Shoguns and

Samurais

Nara - for the next 100 years it is known as the

Nara Period

700 C.E. Japan built a new Capital

But Smaller

NARA looked like a copy of the Chinese Capital Changan

Nara had broad streets and large public squares.

Todai-Ji Great Buddha Hall in Nara

And Shinto Shrine

Nara Japan has a lot of Chinese influences through out the city

1. The city of ________ became the new __________ of Japan.

2. The ___________ culture became a major influence in the city.

3. The city has ___________ temples and ________ shrines throughout.

4. The Chinese influence is seen in the ________________ and ___________.

Write this down.Nara

CapitalChinese

BuddhistShinto

Architecture Religion

Japanese emperors added to the changes begun by Prince Shotoku

The Emperor’s Government

They organized the government officials by rank. Emperor gave jobs to people in powerful families and they can pass it down to their son. For their service they received large estates and Farms.

The Emperor gave Nobles farmers to farm the land

Nobles Estates

>Japan had a Census, a counting of the population.

>People paid taxes in rice and silk cloth.

>Men had to serve in the Army

Emperor’s Power came from his control of the land and its crops.

5. Emperors would pick _________ from powerful __________ to help govern.

6. Nobles would be given _______ and __________ to work the land.

7. A counting of the population is called a _________.

8. Taxes were paid to the emperor with ______ and ____________.

9. Men had to serve in the _______.

Write this down.Nobles

FamiliesFarms

Farmers

Census

Rice Silk ClothArmy

As the government grew strong, Buddhism became more popular in Japan.

Buddhism Spreads in Japan

Buddhism came to Japan from Korea 500 C.E

Japanese government officials and nobles were the first to accept the new Religion.

Buddhism Spreads

600-700 C.E. Buddhism spread to the common people.

Soon Buddhism became a major religion in Japan and played a major role in the

government

Buddhism Spreads

Buddhism became more powerful and now there was opposition to the religion and now the fighting starts for control of the government

Buddhism Spreads

Instead of fighting with the Buddhist the emperor left Nara and all the Buddhist monks

Buddhism Spreads

10. Buddhism came to _______ from _________.

11. ________ were the first to embrace Buddhism then the _________________.

12. Buddhism became a major ________ in Japan and it became a part of the _______________.

13. Eventually __________ grew between the Buddhist and the Shintoist.

Write this downJapan

KoreaNobles

Common peopleReligion

GovernmentConflict

794 C.E. Emperor Kammu move the capital to Heian, later was called Kyoto.

the government weakens

Just like Nara a lot of Chinese influence found

800 C.E. Emperors power declines. Why? After a time of strong Emperors, a number of weak emperors came to power. Many were children

The Government Weakens

Many Had Regents – people who rule for someone too young or too sick.

Emperors grew up and the regents would not give up their power. Most regents came from the Fujiwara Clan

Government Weakens

Under the Fujiwara Emperors were honored but did not rule instead the emperors studied Buddhism. Or wrote poetry in their palace at Heian

Fujiwara gained wealth and nobles gained land. Japan gained more territory and to keep everyone happy nobles stopped paying taxes and peasants had to pay more

Fujiwara

14. Emperor Kammu moved the capital from _______ to ________.

15. Emperors went from _________ to ________ many were ___________.

16. Many Emperors were too __________ and they had __________ to help rule.

17. These regents were from the __________ clan.

18. Fujiwara grew to great ________.

Write this down!

Nara HeianStrong

Weak ChildrenYoung

Regents

FujiwaraPower

To protect the land and enforce law, Nobles formed private armies. They gave land to Warriors in return protection

Who Were The Samurai

These warriors

were called

SAMURAI

Samurais fought on horseback with swords, daggers, bows and arrows. Their armor was leather with steel scales threaded together with silk cords.

Samurais

Helmets had horns or crest with scary masks.

Samurai means “to Serve” and Samurais live by a strict code called the Bushido “the way of the warrior”.

Samurai Code

The Code demanded them to be loyal to their master

They have to be brave, courageous, honorable and not care about wealth

Samurai would rather die than betray their lord or being captured. The loyalty of the Japanese lasted all the way to Kamikaze pilots of WWII.

Samurai code

19. Nobles needed protection so they hired ___________ called ___________.

20 . Samurais were given _______.21. Samurais fought on _____________ with ________, daggers, ______ and Arrows.

22. Samurais follow a code called __________ and they will serve their ________.23. Samurais would rather _____than

disgrace the code.

Write this down!

Warriors SamuraisLand

HorsebackSwords Bows

BushidoMaster

Die

Japan’s local government and the Emperors became dominated by Military Rulers called

Shoguns.

The Rise of the Shogun

By 1100 C.E. the most powerful families begun fighting each other using their Samurai armies. They fought for land and to gain control over the emperors government

What is a Shogun?

This war was between the 2 most powerful families, the Taira Clan and the Minamoto Clan. Minamoto beat Taira in a sea battle near Shikoku island.

Gempei War

He was the commander of the Minamoto Clan.

