*Smart Grid and Electric Vehicles

Instructor: Nicholas F. Maxemchuk

Members: Yingjie ZhouChen Wang

Xiangying Qian

*Recap the Project

*Power distribution becomes an important issue when power demand exceeds power supply .

*As electric vehicles get more popular, for a period of time, there could be a shortage of power generating facilities. In order to allow the use of electric vehicles grow at a normal rate, it is necessary to look for some techniques to charge all vehicles as fairly as possible.

*Our objective is to find out and compare different types of fairness schemes so as to meet the customers’ needs to a great extent.

*Schedule

Week Tasks1, 2, (Jan 30 – Feb 10) Background reading and literature

review3,4, (Feb 13 – Feb 24) Simulate a baseline charging system 5, 6 (Feb 27 – Mar 9)8, (Mar 19 – Mar 23)

Implement different types of fairness; Each of us is responsible for one specific fairness scheme.

9,10, (Mar 26 – Apr 6) Compare the results and make some conclusions.

11,12,13, (Apr 9 – Apr 27)

Write a technical paper.

*Progress

1. Set up simulation environment:

*information of electric vehicles

*charging habits

*power on smart grid

2. Realize the basic fairness scheme – Round Robin

3. Obtain some results using two metrics:

*the fraction of electric vehicles without sufficient charge on departure

*the average departure delay

*Baseline System

1. Set up information of electric vehicles

*Battery limit: 100 miles – 28kwh

*Charge mode: 120V 15A – 1.8kw or nearly 6.5miles at maximum power

*Baseline System

1. Set up charging habits

*Total number of person leaving home to go to work every half hour during a day time shift (8am corresponds to 6pm)

*The arrival of electric vehicles is poison process: arrival rate interarrival time satisfies exponential distribution.

*Plug-in time for an electric vehicle is Gaussian distribution truncated to 2 deltas. (mean=14 delta=4, unit: hour)

*The departure process is obtained accordingly.

*Baseline System

1. Set up charging habits – contd.

*Desired distance satisfies exponential distribution truncated to [20, 90] miles desired energy

*Current battery level is uniformly distributed between 0% to 30% of full battery energy.

*Energy needed is calculated based on demand the amount of charging periods (5 minute switch on/off intervals) for each electric vehicle

*Baseline System

1. Set up power

*Summer daily load profile sampled hourly.

*Baseline System

1. Set up power – contd.

*Peak ratio supplied power

*Penetration available power per hour available power per 5 minute

*Charge mode the number of electric vehicles that is able to be charged per 5 minute

*Daily power distribution power distribution for a period

*Baseline System

2. Realize the basic fairness scheme – Round Robin

*Round Robin based system works in the way that – If 20 cars waited to be charged, and the power company can merely charge 15, then in the first 5 minute it will charge cars 1 to 15, in the second cars 16 to 20 and 1 to 10, in the third cars 11 to 20 and 1 to 5, and so on so forth.

*Eventually each car receives the same charge.

*In real implementation, run round robin every 5 minute to achieve real-time coordination.

*Two cases: sufficient power/ insufficient power for all cars in the waiting list

*Baseline System

2. Round Robin algorithm

*Create a waiting list based upon arriving times of the cars that need to be charged.

*Check which of the two cases applied.

*Charge a fixed number of cars in the front of the waiting list.

*Update the cars’ information.

*Update the waiting list: adding new arrivals, removing the cars that finish charging and reordering the waiting list.

*Baseline System

3. Obtain some results using two metrics:

*Run the baseline system for successive days.

*Take the measurements from the day to ensure correct and reasonable initializations.

*Take the measurements till day to enforce all cars departing by the end of measurements, so that we can tell the particular delay for a car if its departure is delayed.

*Two metrics with tuned input arguments: number of days and penetration

*Results

*Results

*Results

*Any Question?

Thank you very much!