CJ 407- Crisis Negotiations

Crisis Stages

Tina Mainwaring

Crisis Stages  This week in seminar we will discuss the different stages of a crisis. A crisis will be defined and the goals and behavior of the negotiator in each stage will be discussed.

Unit 2 Essays are past due!

Unless you have contacted me prior to the start of Unit 3, late penalties are accruing on work that has not been submitted.

Why not take the time to submit it?

What must first officers on site be responsible for ?

Isolation Containment Evaluation First Report and first contact

Tactical arrives on scene - what next?

The arriving tactical officers should be:

Replacing the backup officers on the inner perimeter,

Allowing the uniformed officers to report to the command post for operational debriefing and then be reassigned to reinforce the outer perimeter.

All personnel assigned should be made aware of the included and excluded description of areas and reference points, police positions, command post locations,

Establish physical and organizational boundaries for their operations.

Establishing inner and outer perimeters and cordons allow containing the crisis objective into sterile zones.

All personnel assigned should be made aware:

of the included and excluded description of areas

reference points, police positions, command post locations,

Law enforcement support services staging areas with VIP and media briefing positions.

Access into and out of the objective, through cordons, are required for evacuating persuaded people.

Cordoning an area also limits: unauthorized personal media communications, food, water.

Why limit these?

What else should be limited and why? Utilities such as water, heat, air conditioning, cable, natural gas or oil heating & cooking fuel.

(picture taken from www.despair.com, but I found it to be interesting and applicable, the language. NOT endorsing this site, or even suggesting that you should go to it at all!)

These then become negotiable utilities.

These are desirable for both negotiator and hostage taker/person in non-hostage situation.

disseminate the command and control (logistics, liaison and coordination), communications and intelligence

Site security, access control, operational, administrative, communications, financial, supply, liaison and intelligence personnel check in; helicopter landing sites with ground and air vehicles parking control; VIP and media briefing areas; staff arrival and scheduling, assembly, staging and departure areas; electrical and telephone control; toilet, medical, mental health, legal advisory, feeding and sleeping areas. Communications equipment often includes multiple frequency and interagency radios; landline, cellular and satellite telephones; broadband cable, internet and standard broadcast television; teletype and NLETS/NCIC/TECS/EPIC/DOD with state criminal history and personal credit history computer access.

You may have a strategic command and a tactical operations command depending on the size of the event.

Negotiators: Crisis Negotiation Teams are used to

resolve a myriad of incidents Negotiators must have special training,

special skills, knowledge and police experience.

Barricaded subject, Trapped armed robbers, Hostage situations, Stalking victims and perpetrators, High risk suicide, Mental health warrants, High risk warrants, Gang violence Applying stress reducing debriefing techniques to crisis

victims, police officers and other public service employees.

What are instrumental demands? These are physical types of demands

such as money, cars, escape, no arrest, etc….

concrete and specific demands car, helicopter, wife or girlfriend > Why this one?

What are expressive demands? Expressions of things such as anger,

frustration, yelling, screaming…. In some cases, they are looking for

attention, In other cases, may be an expression

of power…or at the least, an attempt to assert power over the situation.

Hostage incident one in which a subject holds other people in order to

force a third party to comply with his or her substantive demands.

Substantive demands: Those that the subject does not believe will be meet

without the use of hostages.

A False Dichotomy : Expressive demands are those that

involve need to express intense emotion Substantial demands involve tangibles

that can be traded.

Dichotomy: a separation into two divisions that differ widely from or contradict each other

People are hostages not leverage. Hostage taker is usually rational

negotiation techniques our strategy of choice.

These are demands no one would expect to be fulfilled.

Non-hostage incidents involve the subject acting out of emotion, having ill-defined goals, and making no substantive demands-expressive demands.

Any thoughts on an example of this?

Types of demands may vary. Risks to hostage victim differ. Strategies and tactics vary Length of time to resolve varies as a

function of the incident, State of mind of subject varies.

Types of Sieges: Deliberate Siege Spontaneous Sieges Anticipated Sieges

the subject or subjects initiated the confrontation.

Incident is designed to bring attention to subjects causer point.

Involve substantial demands. People are bargaining chips

Subject does not want or anticipate the authorities involvement.

Motivation is usually personal Demands expressive Person held is usually victim in the making

or a hostage. Subject’s state of mind is usually emotional. Often influenced by alcohol or drugs Crisis intervention techniques are the

strategy

Subject expects authorities to initiate a counter Subject’s goal is to survive and maintain

freedom Demands are generally substantive

This means?

People involved are usually follow words or family members.

Motivation is political or religious. Preparations have been made. Rational approach. Active listening and bargaining

techniques in approach.

The S.A.F.E. Model/Mitchell Hammer, Ph.D. in McMains and Mullins:2010

Substantive demands made by subject. Affiliation needs –

liking and trust - involved in the relationship

Face subject needs to save face

Emotions there is a need to attend to advantage the emotions

of the subject

Substantial demands: the wants/demands made by the parties. This includes subject in negotiator First demands are rarely expected to get

met. Taking a position interferes with the

relationship. Position bargaining either leads to conflict

about positions or assaults on self-esteem or leads to withdrawal from conflict and avoid some of the other.

Always be ready for agreement The goal is always to reconcile the conflicting

interests not to positions

Attunement : the rational trust established between parties. Separate the person from the problem. Trust and liking are easier to build if it is clear that

you're listening. Suggested guidelines separate the relationship from

the substance deal directly with the relationship. Put yourself in their shoes. Don't deduce their intention from your fears. Don't blame them for your problem. Discuss each other's perception. Look for opportunities to act inconsistently with

others expectations. Give them a stake in the outcome by making sure

they participate in decision-making.

Face: self image of each of the parties is

threatened and seeks honor. everyone is playing to an audience and

saving face is always an issue. Negotiators are people. Don't identify reasons for need to save

face and don't personalize the challenge minimize conflict - consciously separate

the person from the problem always communicate respect understand he or she needs to save face

Emotions: degree of emotional distress experienced by parties

Recognize and understand emotions: errors in your words. May commotions explicit recognize them as legitimate Allow other side to let off steam Don't react to emotional outbursts Use symbolic gestures -- acting in the way they do not

expect.

Remember: when the subject makes a substantial demand, the negotiator’s goal is to bargain or problem solved with the subject to achieve a peaceful surrender.

>Emotional people have difficulty seeing a peaceful surrender.

Any questions for this week? Remember, minimum of 3 discussion

posts on each board Spell Check Writing Center and Purdue Owl Systems Check on Desktop Page Have a great week, and Stay Safe!