Second and Third

Conditional

We use conditionals to talk about situations (real or unreal) and probable results or consequences of these situationConditionals are made up of two clausesThe if clause + The main clauseNote: when you start a sentence with if you must use a comma (,) to separate de clauses

Introduction

Conditionals

Second conditional

Unreal situations The structure is:If + past simple, + would + infinitive

Third conditional

Impossible situations The structure is:If + past perfect, + would + have + past participle

The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then

'would' and the infinitive: if + past simple, ...would + infinitive (We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This

is mostly done in formal writing). It has two uses. First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are

probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)

If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello. She would travel all over the world if she were rich. She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never

studies, so this won't happen)

Second Conditional

If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't

have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).

If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is

impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:

This kind of conditional sentence is different from the

first conditional because this is a lot more unlikely.

For example (second conditional): If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real)

But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's much more likely that I'll have enough money to buy some shoes)

How is this different from the first

conditional?

Impossible situation If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a

car. The first conditional and second conditionals talk

about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.

Third Conditional

Last week you bought a lottery ticket. But you did not win.

Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the Past Perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. We use would have + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.

Look at these example senteces:

We can use the Third Conditional to talk about

'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.

We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence

It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.

We have the if clause and the result clause like the others conditionals.

It is often used to express criticism or regret

More information:

The structure is:

Example

Situation: Mario didn´t study

DYNAMICORDERED THE NEXT SENTENCE.

- Won I if the lottery, I travel would the world around .

If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.

- If I brazil in were , I go to would Rio de Janeiro

If I were in Brazil, I would go to Rio de Janeiro

- I would buy that car, if I you were

If I were you, I would buy that car.

If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this.

- If in my he were place, he wouldn't do this.

- I would buy a nice apartment, If I had more money.

If I had more money, I would buy a nice apartment.

- If would had more time, she had travel more often.

If she had more time, she would travel more often.

If I had seen him, I would have told him about you

- If I had him seen , I have would told him about you

- she if had on Saturday come , I seen have would her.

If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her.

-If she explained had me the problem, I have would understood it

If she had explained me the problem, I would have understood it

- If it hadn't rained, would have we gone fishing.If it hadn't rained, we would have gone fishing.

- my sister if had here been , would she have enjoyed this.

If my sister had been here, she would have enjoyed this.

- If they invited had us, would we have accepted at once

If they had invited us, we would have accepted at once.

- If I been hadn't so busy, you have could helped I.

If I hadn't been so busy, I could have helped you.

• WHICH IT IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

If + Past Simple

+ would / could / might + verb

If + verb

+ would / could / might + past simple

verb + Past Simple

+ would / could / might + if

• WHICH IT IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE THIRD CONDITIONAL

If + Past Perfect tense

+ would/could/might + have + past participle

If + Past Perfect tense

+ would/could/might + past participle + have

If + past participle

+ would/could/might + have + Past Perfect tense

Determine which one is second conditional and which one is third conditional

She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier.(second conditional/third conditional)

She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university.(second conditional/third conditional)

If I had his number, I would call him.(second conditional/third conditional)

He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine.(second conditional/third conditional)

She would travel all over the world if she were rich. .(second conditional/third conditional)

She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(second conditional/third conditional)

Complete the activity

1) If I…….(be) you, I…… (get) a new job. 2) If he…….(be) younger, he…….(travel) more. 3) If we…….(not/be) friends, I ……(be) angry

with you. 4) If I……(have) enough money, I……(buy) a

big house. 5) If she……(not/be) always so late, she……

(be) promoted.

Second Conditional Form

1) If you…..(not/be) late, we…….(not/miss) the

bus. 2) If she…….(study) she…….(pass) the exam. 3) If we…….(arrive) earlier, we…….(see) John. 4) If they…….(go) to bed early,

they…….(not/wake) up late. 5) If he…….(become) a musician, he…….

(record) a CD.

Third Conditional Form