Minamoto Yoritomo

The Emperor from the Yamato family was worried the Minamoto Family would try to replace them. So they rewarded Yoritomo to keep him loyal to the Yamato Clan.

24. Military Leaders were called ______________.

25. By 1100 C.E. powerful _______ started to fight against each other with ___________ armies.

26. 2 clans fought, _______ against ______________ and the ____________ won.

27. ____________ was commander of the Minamoto clan.

Write this down!

ShogunsClans

SamuraiTaira

Minamoto Minamoto

Yoritomo

1192 the emperor gave the title of SHOGUN to Yoritomo. Shogun means commander of all of the emperors military forces.

The 1st SHOGUN

Emperor decided to set up 2 governments 1 in Heian with Emperor in charge Second in Kamakura led by the Shogun

2 Governments

It was Known as a ShogunateA government run by the Shogun and Military rule.It will last for 700 years

Was a ruthless ruler, killed most of his family because he feared they would over throw him.

Yoritomo

Appointed high ranking Samurais to Govern the provinces, collect taxes, and keep the peace.

Yorimoto and the Shoguns after him.

The Samurai bound by oath and loyalty to the Shogun. They became the leading group in Japan.

28. The Yamato rewarded _____________ with the title of ___________.

29. The Emperor set up _ governments 1 in __________ and 1 in _____________.

30. Kamakura was controlled by Yoritomo and was called ____________.

31. Yoritomo was a __________ ruler.32. Shoguns appointed ____________ to govern the province, collect _________, and Keep the ________.

Write this down!

2

Shogunate

YoritomoShogun

Heian Kamakura

RuthlessSamurais

TaxesPeace

Kamakura Shogunate greatest challenge was when the Mongols invaded Japan in 1274 and 1281.

The Mongols Attack!

Led by Kublai Khan

Kublai Khan sent out ships and warriors to invade Japan but the Mongols were defeated by the violent Pacific storms.

The Mongols Attack

The storms smashed the Mongols ships and the troops that made it ashore were easily defeated by the Japanese

The Mongols Attack

Japanese named the mighty TYPHOONS – KAMIKAZES which means “divine wind” to

honor the Spirits that saved the island .

Typhoons

Kamikazes During WWII Japanese Pilots took the name

because of the sacrifice to protect the island.

33. _______________ was the emperor of the ___________ empire.

34. In 1274 and 1281 the _________ invaded Japan. On their way they hit violent _______.

35. Mongol Ships were __________ , the boats and troops that made it were ___________ by the Japanese.

36. The ____________ were named ____________ which means “divine _______”

37. Japanese WWII Pilots were named ______________ .

Write this down!Kublai Khan

MongolMongols

StormsSmashed

DefeatedTyphoons

Kamikazes Wind

Kamikazes

Kamakura Shogunate ruled Japan until 1333 C.E.. Many Samurais grew resentful, land kept getting divided between the Samurais and it was getting smaller and smaller. Their loyalty to the Shogun weakened.

The Daimyo Divide Japan

>The Samurais help the emperor with the rebellion and the revolt was a success. The emperor did not gain total control and the loyalty of the Samurai because he did not give them more land.

Emperor rebells against the Shogun

Was a general who turned against the Emperor and named himself Shogun in 1333. Ashikaga shogunate began.

Ashikaga Takauji

Proved to be weak and revolts broke out across Japan. Soon the country was divided into small territories and controlled by military lords called daimyo (DY•mee•OH).

Ashikaga Shoguns

To the emperor and the shogun. However they ruled their land like a small kingdom. To protect their lands the daimyo had samurai armies.

The daimyo pledge loyalty

38. Samurais started to lose __________ towards the ___________.

39. Samurais aided the ___________ in a revolt against the ________________________.

40. The revolt was successful but the emperor did not gain control, ____________ _________ made himself Shogun.

41. He proved himself to be _______. Japan broke into _______ territories.

42. They were controlled by the _________.they pledge loyalty to the

_________ and the___________.

Write this down!Respect

ShogunsEmperor

Kamakura Shogunate

AshikagaTakauji

WeakSmall

DaimyoEmperor

Shoguns

To the Daimyo and they pledge loyalty to the Daimyo and serve in times of war. In return the daimyo gave them land. The bond of loyalty between lord and vassal is Feudalism.

Samurais became vassals

Japan’s Warriors fought each other from 1467-1477. Heian, the capital, is now Kyoto, was almost completely destroyed. They burned

temples and palaces as they passed through.

The 10 Year Onin War

Japan tried to unite the country under 1 ruler. They continued to fight Shoguns and daimyo but

they were too weak to overcome and rule.

100 years after the war

43. The Samurai pledge _________ to the daimyo. This bond between lord and vassal is called ____________.

44. The _______ war lasted ___ years and Japan’s ____________ fought for control. The city of ________ was almost completely destroyed.

45. For the next _____ years __________ and __________ fought for control of Japan none were strong enough to unite the country.

Write this down!Loyalty

FeudalismOnin 10Samurais

Heian

100 ShogunsDaimyo