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Parallel Structure

+February 18, 2014

LG: Identify and create sentences with parallel structure in order to understand how authors utilize parallel structure.

SC: Parallel structure practice activity

+Plan For the Day

Entry Routine-Silent Discussion Reflection

Quick notes on parallel structure

Parallel structure practice

Create 4 sentences with parallel structure

+Sentence Structure BackgroundParts of a Sentence:

1. A phrase is any part of a sentence that does not make the sentence whole when it stands alone.

EX: The dog went to the vet.

2. A clause is a piece of a sentence that is made up of a subject and a verb phrase.

EX: Since she is older than her brother, she tells him what to do.

+Parallelism

Parallel structure is the use of the same pattern of words that show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.

This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause section of a sentence.

+Parallel Structure Examples

Mom asked us to clean our rooms quickly, quietly, and thoroughly. (All adverbs)

We rode our bikes up the hill, down the hill, and through the park. (Directions in the phrases)

John wrote his paper, read it carefully, and revised it at the end. (The verbs are all in past tense within the clauses)

+Parallel Structure Rules

Verb agreement- The verbs in a sentence using correct parallel structure should be of the same form and tense.

“And” or “or” need to be included within the sentence.

+Incorrect Use of Parallel Structure Cinderella loves dancing, singing, and to ride

in carriages. (the verb forms do not match)

Rapunzel is kind, caring, and has a sly personality. (The last clause does not go with the two adjectives)

Either the ogre will knock down the bridge or the giant had schemed to find a new magical harp. (The verb tenses do not match)

+Why do author’s use parallel structure?

To convey comparison or contrast, effective writers use the same form of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.

Writers use parallel structures to strengthen the connection between ideas and to establish a rhythm.

+Your Turn!

For each of the following sentences, write on your page protector whether the sentence has parallel structure or not with a whiteboard marker.

Simply write “parallel” or “not parallel”.

Hold up your sign once you answer it.

+Parallel or Not Parallel?

The horses like prancing, galloping, and running.

+Parallel

The horses like prancing, galloping, and running.

The verb tenses match.-“ing”

+Parallel or Not Parallel?

Mom asked us to clean our rooms quickly, quietly, and in a thorough manor.

+Not Parallel

Mom asked us to clean our rooms quickly, quietly, and in a thorough manor.

There are two adverbs and then a phrase.

How would you correct this and make the sentence parallel?

+Parallel or Not Parallel?

Either the ogre will knock down the bridge or the giant will scheme to find a new magical harp.

+Parallel

Either the ogre will knock down the bridge or the giant will scheme to find a new magical harp.

The verb tenses match with the two clauses.

+Parallel or Not Parallel?

John wrote his paper, read it carefully, and revising was the last think that he did.

+Not Parallel

John wrote his paper, read it carefully, and revising was the last thing that he did.

The verb tenses do not match and the last phrase takes away from the flow of the sentence.

How would you change this sentence to have parallel structure?

+Create It On Your Own…

With the remaining time in class, write 4 sentences that correctly use parallel structure.

This needs to be turned in to the front middle desk before you leave the classroom.

+ACT Practice Instructions:

Define all of the words from the answers if you do not know them.

Read the vocabulary questions

Complete the vocabulary questions

We will go over the answers with clickers.

Complete vocabulary exit ticket

+Vocabulary Exit Ticket

Three words I learned today and their definitions:

1.

2.

3.

Write a sentence with ONE of the words.

+

Juxtaposition

+Thursday, February 19

LG: Identify and create juxtaposition in writing in order to understand why authors utilize juxtaposition.

SC: Juxtaposition practice (Poem annotations and chart)

+Plan For the Day

Finish the parallelism activity and write 4 sentences using parallel structure (10 mins)

Quick notes on juxtaposition

Read a poem and identify juxtaposition

+Juxtaposition (Background)

Juxtaposition is a form of parallel structure in that a pattern in used.

With juxtaposition the parallel structure is often throughout the entire piece of writing instead of just a sentence.

+Juxtaposition

Juxtaposition is a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or poem.

An author uses juxtaposition in order to develop comparisons and contrasts (also why it is a form of parallel structure)

+Example of juxtaposition:“Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight

Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,

Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.

