‘merger’ we must evaluate successful models that have been employed between Durham County and the city of Durham. Efficiency is critically important and we need to look at waste and the duplication of services on both sides. We waste a lot of time and resources pursuing issues that the citizenry of Durham City and Durham County do not support. Until such time as the respective communities in both the county and city agree to a merger, advocacy of this position will not prove to be productive.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins– Yes. We have but one city within the county, but we have two governing bodies and two law enforcement authorities. It just don’t make sense. Will the redundancy of resources plus it would save taxpayers money in the long term.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– Yes. There must be more than an attempt or discussion to merge duplicative functions to create efficiencies within the two governments. This is a functional look at government rather than a positional look.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. We should be constantly looking at ways to make government more efficient and effective. Consolidation is one way to do it even if it cannot be done totally. While the Human Services component makes the County different, that difference should not slow more compatible areas.


Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs– Yes. I am open to taking another look at the merger issue because obviously there are economies of scale and efficiencies to be gained in having a merged government. But there have several blue ribbon committees and panels that have looked at this in the past. I would want to review the reports of these past efforts first. It is my understanding that one of the sticking points has been the merger of the Sheriff’s Department and Police Department. We should focus on this and other past areas of concern before designating significant time and resources on the process/option of City and County government merger.

Owens, John Owens– Yes. With a potential savings of several million dollars a year, I don’t understand how anyone can reasonably oppose continuing to look at was to merge departments, and someday merge both governments. There would be increased transparency and accountability, as well, if we eliminated redundant departments. The everyday citizen of Durham doesn’t know which government to call for what.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett- I would need to look at the specific plan before making a determination as to how it would affect the overall operations of the city and county. Law enforcement would be the hardest piece of the puzzle to merge and would be almost impossible as things are now.

*Page, Michael Page– Yes. I am willing to take another look at merger of government and if not total government, how can we look at the duplicative services we offer and identify ways we can collaborate or merge on services. It is critical that we maximize our resources and take some of the burden off our citizens.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow– Yes. Communities around the country that have merged city and county governments – Indianapolis, Jacksonville, FL, Nashville, Louisville – are considered some of the most efficient in the country. There are a number of functions of city and county government that might be provided more efficiently and effectively through consolidation of services including: economic development, transportation, solid waste, storm water management, purchasing, public affairs, fleet management, fire protection, and law enforcement.

Wilson, William Wilson– Yes. I would support re-examining the results from the merger discussion from a decade ago. That’s not to say I’m taking a position one way or the other on the merger issue. It may well be that the question’s preface, “efficiency of government,” implies a particular outcome, but to call the present structure inefficient might be too simplistic. There might be good reasons to build in a split county/municipal structure to prevents short-term over-reach by a single body. An analogy would be the checks and balances provided by the US House of Representatives and the US Senate: we see the split structure as inefficient if it prevents accomplishing one party’s goals, but a safety mechanism if it prevents the other party’s goals. Does split government function equivalently at the local scale? Perhaps.

11. Disconnected Youth: Recently, Durham received an IBM Smarter Cities Grant to review and recommend improvements to how the community addresses its issue of disconnected youth. Do you support proposed strategies as outlined in the IBM final report and the County's engagement in executing those strategies? If yes, why do you support? If no, why you not support?

Chamber’s Position: Yes. The issue of disconnected youth, youth neither in school or employed, has long been cited as a key community issue in Durham and the IBM report provides a coordinated and comprehensive strategy to address the issue that requires County support to be successful.

*Bowser, Joe Bowser – Yes. I believe this gives us a start that we must tweak as we move forward.


Daniels, Anita Daniels – Yes. I support several of the proposed strategies, the first being coordinated strategies and opportunities to connect youth. During my tenure as Director of the Youth Coordinating Board, the need for coordinating services was a recommendation that I strongly supported and will continue to support as a County Commissioner. The Board was responsible for coordinating grant funding, programming activities, and service delivery coordination between City and County departments, Durham Public Schools, and non-profit agencies that serve youth. One of the challenges was mandates from the State requiring different entities to assume responsibility for specific children and youth services. The other was a centralized location for services.


Currently, I serve as Interim Director of Durham Center Access, the gateway to behavioral health, crisis services and intellectual disabilities. At our facility, we have six programs to serve citizens suffering from mental illness and chemical dependency. As a result, refer citizens between the different services as appropriate to meet their needs including medical services on site offered by Lincoln Community Health Center. The ability to offer services in a centralized location has helped to reduce the number of persons (some with severe and persistent mental illness and chronic chemical dependency) who would normally fall through the cracks as they attempted to navigate the transit system with limited resources.

In addition to the aforementioned recommendation, I would like to focus on the “pride builders” program and create an informal network of advocates to serve as role models and mentors and to offer internships and youth conferences. Sally Brown, wife of Mac Brown, former UNC Head Football Coach, served on my Board at the United Way of Greater Orange County. After we merged the United Ways in the Triangle, I assisted Sally with an Career Night event she hosted for the football team to partner athletes with business leaders in careers of interest to them (since a small percentage of college athletes are recruited to the pros). I recruited 30 African-American males from the business community to attend the event, share information about their careers, answer questions, and serve as a resource after the event. Regarding internships, students from the City of Medicine Academy are currently assigned to Durham Center Access to shadow nurses and other medical professionals as they prepare for careers in health care.

