Life in the New Colonies

King Charles I vs. Oliver Cromwell Cromwell wins and rules England until he dies in

1658 King Charles II and monarchy is restored upon

Cromwell’s death! Restoration era leads to colonies being settled

The English Civil War and its Aftermath

VS.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUC1pqepl7I

Life was very different in each of the Colonies.

New England: Farmers, artisans, religious, very

few slaves and indentured servants Middle Colonies: Printers, artisans, farmers,

religiously tolerant, indentured servants and slaves

Southern Colonies: Gentry, indentured servants, slaves, debtors/criminals, religiously tolerant

Population

New England: Low Southern: High Widowarchy-women had more autonomy and

independence as widows

Death Rates

New England: More sense of community, more

stable family relationships, low divorce rate, large immediate families (6-8 children)

Southern Colonies-less sense of community, started off slow because more men than women, multiple marriages(people die more), large extended families (step-parents/children, siblings, etc.

Family Patterns

New England: Smaller communities clustered

together, Boston is the biggest city and hub Middle: Mixture of towns and cities

(Philadelphia) Southern: more rural society spread out far

from each other(plantations). No big cities.

Society

New England: Very important so that they can

understand the Bible. Middle Colonies: somewhat important Southern Colonies: No formal education

system. Children of wealthy are privately tutored. Children were needed on farms more than schools.

Education

Ethnic Group

s

The Americas were lacking one major

resource, a reliable labor force Natives were unreliable and suffered greatly

from disease Europeans were not suited well for the climate

and the work Africans were hard working, used to the climate,

resistant to tropical diseases and knowledgeable in agriculture.

Triangle Slave Trade

Over 11 million Africans were transported to the

Americas The slave trade began with the Portuguese Over 6 million slaves were transported during 18th

Century with he English being the worst offenders with enslaving over 2.5 Africans

Middle Passage-the passage of the Africans to the Americans. Overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, malnutrition

and diseases resulted in a 13% death rate. Upon arrival, the Africans were auctioned off to the

highest bidder.

Triangle Slave Trade

Triangle Slave Trade

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY

The policy to unify and increase the power and

wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation

Power is measured by wealth and the nation’s wealth is measured by stock of precious metals Bullion-gold and silver

A favorable balance of trade-export more than you import

Mercantilism

Essentially, England attempts to control all the

agriculture, natural resources and trade in the Colonies so that she can benefit and be stronger financially.

England tells the Colonists that this will help and protect them.

Colonial economic freedom starts to dwindle.

Mercantilism in the Colonies

Navigation Acts were a series of laws that

restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies.

Navigation Acts

Monopoly on tobacco in the South NE shipbuilders and manufacturing English vessels only

Goods must stop in England 1st-discourages trade with other nations

Results in Colonists smuggling goods Navigations Acts were not seriously enforced

until after the French and Indian War

Navigation Acts: Positives and Negatives

England allowed its colonies freedom in

governing themselves

WHY? Existing economic policy and politics of the colonies already served British interests Meaning as long as England benefits financially

from the Colonies then the Colonists will be left alone.

Salutary Neglect

England Revoked Massachusetts Charter in

1684, making it a royal colony Colonist were becoming more independent

and did not like the King telling them what to do.

Dominion of New England- Unifying the northern colonies for purposes of defense and administrative control. Colonist hated this!!!!!

Massachusetts:In the hot seat!

Back in England, Protestant opposition invited

the King’s daughter, Mary, and her husband, William (both Protestant) to take the throne from her father.

Colonists used the events in England to rid themselves of hated officials and establish representative assemblies.

The Glorious Revolution

A Religious Revival starting in the 1730’s Major Players:

Johnathan Edwards (New England) George Whitefield (Middle) Samuel Davies (Southern)

The Great Awakening

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-dk4-HBNWQ

United 4/5 of the American people under the

Christian faith More religious tolerance of other religious sects Greater emphasis on education Greater sense of responsibility for slaves and

Native Americans Politically speaking: moving toward an American

identity, contract theory of government (breaking away from church if is too corrupt, not doing its job, and form a new one)

Results of Great Awakening