Do not go gentle into that good night.

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.”

(“Do not Go Gentile into that Good Night”-Dylan Thomas)

Comparing other dying men to his father

+You try…Where is the Juxtaposition?

“O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!

It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night

Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear;”

(Romeo and Juliet)

With a partner, discuss how this is an example of juxtaposition

+The juxtaposition is…

“O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!

It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night

Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear;”

Comparing Juliet and the light to the dark skin of an Ethiopian. The light and dark imagery are juxtaposed.

+Now Try on Your Own:

Read the excerpt from “The Wreck of the Hesperus” poem by Henry Wordsworth Longfellow with a partner.

Annotate any examples of theme, rhetorical features, purpose, and parallel structure within the text using a visa vis marker.

Create and fill out the following chart to be turned in at the end of class. Make sure to answer the questions in the chart as well.

Example of Parallel Structure

Example of juxtaposition

(FOR EACH EXAMPLE, EXPLAIN WHY THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF JUXTAPOSITION.)

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Choose one of the 3 examples of parallel structure. Explain why the author used parallel structure for that example.

Why does the author use juxtaposition in this poem?What does the juxtaposition in this poem reveal about the purpose of this poem?

+

Antithesis

+Thursday, February 19 LG: Identify and create antithesis in writing in

order to understand why authors utilize antithesis.

SC: Identifying antithesis in a video and in a text

Plan For the Day:

1. Juxtaposition activity from yesterday (30 mins)

*Annotate poem & fill out chart to be turned in

2. Quick notes on Antithesis

3. If time: Copy down a new chart and watch a video of Roosevelt’s D-Day speech and record an instance of antithesis

+You try…

“Good we must love, and must hate ill,

For ill is ill, and good good still;

But there are things indifferent,

Which we may neither hate, nor love,

But one, and then another prove,

As we shall find our fancy bent.”

(“Community” by John Dunn)

With a partner, discuss where you see antithesis within this passage.

+Copy this chart

Parallelism Juxtaposition Antithesis

1.

2.

1.

2.

1. (from video)

2.

3.

4.

Choose one of the 2 examples of parallel structure. Explain why the author used parallel structure for that example.

Choose one of the 2 examples of juxtaposition. Explain why the author used juxtaposition for that example.

Why does Roosevelt use antithesis in this speech?

What does the antithesis in this speech reveal about the purpose of this speech?

+Monday, February 23

LG: Identify and create parallelism, juxtaposition, and antithesis in writing in order to understand why authors utilize these forms of sentence organization.

SC: Skeleton Essay (Summative Assessment)

Plan For the Day:

1. Antithesis quick activity (20 mins)

2. Receive the expectations and look-fors for the summative assessment skeleton essay (5 mins)

3. Skeleton Essay (30 mins)

+Antithesis

A writer places two sentences or ideas near each other that are the exact opposite of each other.

Antithesis is used for comparisons (like parallelism and juxtaposition)

+Literal Examples of Antithesis Love is the antithesis of hate.

Yellow is the antithesis of violet.

Left is the antithesis of right.

+Examples of Antithesis in Text

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” (A Tale of Two Cities-Charles Dickens)

“To err is human; to forgive divine.” (“An Essay on Criticism”-Alexander Pope)

+Antithesis look-fors

Antithesis(EXPLAIN WHY THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF ANTITHESIS)

1. (from video)

2.

Why does Roosevelt use antithesis in this speech?

What does the antithesis in this speech reveal about the purpose of this speech?

+Roosevelt’s D-Day Prayer

Directions: As you watch the video of Roosevelt’s actual D-Day speech, write down one example of antithesis that you hear in the speech. WE WILL ONLY LISTEN TO IT ONCE, SO LISTEN CAREFULLY.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-weBUzQleo

+Roosevelt’s D-Day Prayer

Directions: Individually, take 15 mins to find 2 examples of antithesis in Roosevelt’s speech and answer the 2 associated questions.

Make sure to indicate the example of antithesis that you pulled from the video version.

REMINDER: Make sure to EXPLAIN WHY EACH EXAMPLE OF ANTITHESIS IS ANTITHESIS.