CH. 13Personal Health Care

*Skin is the largest organ on the human body.

*The skin consists of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis.

*Cells in the epidermis make lipids which makes your body waterproof.

* Dermis contains the sebaceous glands which helps skin from drying out.

*Subcutaneous layer- a layer of fat and connective tissue located beneath the dermis.

SKIN---Structure

Your Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

SubcutaneousLayer

Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations.

Protection- Barrier to prevent bacteria and viruses from entering.

Temperature control- Skin dilates to allow heat to escape. Sensation- Major sense organ: Pressure, pain, heat, cold Immunity-macrophages destroy invading pathogens. Excretion- SWEAT is excess water and dissolved wastes. Vitamin D synthesis- makes VD when exposed to UV radiation

Interpersonal communication- Automatically expresses some emotions ( pale & blushing)

SKIN--- Function

Wash face 2 times a day Wash you body everyday AVOID touching your face with your hands Avoid allergic reactions. Eat plenty of vitamins, minerals:

◦ Vitamin A◦ Milk◦ Green and yellow vegetables◦ Liver

Keeping your Skin Healthy

Acne- clogged pores become infected and pus forms.

Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread through direct physical contact.

Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do not burst or squeeze a boil.

Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually caused by an allergic reaction.

Vitiligo occurs when patches of skin lose melanin and have no pigment.

Skin Problems

Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin, clothing, or in public showers.

Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into melanoma, which can be deadly.

Skin Problems

Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged by UV rays. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer.

Early detection and treatment are critical in controlling the spread of melanoma.  Regularly checking the appearance of your moles is important for the early detection of melanoma.

Melanoma

ABCD’s of Melanoma

A B C D

AsymmetryBorder

IrregularityColor Diameter

Skin Problems

The ABCD’S of Melanoma

Asymmetry

Border Irregularity

Color

Diameter

An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole does not produce matching halves.

Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges. Suspect moles often have irregular edges.

Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color.

Check for moles that are wider across than the width of a pea.

Hair structure- Dead cells. Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and cause hair to grow.

Hair grows on every surface of the skin, except for the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet.

Hair function- The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and other particles.

HAIR

Dandruff- Dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes.

Head lice- Tiny parasitic insects that live in scalp hair.

Hair Problems

Nail Structure- Your fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.

Nail Function- help protect your fingers and toes.

Nails

Parts of the toothThe periodontium supports the tooth and holds it in place. periodontium is made up of the gum,

ligaments, and the jawbone.

Three main parts to every toothCrown- visible portion of the toothNeck- between the crown and rootRoot- In the gum

Lesson 2 – Teeth and Mouth

Enamel- hard substance made of calcium.

Dentin- beneath enamel. It is a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth.

Protected by the overlying layers of dentin and enamel, the pulp extends into the root canal.

Parts of a Tooth

Parts of a Tooth

Crown

Neck

Root

Parts of a Tooth

enamel

dentingum

gingivia

pulp cavity with nerves and vesselscementum

periodontal ligamentsperiodontal membrane

root canal

bone

Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy, clean teeth.

Tooth decay occurs when the enamel is destroyed and bacteria penetrate the tooth.

Plaque damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from bacteria.

Keeping Teeth Healthy

Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy

If plaque builds up, acids produced by bacteria break down the tooth enamel, resulting in a cavity.  If decay spreads down to the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed.

Halitosis can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease.

Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is caused by bacterial infection.

*When plaque hardens, it builds up tartar, a hard, crustlike substance, and causes the gums to become irritated and swollen.  *This is called gingivitis. If left untreated, the bone and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed, and teeth can be lost.

Mouth Problems

Lesson 3- Your Eyes

Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the front of your skull.  A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its socket.

The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye through ducts.  Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clear of foreign particles.

Parts of the Eye

sclera

choroid

vitrius humor

optic nerve

retina

corneairis

pupillensaqueoushumor

Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in dim light.

Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in bright light and in color .

Lesson 3- Eyes

Parts of the EyeWords in black are definitions

Sclera

Cornea

Choroid

Iris

Pupil

Protects the inner eye and supports and shapes the eyeball

Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens

Lines the inside of the sclera

Contracts and dilates the pupil

Regulates the amount of light that reaches the inner eye

Parts of the Eye Words in black are definitions

Retina

Optic Nerve

Lens

Aqueous Humor

Vitreous Humor

Contains light-sensitive cells

Transmits nerve impulses to the brain

Helps refine the focus of images on the retina

Provides nutrients to the eye

Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the retina in place

Vision – 20/20

Nearsightedness,or Myopia

Farsightedness,or Hyperopia

Astigmatism

Strabismus

Detached Retina

The inability to see distant objects clearly

The inability see close objects clearly

Blurred vision

Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward

Blurred vision or bright flashes of light

Common Vision Disorders

Vision

Infections andViruses

Glaucoma

Cataracts

MacularDegeneration

Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in sclera color

Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent damage

Foggy vision

Vision loss

Common Vision Problems