林奇賢 國立台南大學數位學習科技學系 [email protected] 美國的虛擬學校...
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Changing Landscape in EducationEmpire High
http://www.hightechhigh.org/schools/
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http://us.cnn.com/2004/EDUCATION/08/13/b2s.overview/index.html
http://us.cnn.com/2004/EDUCATION/08/13/b2s.elearning/index.html
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4633126/
Today there are roughly 2,400 publicly-funded cyber-based charter schools and state and district virtual schools in 37 states, with an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 students participating in online courses, says Susan Patrick, Director of the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Educational Technology.
The Numbers of Virtual Schools As of March, 2004
Florida Virtual School
http://www.flvs.net/
The Mission of FLVS
To deliver a high quality, technology-based, education that provides the skills and knowledge students need for success in the 21st century.
The Explosive Growth and Expansions of FLVS
Final Report: A Comprehensive Assessment of Florida Virtual School
Florida TaxWatch Center for Educational Performance and Accountability
FLVS students earned higher grades in their online courses than they had earned in courses in that same subject area in the traditional public school setting.
Performance in Grades Earned
Students at Florida Virtual School earned higher test scores.
Performance in Reading
Performance in Math
Students at Florida Virtual School earned higher test scores.
Performance in AP in 2004-2005
Performance in AP in 2005-2006
In 2007, there were a total of 615 direct instructional employees.
Their classifications were as follows: 301 full-time instructors, 175 adjunct instructors, and 139 support staff.
F L V S Instructional Staff & Support
Funding of FLVS
http://www.connectionsacademy.com/curriculum/
Vendors in the Field
http://www.azva.org/
Vendors in Public Education
Virtual Schools in the United States
• 24 states with state-led online education programs• 26 states with significant state policies for online learning• 12 states with neither a state-led program nor significant state policies
http://teen.secondlife.com/
Game-based Learning
http://whyville.net/
Game-based Learning
The current movement in education today calls for students to develop information age skills rather than build content bases.
We are looking for students who have critical thinking and problem solving skills, communication skills, and know how to be a professional in their field rather than simply know about the field itself. In short, we are looking for people who have learned how to learn.
The Goal of new Education
The Inquiry-based, Constructivist Learning Environment
The environment should be based around an authentic problem that provides a motivating context for learning. These problems should be open-ended, allowing students to tackle situations in authentic ways to solve a problem with no one right answer.
The environment should be designed to help students construct knowledge. This is supported by the social negotiation and through the context, but also depends on scaffolding to help students become successful learners as well as opportunities for reflection in and on action.
Social Negotiation
Key to any constructivist environment and particularly important to both the OLE approach and cognitive apprenticeship model is an implicit valuing of the communities of practice that are developed as part of the learning process.
Learning is a process of social negotiation – what we learn is shaped by those around us and, in fact, meaning is determined not only by each individual but also by the culture within which the individual is acting. Without context, information is quite meaningless.
How Students Learn: Constructivism’s Views
• Knowledge is constructed by students: Learner-center,
Inquiry-based, Problem-solving
• Knowledge is constructed in a context: Authentic
• Knowledge is constructed socially: Interpersonal Interaction, Collaboration
What Students Need to Know: 21st Century Skills and ICT literacy
The future will demand people who can express themselves effectively with images, animation, sound, and video, solve real world problems that require processing and analysis of thousands of numbers, evaluate information for accuracy, reliability, and validity; and organize information into valuable knowledge, yet students are not learning these skills in school.
Susan Patrick, President and CEO of the North American Council for Online Learning (NACOL)Douglas Levin, Senior Director of Education Policy, Cable in the Classroom NECC Presentation, June 2007
By the year 2020, computing power will come closer to matching the human brain, enabling artificial intelligence, capabilities in smart robots, speech recognition, intelligent agents, and other uses that will permit huge advances in telemedicine, virtual education, e-government and all other facets of life.
World Future Society
Susan D. PatrickPresident & CEONorth American Council for Online Learningwww.nacol.org
Virtual Schools and 21st Century Skills
If we are serious about ensuring that all students master the skills they will need for life, work, and citizenship in the 21st century, the continued expansion of virtual schooling (blended and wholly online) will be required.
Many virtual schools are already providing the 21st century learning environments that today’s students so desperately want and need to be successful in life and the workplace.
The Futurist: Top 10 Breakthroughs Transforming Life over the next 20-30 years
1. Alternative energy2. Desalination3. Precision farming4. Biometrics5. Quantum computers6. Entertainment on demand7. Global access8. Virtual education or distance learning9. Nanotechnology10. Smart Robots
Participate in Two Communities Simultaneously
Virtual Learning Community
Physical (at workplace) Learning Community
Learning Ecology
Web 2.0
Binary Content
Human Content
ACA at 2007 Virtual School Symposium