Lastly, I would like to employ more sophisticated approaches to addressing mental illness and alternative educational/vocational opportunities. Today, Durham does not have a facility like Durham Center Access to offer mental health treatment for children and adolescents. I think it is critical to consider ways to offer the same type of comprehensive service for children and adolescents as we have successfully created for adults. DCA received the NC Council of Community Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Substance Abuse Programs Award for Excellence in December 2011 for its crisis services. It behooves us to create the same opportunities for children and youth in our community.

Dixon, Larry Dickens – Yes. But as this time I have not seen or read this report but I would support any logical strategies that would assist our youth in pursuing positive programs that benefit them as well as the communities they live in. If the chamber has access to this report please mail or e-mail me a copy of it. I would love to read the recommendations offered.

Foster, Fred Foster – Yes. But, my philosophy is to promote creativity that is practical and balanced, which gives the greatest opportunities for disconnected youth of the Durham Community to take advantage of the social and economic prosperity in the community. I am also committed to diversity and the building of coalitions in the that fully articulate the challenges and necessities that promote the development of our youth—but especially growing opportunities for employment. Sensitive to an aggressive approach to protecting our disconnected youth, all development projects must be thoroughly subjected to critical analyses by City/County Personnel, and at least one body of signature professionals outside the City/County of Durham. In other words, we need to make better use of consultants who are not likely to possess biases that support presumptions that are embedded in the planning and development culture. In my view, we need to encourage greater discourse between the youth and political/commercial interests. Unfortunately, lines of criticism are tied all too often to notions of unprofessionalism rather than constructive dialogue. Herein are ideas that will govern the process of my decisions with respect to development. I will always convene meetings with citizens from several walks of life prior to making any decision with respect to disconnected youth. In addition to supporting the initiatives of IBM, we need to look to Kramden Institute for policy recommendations and practicums as well.

Hopkins, Stephen Hopkins– Yes. The strategies are sound. I just believe that partners like the Chamber can have a greater role in it.

*Howerton, Brenda Howerton– Yes. I support the proposed strategies outlined in the IBM final report. Durham was selected for an IBM Smarter Cities Challenge award for 2012 that provided approximately $400,000 to bring IBM employees to our City. After interviewing residents, officials and community leaders, they came up with recommendations and issued their final report. The recommendations submitted in the IBM Smarter Cities Challenge are innovative. They include ideas such as building teacher and business awareness, expanding service capacity, meeting the needs of the growing Latino population, and training teachers on mental illness. Education and the youth are very important issues to me personally. As a County Commissioner, I feel honored to be a partner with IBM in this endeavor. This grant will enable elected officials, residents and city leadership the opportunity to put in place changes needed to help us make smarter, more informed and collaborative decisions.

Hyman, Elaine Hyman– Yes. The disconnected youth problem is one of Durham most critical issues. I support any effort that addresses issues that threaten all of us in ways that have not been totally identified or addressed and gets more


critical by the day since this population grows every time a youth drops out of high school. It will take a village and a strong community to embrace this issue and I fully support any and all efforts to do so.

Jacobs, Wendy Jacobs– Yes. While I have not seen the report yet, I am familiar with the general conclusions and recommendations that have been publically released. I support efforts to focus on the problems of disconnected youth in a more strategic, focused, coordinated and accountable way. The report has indicated that we have many programs targeting this problem in Durham but that we are not being effective because of the need to allocate resources more efficiently, better communicate and collaborate, and measure success and improve capacity of these programs. All community stakeholders such as the City and County government, DPS, Durham Tech, and the Chamber, need to be involved in evaluating the strategies in this report and how we can improve the ways we are addressing the important issue of disconnected youth.

Owens, John Owens- I’m very well versed on different studies regarding ways to engage disconnected youth, including through technology. That being said, I’m not familiar with the specific IBM report details. As a Commissioner, I will certainly look into it. If you have a chance, read my answer to the Indy questionnaire re: technology access. It’s an important issue, but most policy-makers seem to be approaching it from entirely the wrong direction.

Padgett, Rickey Padgett– Yes. For the foreseeable future, cities and counties may have to do more with less, but that need not make them less livable. Across the board budget cuts that produce short-term savings but have long-term consequences are not the answer. By starting with the data, which know no political party, and working collaboratively across the public, private and civic sector, city and county governments can take the first steps toward creating more livable cities and a brighter future for all citizens. This was a foregone conclusion of the study that can also be applied to the disconnected youth through viable programs that work and dissolving those that do not.

*Page, Michael Page- I have only completed half of this document and I do believe that we must find solutions to the issue for those between the ages of 14-25 years of age. I support initiatives that will assist in helping find jobs and enhance education to this population who need our assistance. We must look at a comprehensive model that will work and we can implement in Durham that will successfully assist these individuals in becoming productive citizens. It is a positive move to have private and public partnerships come together to address this issue and pool resources to find a solution.

*Reckhow, Ellen Reckhow- Not sure. We just received the report and we are beginning the review process. I am committed to addressing the disconnected youth issue along with looking at proactive preventive solutions such as a strong focus on early literacy to assure most children are reading on grade level by grade 3.

Wilson, William Wilson– I know a little bit about the grant to provide the time of some professionals to examine the challenges and solutions concerning disconnected youth in Durham, but the report is not yet public, has not been made available to me. Thus, I have not seen the proposed strategies and can’t respond to this question.


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