© elsevier, 2011.principles of molecular virology virus particles why do viruses make particles to...
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![Page 1: © Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology Virus Particles Why do viruses make particles to contain the genome? Symmetry allows particles to assemble](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f075503460f94c1ce7c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Virus ParticlesVirus Particles
• Why do viruses make particles to contain the genome?
• Symmetry allows particles to assemble using only
the information contained within the particle
• The main types of virus particle –
– helical
– icosahedral
– complex structures
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Virus Particles Virus Particles
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Capsid Symmetry & Virus ArchitectureCapsid Symmetry & Virus Architecture
• 1957: Fraenkel-Conrat and Williams - when mixtures
of purified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA and coat
protein are incubated together, virus particles form
• Forces that drive the assembly of virus particles
include hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions
• Rarely are covalent bonds involved in holding
together subunits
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Helical Capsids - TMVHelical Capsids - TMV
P = µ x p
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Bacteriophage M13Bacteriophage M13
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Rhabdovirus particleRhabdovirus particle
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Icosahedral (Isometric) CapsidsIcosahedral (Isometric) Capsids
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Triangulation numberTriangulation number
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Geminivirus - twinned icosahedraGeminivirus - twinned icosahedra
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Picornavirus ParticlePicornavirus Particle
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Eight-strand antiparallel Eight-strand antiparallel -barrel-barrel
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Proteolytic processing of Proteolytic processing of picornavirus capsid proteinspicornavirus capsid proteins
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Budding of enveloped virus particlesBudding of enveloped virus particles
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Envelope proteinsEnvelope proteins
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Complex Virus Structures - Complex Virus Structures - Poxvirus particlePoxvirus particle
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Assembly pathway of bacteriophage T4Assembly pathway of bacteriophage T4
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Baculovirus particlesBaculovirus particles
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MimivirusMimivirus
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Assembly of tobacco mosaic Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particlesvirus (TMV) particles
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
SummarySummary
• There are a number of repeated structural patterns
found in many different virus groups
• Virus particles are not inert structures
• Virus particles are designed to interact with host cell
receptors to initiate the process of infection
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© Elsevier, 2011.Principles of Molecular Virology
Further ReadingFurther Reading
Brown, J.C., Newcomb, W.W. and Wertz, G.W. (2010) Helical Virus Structure: The Case of the Rhabdovirus Bullet. Viruses 2: 995-1001
Cherwa, J.E. and Fane, B.A. (2009) Complete Virion Assembly with Scaffolding Proteins Altered in the Ability To Perform a Critical Conformational Switch. J Virol. 83 (15): 7391–7396
Hemminga, M.A., et al. (2010) Viruses: incredible nanomachines. New advances with filamentous phages. Eur Biophys J. 39(4): 541-550
Hutchinson, E.C. et al. (2010) Genome packaging in influenza A virus. J Gen Virol 2010 91: 313-328.
Ivanovska, I.L. et al. (2004) Bacteriophage capsids: tough nanoshells with complex elastic properties. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 101: 7600–7605
Klug, A. (1999) The tobacco mosaic virus particle: structure and assembly. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. March 29; 354 (1383): 531–535
Mannige, R.V. and Brooks, C.L. (2010) Periodic Table of Virus Capsids: Implications for Natural Selection and Design. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9423
Maurer-Stroh, S. and Eisenhaber, F. (2004) Myristoylation of viral and bacterial proteins. Trends in Microbiology, 12: 178–185
McKenna, R. et al. (1992) Atomic structure of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage φX174 and its functional implications. Nature, 355: 137–143
Roberts, K.L. and Smith, G.L. (2008) Vaccinia virus morphogenesis and dissemination. Trends in Microbiology 16(10): 472-479
Rohrmann, G.F. (2008) Baculovirus Molecular Biology. NCBI Bookshelf
Xiao C, et al. (2009) Structural Studies of the Giant Mimivirus. PLoS Biol 7(4): e1000092